Research prioritization of interventions for the primary prevention of preterm birth: An international survey
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019 Jan 25. pii: S0301-2115(19)30048-X. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.01.021.
Allotey J1, Matei A2, Husain S3, Newton S4, Dodds J5, Armson AB2, Khan KS5, Vogel JP6.
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International Survey ranked the possibilities
Vitamin D was the only supplement which was a research priority
Note: For thousands of years pregnancies averaged 40 weeks
In 2006 March of Dimes stated the average pregnancy lasted only 39 weeks (new average)
Download the PDF from Sci-Hub via VitaminDWiki
OBJECTIVE:
To identify research priorities of interventions for the primary prevention of preterm birth (PTB), by conducting an international stakeholder survey.
STUDY DESIGN:
A prospective cross-sectional online survey was conducted in November 2016. Fifteen interventions to prevent spontaneous PTB were identified and ranked by stakeholders (n = 159) in the field of maternal and perinatal health research, using nine equally weighted criteria. Medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) were calculated and the interventions ranked accordingly.
RESULTS:
Respondents to the survey were from 46 different countries, mostly from low and middle-income countries (62%, 99/159) and were mainly clinicians (80%, 127/159).
Of the fifteen interventions ranked, the following five were identified as research priorities in the primary prevention of PTB:
- dietary counselling and nutritional education,
- risk scoring,
- vitamin D supplementation,
- exercise and
- antioxidant supplementation.
Criteria
CONCLUSION:
We have identified research priorities of interventions to prevent spontaneous PTB through a global stakeholder survey. The interventions prioritized in this exercise can be used by researchers, grant funding bodies and research-policy decision makers to inform calls on future clinical trials or individual patient data meta-analyses on the primary prevention of PTB.
Top 8 promising interventions to reduce pre-term births
| 1 | Antioxidants 1 | Supplementation | Regular antenatal dietary supplementation
of one or more antioxidants such as vitamin C
|
| 2 | Vitamin D 2 | Supplementation | Regular antenatal dietary supplementation of vitamin D
either alone or in combination with other supplements
|
| 3 | Vitamin E 3 | Supplementation | Regular antenatal dietary supplementation of vitamin E
either alone or in combination with other supplements
|
| 4 | Omega-3/fish oil 4 | Supplementation | Regular antenatal dietary supplementation of Omega-3/fish oil capsules
|
| 5 | Zinc 5 | Supplementation | Regular antenatal dietary supplementation of zinc
either alone or in combination with other supplements
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| 6 | Aspirin 6 | Supplementation | Low-dose aspirin therapy with or without dipyridamole
|
| 7 | Probiotics 7 | Supplementation | Regular administration of probiotics
as pessaries capsules, tablets or powder
|
| 8 | Antibiotics prophylaxis 8 | Treatment of infection | Routine antibiotics given during the second and third trimesters
to prevent vaginal or cervical infections |
VitaminDWiki Pregnancy pages with PRETERM of PRE-TERM in title (61 as of May 2022)
This list is automatically updated
Items found: 74
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Title |
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Modified |
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Preterm birth risk increased 1.6 X if supplement with Calcium – Oct 2024 |
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27 Dec, 2024 |
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3X fewer preterm deliveries if take 2,000 IU of Vitamin D daily (small study, 9% refused) - Dec 2024 |
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17 Dec, 2024 |
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Vitamin D and pregnancy, preterm birth, preeclampsia - Whittle Nov 2024 |
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24 Nov, 2024 |
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Preterm birth decreased by Omega-3, etc. - many studies |
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01 Oct, 2024 |
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Preterm births appear reduced 34% by Vitamin D, 11% by Omega-3 - Jan 2021 |
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01 Oct, 2024 |
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Preterm births reduced by Vitamin D - many studies |
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01 Oct, 2024 |
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Pfizer’s RSV vaccine found to increase risk of preterm births by 24%, etc. – Sept 2024 |
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29 Sep, 2024 |
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Omega-3 fatty acid in pregnancy reduces risk of preterm and early preterm birth – Feb 2024 |
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17 Aug, 2024 |
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800 mg of Magnesium early in 3rd trimester significantly increased brain activity in preterm infants – RCT May 2024 |
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03 Jun, 2024 |
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Preterm birth rate increased in US but decreased in Finland (high Vitamin D) - Jan 2024 |
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09 Feb, 2024 |
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Preterm birth chance reduced –17P (expensive drug) or Vitamin D – June 2015 |
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01 Jan, 2024 |
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Preterm birth and low Vitamin D - many studies |
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24 Dec, 2023 |
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Preterm births are VERY costly – Feb 2017 |
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24 Dec, 2023 |
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Preterm birth cost for employers approximately 50,000 dollars – Oct 2017 |
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24 Dec, 2023 |
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Preterm Birth 2.7X more likely if low vitamin D (dark skin in this case) - Nov 2023 |
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01 Nov, 2023 |
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4.4 X more likely to have a preterm birth if low vitamin D while pregnant (India) - May 2022 |
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01 Nov, 2023 |
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Omega-3 supplementation reduced preterm birth rate by 4X – RCT July 2020 |
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21 Oct, 2022 |
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Arab preterm infants often have less than 10 ng of vitamin D - 2010 |
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15 May, 2022 |
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Preterm birth interventions – 4 studies found possible vitamin D benefit – Cochrane – Nov 2018 |
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15 May, 2022 |
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Preterm birth might be prevented by Vitamin D, Omega-3, etc. (International survey) – Jan 2019 |
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15 May, 2022 |
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Preterm Births - promising preventions – anti-oxidants, Vitamin D, Omega-3, Zinc, etc. – Jan 2019 |
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15 May, 2022 |
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Preterm birth reduction by nutrients - Vitamin D is the best, Omega-3 is next best – May 2022 |
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15 May, 2022 |
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Preterm birth rate of pregnant smokers cut in half if take Omega-3 – RCT May 2017 |
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20 Feb, 2022 |
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Preterm birth varies with season: 25 percent more likely if conception in autumn – Feb 2022 |
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04 Feb, 2022 |
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Pre-term birth rate cut in half with 1000 milligrams of Omega-3 (if initially low) – RCT May 2021 |
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04 Jun, 2021 |
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Preterm birth risk increased 16 pcnt if heat wave (perhaps outside less) - Nov 2020 |
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16 Nov, 2020 |
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Preterm birth associated with many genes, including the Vitamin D Receptor again – Jan 2020 |
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30 Jan, 2020 |
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Preterm birth 8X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Dec 2019 |
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31 Dec, 2019 |
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8 percent fewer preterm births if adequate Selenium from food – Aug 2019 |
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24 Dec, 2019 |
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Pregnant women in Australia to take Omega-3 when told of reduction in preterm births – Dec 2019 |
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19 Nov, 2019 |
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Preterm birth 9 X more likely if fetus had a poor Vitamin D Receptor and previous miscarriage – Aug 2017 |
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12 Nov, 2019 |
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Preterm birth rate not vary with vitamin D level (when all are less than 30 ng) – Oct 2019 |
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17 Oct, 2019 |
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Extreme preterm infants helped somewhat by 800 IU of vitamin D – RCT Jan 2018 |
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01 Oct, 2019 |
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Preterm Births reduced by Omega-3, Zinc, and Vitamin D – Aug 2019 |
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09 Aug, 2019 |
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Preterm birth increases risk of heart disease by 1.5 X by age 40 – June 2019 |
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06 Aug, 2019 |
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Preterm Births decreased by Omega-3 (analysis of 184 countries) – April 2019 |
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27 Apr, 2019 |
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Preterm birth 3X more likely if low vitamin D – Oct 2018 |
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07 Feb, 2019 |
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Omega-3 index of 5 greatly decreases the risk of an early preterm birth – Dec 2018 |
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04 Jan, 2019 |
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Preterm births 12 X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor (white infants in Italy) – meta-analysis Aug 2018 |
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27 Aug, 2018 |
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Third trimester Vitamin D levels were lower if pre-term labor was expected – March 2018 |
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24 Mar, 2018 |
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Preterm birth 4X more likely if very low Vitamin D (Chinese) - Feb 2018 |
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28 Feb, 2018 |
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Preterm birth rates increased in 15 European countries – Oct 2013 |
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23 Dec, 2017 |
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Vitamin D intervention reduces preterm births and low birth weight by 60 percent – Cochrane Reviews – Nov 2017 |
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07 Dec, 2017 |
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Preterm birth rate increased 60 percent in 50 years (US) |
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26 Nov, 2017 |
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Preterm births strongly related to Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor, Iodine, Omega-3, etc |
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13 Nov, 2017 |
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Vitamin D Receptor is associated with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and preterm birth – Nov 2017 |
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10 Nov, 2017 |
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Preterm birth trend toward 2.5 X more likely if less than 10 ng of Vitamin D – Aug 2017 |
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26 Aug, 2017 |
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Preterm birth rate reduced by vitamin D – 78 percent if non-white, 39 percent if white – July 2017 |
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27 Jul, 2017 |
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Preterm birth more likely if dark skinned and low vitamin D (not white-skinned) – April 2017 |
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06 Jul, 2017 |
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Risk of preterm birth twice as likely when less than 10 ng of vitamin D – Nov 2016 |
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13 Apr, 2017 |
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Preterm labor 20 times more likely if low vitamin D, etc. (India) – Feb 2017 |
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08 Mar, 2017 |
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Preterm birth rate reduced by 43 percent with adequate Vitamin D supplementation – meta-analysis Feb 2017 |
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02 Mar, 2017 |
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Pre-term birth - many of risk factors are associated with low vitamin D |
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27 Feb, 2017 |
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Preterm birth rate reduced 57 percent by Vitamin D – Nov 2015 |
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23 Jan, 2017 |
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Vitamin D Webinar - cost of pre-term birth etc- Baggerly Nov 2013 |
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11 Dec, 2016 |
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Preterm birth extended by 2 weeks with Omega-3 – Meta-analysis Nov 2015 |
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10 Dec, 2016 |
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Omega-3 supplementation during pregnancy reduce early preterm births (save 1500 USD per child) – Aug 2016 |
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12 Oct, 2016 |
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Zinc helps pregnancies – 14 percent fewer preterm births, etc. – Cochrane RCT Feb 2015 |
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14 Jun, 2016 |
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Preterm birth has become the leading cause of infant mortality (vitamin D not mentioned) – JAMA June 2016 |
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07 Jun, 2016 |
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Preterm birth 30 percent more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2016 |
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20 May, 2016 |
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Asthmatic pregnant women had 30 percent more preterm births if air pollution (vitamin D not mentioned) – March 2016 |
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09 Mar, 2016 |
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Omega-3 helps pregnancy in many ways: preterm 26 percent less likely etc – review July 2012 |
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08 Sep, 2015 |
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Extreme preterm survival 30 percent less likely if little sunshine 23-28 weeks – June 2015 |
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05 Sep, 2015 |
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Magnesium (Sulfate) reduces risk of cerebral palsy for those at risk of pre-term births – Dec 2013 |
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18 Aug, 2015 |
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Respiratory distress after preterm birth is more likely if low vitamin D – review April 2015 |
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05 Aug, 2015 |
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Pre-term births reduced in half if 40 ng of vitamin D in 3rd trimester – Nov 2014 |
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15 Mar, 2015 |
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Chance of preterm birth is strongly associated with low vitamin D – Feb 2015 |
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05 Feb, 2015 |
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The more preterm the birth, the lower the vitamin D level (both mothers and infants) – Feb 2014 |
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05 Feb, 2015 |
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Preterm infants more likely to have vitamin D levels below 20 ng – Feb 2014 |
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05 Feb, 2015 |
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Decreased risk of preterm birth if have more than 36 ng of vitamin D – Jan 2015 |
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09 Jan, 2015 |