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The effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid co-supplementation on glycemic control and lipid concentrations in patients with gestational diabetes - Feb 2017

Journal of Clinical Lipidology, online 2 Feb 2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2017.01.011
Mehri Jamilian, MD1, Mansooreh Samimi, MD2, Faraneh Afshar Ebrahimi, MD2, Teibeh Hashemi, MD3, Mohsen Taghizadeh, PhD3, Maryamalsadat Razavi, MD4, , , Marzieh Sanami, BSc3, Zatollah Asemi, PhD3, ,

Objective
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co- supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid concentrations in gestational diabetes (GDM) patients.

Methods
This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was done among 140 GDM patients. Participants were randomly divided into four groups to receive:

• 1) 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids containing 360 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 240 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) twice a day+ vitamin D placebo (n=35);
• 2) 50,000 IU vitamin D every 2 weeks+ omega-3 fatty acids placebo (n=35);
• 3) 50,000 IU vitamin D every 2 weeks+1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids twice a day (n=35) and
• 4) vitamin D placebo+omega-3 fatty acids placebo (n=35) for 6 weeks.

Results
After 6 weeks of intervention, patients who received combined vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids supplements compared with vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids and placebo had significantly decreased

• fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (-7.3±7.8, -6.9±6.6, -4.0±2.5 and +1.0±11.4 mg/dL, respectively, P<0.001),
• serum insulin levels (-1.9±1.9, -1.3±6.3, -0.4±6.3 and +2.6±6.5 μIU/mL, respectively, P=0.005),
• homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (-0.7±0.6, -0.5±1.4, -0.2±1.5 and +0.6±1.5, respectively, P<0.001)
• increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (+0.01±0.01, +0.008±0.02, +0.002±0.02 and -0.005±0.02, respectively, P=0.001). In addition, changes in
• serum triglycerides (-8.2±41.0, +7.6±31.5, +3.6±29.9 and +20.1±29.6 mg/dL, respectively, P=0.006) and
• VLDL-cholesterol (-1.6±8.2, +1.5±6.3, +0.8±6.0 and +4.0±5.9 mg/dL, respectively, P=0.006) in the vitamin D plus omega-3 fatty acids group were significantly different from the changes in these indicators in the vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids and placebo groups.

Conclusion
Overall, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation for 6 weeks among GDM patients had beneficial effects on FPG, serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, serum triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol levels.

Publisher wants $36 for the PDF

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The effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes - Dec 2017

It appears the same RCT was re-published with free PDF later in 2017
Nutrition & Metabolism201714:80, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-017-0236-9. Dec 2017
Maryamalsadat Razavi, Mehri Jamilian, Mansooreh Samimi, Faraneh Afshar Ebrahimi, Mohsen Taghizadeh, Reza Bekhradi, Elahe Seyed Hosseini, Hamed Haddad Kashani, Maryam Karamali and Zatollah Asemi
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Grassroots Health Plot of Data

Nice outcome trends for this short small study
Anticipate that a long study with more mothers would get many statistically significant results

Background
This study was carried out to determine the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co- supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes (GDM) patients.

METHODS:
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 120 GDM women.
Participants were randomly divided into four groups to receive:

• 1) 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids containing 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 120 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) twice a day + vitamin D placebo (n = 30);
• 2) 50,000 IU vitamin D every 2 weeks + omega-3 fatty acids placebo (n = 30);
• 3) 50,000 IU vitamin D every 2 weeks + 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids twice a day (n = 30) and
• 4) vitamin D placebo + omega-3 fatty acids placebo (n = 30) for 6 weeks.

Results
Subjects who received vitamin D plus omega-3 fatty acids supplements compared with vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids and placebo had significantly decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (−2.0 ± 3.3 vs. -0.8 ± 4.4, −1.3 ± 2.4 and +0.9 ± 2.7 mg/L, respectively, P = 0.008), malondialdehyde (−0.5 ± 0.5 vs. −0.2 ± 0.5, −0.3 ± 0.9 and +0.5 ± 1.4 μmol/L, respectively, P < 0.001), and increased total antioxidant capacity (+92.1 ± 70.1 vs. +55.1 ± 123.6, +88.4 ± 95.2 and +1.0 ± 90.8 mmol/L, respectively, P = 0.001) and glutathione (+95.7 ± 86.7 vs. +23.0 ± 62.3, +30.0 ± 66.5 and −7.8 ± 126.5 μmol/L, respectively, P = 0.001). In addition, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation, compared with vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids and placebo, resulted in lower incidences of newborns’ hyperbilirubinemiain (P = 0.037) and newborns’ hospitalization (P = 0.037).

Conclusion
Overall, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation for 6 weeks among GDM women had beneficial effects on some biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes.