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Vitamin D reduces preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and hypertension - 38th meta-analysis Dec 2021

Association between maternal vitamin D levels and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Food Funct. 2021 Dec 3. doi: 10.1039/d1fo03033g
Rui Zhao 1, Leilei Zhou 1, Shanshan Wang 1, Guoping Xiong 2, Liping Hao 1

Epidemiological studies have investigated the associations between vitamin D and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, the results are conflicting and dose-response relationships remain to be confirmed. This study aimed to summarize previous studies on the associations of vitamin D levels with the risk of

  • gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),
  • pre-eclampsia (PE),
  • gestational hypertension (GH),

and caesarean section (C-section), and to clarify the dose-response trends. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to identify eligible articles. A total of 69 prospective observational studies including cohort studies, case-cohort studies, or nested case-control studies were included in the current systematic review, of which 68 studies were available for meta-analysis.
Compared with the lowest level, the highest level of 25(OH)D was significantly associated with a lower risk of

  • GDM (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.66-0.87),
  • PE (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.60-0.90;), and
  • GH (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79-0.97);

however, no significant relationship was found for
(C-section (RR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.90-1.12).
There was significant between-study heterogeneity for GDM (I2 = 69.2%; Pheterogeneity < 0.001), PE (I2 = 52.0%; Pheterogeneity = 0.001), and C-section (I2 = 59.1%; Pheterogeneity < 0.001), while no heterogeneity was found for GH (I2 = 0.0%; Pheterogeneity = 0.676).
For each 25 nmol L-1 increase in 25(OH)D, the pooled RR was

  • 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86-0.97) for GDM and
  • 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84-0.94) for PE, respectively.

Notably, the dose-response analysis showed a non-linear relationship between maternal 25(OH)D levels and the risk of PE (Pnon-linearity = 0.009). Our meta-analysis provides further scientific evidence of the inverse association between 25(OH)D levels and the risk of GDM, PE, and GH, which may be useful for the prevention of pregnancy complications. However, more evidence from prospective studies is needed regarding the dietary intake of vitamin D during pregnancy.

VitaminDWiki pages with PREECLAMPSIA in title (56 as of May 2022)

This list is automatcially updated

Items found: 58
Title Modified
Vitamin D and pregnancy, preterm birth, preeclampsia - Whittle Nov 2024 24 Nov, 2024
Vitamin D supplementation decreased the risk of preeclampsia by 39% – meta-analysis Feb 2024 07 Mar, 2024
Preeclampsia reduced by Vitamin D - many studies 01 May, 2023
200 IU of Vitamin D does not prevent preeclampsia – RCT Aug 2012 01 May, 2023
Preeclampsia and Vitamin D - many studies 01 May, 2023
Preeclampsia reduced by 33 percent if high vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2023 23 Feb, 2023
Risk of preeclampsia should drop to nearly zero at 60 ng of Vitamin D – July 2022 22 Jul, 2022
Vitamin D reduces preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and hypertension - 38th meta-analysis Dec 2021 31 May, 2022
Low Vitamin D associated with preeclampsia - meta-analysis Feb 2022 24 Mar, 2022
Seasonal variation on preeclampsia is correlated with sunlight intensity - June 2010 28 Oct, 2021
No Preeclampsia during pregnancy if more than 60 ng of vitamin D – RCT July 2013 02 Jul, 2021
Child 49 percent higher risk of being overweight if preeclampsia during pregnancy – Sept 2017 02 Jul, 2021
Hypertension in pregnancy (preeclampsia) more frequent in winter (low vitamin D) – Jan 2015 22 Jun, 2021
Preeclampsia (hypertension while pregnant) varies with season (O.R. 0.57) – June 2021 22 Jun, 2021
Preeclampsia (low vitamin D) doubles the risk of later cardiovascular problems – Sept 2019 07 Oct, 2019
Preeclampsia 11X more likely if poor Vitamin D Binding Protein (South Africa) - Sept 2019 29 Sep, 2019
Vitamin D cuts pregnancy risks in half – low birth weight, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes – Cochrane July 2019 12 Sep, 2019
Preeclampsia 2.7 X less likely if 50,000 IU of Vitamin D every 2 weeks – meta-analysis Sept 2019 06 Sep, 2019
Preeclampsia 2X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – April 2019 23 Apr, 2019
Preeclampsia 3X more likely if low vitamin D at 25th week – April 2012 20 Feb, 2019
Preeclampsia 2.7X more frequent if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2013 20 Feb, 2019
Preeclampsia rate cut in half by high level of vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2014 20 Feb, 2019
Preeclampsia risk reduced 7X by 4,000 IU of Vitamin D daily – RCT March 2018 20 Feb, 2019
Preeclampsia of offspring cut in half if mother who smoked had vitamin D fortified margarine – Dec 2017 20 Feb, 2019
Preeclampsia is not reduced by vitamin D (if you ignore vitamin D level, dose size, frequency and duration) – July 2017 20 Feb, 2019
Preeclampsia inversely proportional to serum Magnesium – Oct 2014 20 Feb, 2019
Preeclampsia risk reduced by higher levels of vitamin D (VDAART 4,400 IU) - RCT Nov 2016 20 Feb, 2019
Preeclampsia reduced 1.7 X by aspirin (but reduced 7 X by Vitamin D) – Feb 2018 22 Aug, 2018
Vitamin D Receptor is associated with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and preterm birth – Nov 2017 10 Nov, 2017
Preeclampsia reduced 2X by Vitamin D, by 5X if also add Calcium – meta-analysis Oct 2017 24 Oct, 2017
Preeclampsia risk reduced 60 percent if supplement with Vitamin D (they ignored dose size) – meta-analysis Sept 2017 08 Sep, 2017
Risk of preeclampsia might be cut in half if take an amount of Vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2017 04 Sep, 2017
Preeclampsia reoccurred half as often if get 50,000 IU of Vitamin D every two weeks – Aug 2017 22 Aug, 2017
Dark-skined mothers: preeclampsia 12X more likely if gestational hypertension – May 2014 17 Aug, 2017
Preeclampsia recurrence reduced 2 X by 50,000 IU of vitamin D every two weeks – RCT July 2017 17 Jul, 2017
Preeclampsia doubles the risk of mild cognitive impairment – July 2017 05 Jul, 2017
Preeclampsia changes to Vitamin D Binding Protein reduces Vitamin D in placenta – Dec 2016 18 Dec, 2016
Preeclampsia 3.5 times more likely if low vitamin D (affects 348 Vit. D genes) – RCT Nov 2016 15 Nov, 2016
Vitamin D supplementation of all pregnant women (in UK) would be cost effective – just considering preeclampsia – March 2016 09 Jul, 2016
Preeclampsia 4X less likely if vitamin D levels increased by 8 ng during pregnancy – March 2016 05 Apr, 2016
Preeclampsia 2X more likely if low vitamin D, unless adjust for vitamin D factors (BMI, skin color) – Dec 2015 21 Jan, 2016
2X more preeclampsia when vitamin D less than 30 ng, etc. - meta-analysis March 2013 16 Jan, 2016
Preeclampsia and eclampsia associated with lower vitamin D, etc. – Sept 2015 13 Nov, 2015
Preeclampsia increased risk of Congenital Heart Defects by 60 percent (vitamin D not mentioned) Oct 2015 28 Oct, 2015
5,000 IU Vitamin D was not enough to reduce preeclampsia but did help future infant – RCT April 2014 15 Oct, 2015
Preeclampsia reduced by Vitamin D (50,000 IU bi-weekly) and Calcium – Oct 2015 15 Oct, 2015
Why preeclampsia is 5X more likely if vitamin D insufficient – Jan 2015 06 Sep, 2015
Preeclampsia – hypothesis as to why vitamin D helps – June 2015 09 Jun, 2015
Preeclampsia was prevented or treated by vitamin D in majority of studies – review May 2015 26 May, 2015
Women with low vitamin D 4X more likely to have preeclampsia in pregnancy – Nov 2010 28 Mar, 2015
7X increase in early severe preeclampsia associated with low vitamin D – Aug 2012 20 Mar, 2015
High blood pressure during pregnancy (preeclampsia) associated with low vitamin D, c-section – Jan 2015 22 Jan, 2015
Preeclampsia 40 percent less likely if had more than 20 ng of vitamin D – Jan 2014 30 Jan, 2014
Preeclampsia 40 percent less likely if mother had more than 20 ng of vitamin D – Jan 2014 30 Jan, 2014
2X more likely to have preeclampsia if less than 20 ng of vitamin D – Meta-analysis Jan 2013 11 Jan, 2014
Almost 3X more likely to get preeclampsia if low vitamin D and high PTH– July 2013 15 Sep, 2013
How to reduce preeclampsia - May 2011 19 Apr, 2013
Low vitamin D results in severe preeclampsia and low birth weight – Mar 2011 27 Nov, 2011

VitaminDWiki pages with GESTATIONAL DIABETES in title (36 as of May 2022)

This list is automatcially updated

Items found: 40
Title Modified
Gestational Diabetes and Vitamin D - many studies 10 Apr, 2024
Gestational Diabetes and Vitamin D - many studies 10 Apr, 2024
Gestational Diabetes best fought by Vitamin D plus probiotics – RCT review Dec 2023 11 Jan, 2024
Gestational Diabetes reduced with 50,000 IU of vitamin D every 3 weeks and daily Calcium – RCT June 2014 17 Jul, 2023
50,000 IU of Vitamin D every 2 weeks reduced gestational diabetes – RCT Feb 2015 12 Jul, 2023
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 10X more-likely if low vitamin D in first trimester – July 2022 07 Aug, 2022
Gestational Diabetes 2.1 X more likely if less than 30 ng of Vitamin D - July 2022 14 Jul, 2022
Gestational diabetes risk reduced 1.5X by Vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2021 14 Jul, 2022
Vitamin D reduces preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and hypertension - 38th meta-analysis Dec 2021 31 May, 2022
Gestational Diabetes – increased risk if poor Vitamin D Receptor – 2 Meta-Analyses 2021 14 Dec, 2021
300,000 IU injection loading dose of vitamin D3 stopped gestational diabetes in RCT – Oct 2011 25 Jul, 2020
Vitamin D cuts pregnancy risks in half – low birth weight, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes – Cochrane July 2019 12 Sep, 2019
Gestational Diabetes 2.4X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor (region in China) – June 2019 24 Jun, 2019
Vitamin D food fortification during pregnancy reduced gestational diabetes in daughters by 13 percent – Nov 2018 14 Jun, 2019
Gestational Diabetes 3 X more likely if poor Vitamin D receptor (Turkey) – May 2019 18 May, 2019
Gestational diabetes 60 percent more likely below 20 ng of vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2012 23 Mar, 2019
Vitamin D treats Gestational Diabetes, decreases hospitalization and newborn complications – meta-analysis March 2019 23 Mar, 2019
Gestational Diabetes 39 percent more likely if insufficient Vitamin D – Meta-analysis March 2018 17 Mar, 2018
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 1.5X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Oct 2015 07 Feb, 2018
Gestational diabetes treated by Vitamin D plus Omega-3 – RCT Feb 2017 02 Jan, 2018
Gestational Diabetes increasing, especially in dark skinned women (low vitamin D) - 2007 30 Dec, 2017
Gestational Diabetes 1.9 X more likely if low vitamin D – review Dec 2017 15 Dec, 2017
Congenital Heart Disease is associated with gestational diabetes in first trimester (need Vitamin D and Omega-3 early) Dec 2017 15 Dec, 2017
Vitamin D Receptor is associated with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and preterm birth – Nov 2017 10 Nov, 2017
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus associated with 4 Vitamin D genes – Oct 2015 09 Nov, 2017
Gestational diabetes 30 percent less likely if consumed more than 400 IU of vitamin D daily – Oct 2017 04 Oct, 2017
Low vitamin D plus gestational diabetes resulted in increased ICU use, SGA – Oct 2016 07 Jun, 2017
Gestational Diabetes 3.7 X more likely if smoke and have low vitamin D (no surprise) – Feb 2016 04 Jan, 2017
Gestational Diabetes reduce 3 times by 5,000 IU of Vitamin D – RCT Jan 2016 10 Dec, 2016
Gestational Diabetes treated with 50,000 IU every two weeks – RCT Sept 2016 03 Sep, 2016
Infant much healthier if Gestational Diabetic mother got 2 doses of vitamin D – RCT Nov 2014 09 Apr, 2016
Gestational Diabetes helped by Vitamin D and Calcium (also less C-section and LGA) – RCT Jan 2016 16 Jan, 2016
Gestational diabetes – Vitamin D and Calcium provided huge benefits – RCT March 2015 13 Jan, 2016
Gestational diabetes reduced by just two 50,000 IU doses of vitamin D – RCT Nov 2014 02 Oct, 2015
Increased Gestational Diabetes and poorer infant health associated with low vitamin D – June 2015 01 Jul, 2015
Gestational Diabetes in 10 percent of pregnancies, vitamin D probably helps – Jan 2014 14 Apr, 2015
Gestational Diabetes reduced 40 percent by 5,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT April 2014 02 Mar, 2015
Gestational Diabetes mostly treated with just 2 doses of 50,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT Dec 2013 26 Jun, 2014
Will 1600 IU vitamin D prevent gestational diabetes – no, not enough, July 2013 31 Aug, 2013
Gestational diabetes 2.2X more likely below 10 ng of vitamin D – June 2012 15 Nov, 2012

VitaminDWiki - Pregnancy category starts with

922 items in Pregnancy category

 - see also

VitaminDWiki - Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D has the following

Most were taking 2,000 to 7,000 IU daily for >50% of pregnancy
   Click on hyperlinks for details

Problem
Vit. D
Reduces		Evidence
0. Chance of not conceiving3.4 times Observe
1. Miscarriage 2.5 times Observe
2. Pre-eclampsia 3.6 timesRCT
3. Gestational Diabetes 3 times RCT
4. Good 2nd trimester sleep quality 3.5 times Observe
5. Premature birth 2 times RCT
6. C-section - unplanned 1.6 timesObserve
     Stillbirth - OMEGA-3 4 timesRCT - Omega-3
7. Depression AFTER pregnancy 1.4 times RCT
8. Small for Gestational Age 1.6 times meta-analysis
9. Infant height, weight, head size
     within normal limits		 RCT
10. Childhood Wheezing 1.3 times RCT
11. Additional child is Autistic 4 times Intervention
12.Young adult Multiple Sclerosis 1.9 timesObserve
13. Preeclampsia in young adult 3.5 timesRCT
14. Good motor skills @ age 31.4 times Observe
15. Childhood Mite allergy 5 times RCT
16. Childhood Respiratory Tract visits 2.5 times RCT

RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial

Created by admin. Last Modification: Tuesday May 31, 2022 17:34:58 GMT-0000 by admin. (Version 7)
Vitamin D reduces preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and hypertension - 38th meta-analysis Dec 2021        
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