FACT - - People with dark skins have more health problems and higher mortality rate than those with light skins
FACT - - People with dark skins have low levels of vitamin D
FACT - - People with light skins who have low vitamin D have health problems
OBSERVATION - - The health problems of whites with low level of vitamin D are similar to those with dark skins
CONCLUSION - - People with dark skins have more health problems due to low levels of vitamin D
African American Health Disparities are associated with low Vitamin D - Grant Feb 2021
Low Vitamin D increases health problems - independent of skin color
Increased Death Rate with Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- Dark-skinned children 3.4 X more likely to die after surgery than white skinned children NYT July 20, 2020
- reporting on a study in Pediatrics "Race, Postoperative Complications, and Death in Apparently Healthy Children" The word VITAMIN does not occur once in the study
- Do blacks have a 5 year life penalty due to low vitamin D from JAMA 2007
Heart Disease 1.3 years, HIV 0.6 years, Perinatal death 0.5 years, Stroke 0.4 years, Lung cancer 0.3 years,
Other cancer 0.3 years, Diabetes 0.3 years, Prostate cancer 0.3 years, Septicemia 0.2 years,
Hypertension 0.2 years, Nephritis 0.2 years, Homicide 1.0 years-Depression ?
Unintentional injuries 0.4 years (drugs, autos, falls) - Lack of vitamin D closely associated with black health disparities – Nov 2010 which includes:
Cardiovascular disease, Congestive heart failure, Chronic kidney disease, Cognitive impairment
Glucose metabolism, Peripheral arterial disease, End-stage renal disease, Diabetes
Cancer, Breast cancer, Colorectal cancer, Influenza, common cold, Sepsis, All-cause mortality rate - Black die younger than whites 2021
Chart of Vitamin D levels vs race - April 2013 has the following
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The Black/White survival discrepancy peaks at age 78: chronic illness
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US vitamin D deficiency vs skin color details were reported by CDC March 2012
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Amount of vitamin D deficiency depends on amount of African-American blood (genes)
CLICK HERE for more information
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The health disparity for dark skinned people is almost the same as whites having a low level of vitamin D
Black vs White | White - low D vs White - high D | ||
breast cancer | 1.34 | 1.26 | |
colorectal cancer | 1.43 | 1.44 | |
cardiovascular disease | 1.29 | 1.27 | |
all-cause mortality | 1.26 | 1.26 |
CLICK HERE for details, Dr. Grant
Blacks die more often than whites of many diseases (they have less vitamin D) – 2012 contains the following summary
Cancer Facts & Figures for African Americans Cancer.org
- “African Americans have the highest death rate and shortest survival of any racial and ethnic group in the US for most cancers”
- Has a huge number of tables and charts, Note: Vitamin D is not mentioned
Leading Causes of Death as of March 2018
All Ages Death rate | Black | White | Ratio |
Heart diseases | 217 | 171 | 1.27 |
Cancer | 199 | 170 | 1.17 |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 51 | 36 | 1.4 |
Diabetes | 40 | 19 | 2.0 |
Rates per 100,000 Age adjusted Non-Hispanic
Skin - Dark category listing has 460 items along with related searches
Diabetes and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
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T1 Diabetes 6.5 X more likely in South African Blacks if poor Vitamin D Binding Protein – July 2022
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26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
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Children in India – 1 in 7 extremely low Vitamin D, 1 in 10 prediabetic – Sept 2019
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Blacks die more often than whites of many diseases (they have less vitamin D) – 2012
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Diabetic blacks – 80 percent had low vitamin D (less than 20 ng) a decade before – Sept 2017
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Diabetes is associated with low vitamin D in various races, but not blacks – Sept 2015
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Diabetes (Type 1) 14X more likely in dark skin children with low levels of vitamin D – May 2015
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Obese diabetics with dark skins not benefit from 6,000 IU of vitamin D daily (no surprise) – RCT March 2015
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Diabetic glycation control is inversely related to Vitamin D in India – Feb 2015
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Type I diabetes in dark skin children associated with low vitamin D if far from equator – Jan 2015
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Dr. Holick video on vitamin D - March 2013
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African-Americans at high risk of obesity and diabetes - 2011
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Type 1 Diabetes associated with low vitamin D, especially in dark skinned youths – Dec 2012
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Hyperglycemia in black veterans is associated with low vitamin D – Nov 2012
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Diabetics with darker skin were more vitamin D deficient – May 2012
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Low vitamin D associated with obesity-related diseases for ethnic minorities – Sept 2011
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97 percent of Native American children have less than 30 ng of vitamin D – Oct 2011
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Diabetic neuropathy and low vitamin D, especially in blacks - July 2011
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Studies linked low vitamin D and dark skin to Obesity, Diabetes, and heart – June 2011
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Not yet certain that vitamin D reduces cardiovascular and diabetes in blacks – Mar 2011
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Diabetes Statistics including more diabetes with darker skin – 2007
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Insulin resistance correlated with low vitamin D levels in Arab Americans – June 2010
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Insulin sensitivity associated with Vit D in A-A April 2010
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Vitamin D deficiency and insulin insensitivity in African Americans - 2010
Pregnancy and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
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Preterm Birth 2.7X more likely if low vitamin D (dark skin in this case) - Nov 2023
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Low vitamin D while pregnant – a health emergency (Indonesia in this case) – meta-analysis May 2023
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US maternal death rate increasing (low D not mentioned) - March 2023
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Vitamin D Status May Help Explain Maternal Race and Ethnic Factors in Primary Cesarean Section Delivery – April 2020
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Dark-skin plus low vitamin D in first trimester made preterm birth 2.9 X more likely – Dec 2019
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Low vitamin D in pregnancy linked to potentially harmful vaginal bacteria in black women - May 2019
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Pregnant while black increases chance of death – mothers 3X, infants 2X (low Vitamin D) – Feb 2019
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Depressed black pregnant women should take vitamin D – April 2018
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Bone loss during black pregnancies – 4000 IU of vitamin D was not enough – Dec 2017
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Preterm birth more likely if dark skinned and low vitamin D (not white-skinned) – April 2017
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Dark skin pregnancies 2.6 times more likely to have low vitamin D – March 2017
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Premature birth and infant mortality worse if dark skin (low vitamin D) - 2015
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Autism with intellectual disability 2.5 times more likely if low vitamin D during pregnancy – April 2016
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Ethnicity and low vitamin D levels during pregnancy – Jan 2016
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Metabolites of pregnant blacks vary with vitamin D level – Nov 2014
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Dark-skined mothers: preeclampsia 12X more likely if gestational hypertension – May 2014
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78 percent of pregnant immigrants in Sweden had less than 10 ng low vitamin D – Nov 2013
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Depression in pregnant blacks strongly associated to vitamin D levels – Nov 2012
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Dr. Holick video on vitamin D - March 2013
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Dark skinned pregnant women far from equator were very vitamin D deficient – Sept 2012
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Pregnant blacks 50 pcnt more likely to be depressed if 3 ng less vitamin D – July 2012
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80 percent of South Asian Women in UK had less than 10 ng of vitamin D in winter – April 2012
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Blacks have more pre-term births due to low nutrients such as vitamin D – Sept 2011
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Overview Dark skin births and Vitamin D
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Vitamin D and fertility and birth problems with dark skin – Jan 2011
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Very low vitamin D for first pregnancies and those with dark skin – Jan 2011
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97 percent of pregnant Blacks had less than 32 ng of vitamin D - 2010
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Pregnant women vitamin D insuficiency Black 97 Hispanic 81 White 67 percent – July 2010
Women and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
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Menopause is earlier in black women (low vitamin D) - Aug 2023
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Immune systems of overweight black women improved by monthly 60,000 IU Vitamin D – RCT Oct 2022
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Vitality recaptured with Vitamin D (stories of Swedish immigrant women in this case) – Dec 2019
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Pregnant while black increases chance of death – mothers 3X, infants 2X (low Vitamin D) – Feb 2019
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Urgency Urinary Incontinence in senior black women decreased 40 percent by weekly 50,000 IU vitamin D – RCT Dec 2018
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Breast cancer in blacks – 5X increased risk of triple negative if low vitamin D – Oct 2017
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Malay women 14 X more likely to be Vitamin D deficient than Chinese in Malay – July 2017
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CDC vitamin D statistics for women: including blacks and high BMI – March 2012
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Overview Dark skin births and Vitamin D
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Vitamin D levels dropped after training for white, but not black females April 2010
Breast Cancer and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
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Cancer of breast is highest in dark-skinned women (low Vitamin D: dark skin and obese) - Feb 2022
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Breast cancer in blacks – 5X increased risk of triple negative if low vitamin D – Oct 2017
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Hypothesis: Vitamin D is related to breast cancer racial disparities in the US - Sept 2012
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Genes may account for some of AA Breast Cancer – April 2012
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Breast cancer worse for black women – Sept 2011
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Breast cancer more deadly for blacks than whites
Rickets and Dark Skin- - - - -
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Rickets in Norway – 93 percent had darker skin (lower vitamin D) – May 2017
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Vitamin D deficiency diseases in dark skinned people living far from equator – Meta-analysis Oct 2013
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Ricket was known to be associated with dark skin and breast feeding a century ago - 2005
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Black Sudanese children 350X more likely to have rickets than other Australians – April 2012
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Rickets in 30 percent of infants in India who had low vitamin D – March 2011
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Dark Skinned babies probably need vitamin D to prevent nutritional rickets - 2001
Hypertension and Dark Skin- - -
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26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
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Increased health problems in blacks is similar to that of low vitamin D whites (John Singleton Stroke)
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Hypertension is more likely in those with darker skins (low vitamin D) 2017
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Vitamin D different relationship between whites and blacks for bone and plaque – June 2012
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Vitamin D accounts for 25 percent of the racial differences in blood pressure – Oct 2011
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Hypothesis that lack of vitamin D increases blood pressure in blacks – July 2010
Stroke and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
Obesity and Dark Skin - - - - - - -
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Sarcopenia with obesity is more likely if dark skin, diabetes, OR COPD (all associated with low vitamin D)
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26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
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Half of obese black teens achieved at least 30 ng of Vitamin D with 5,000 IU daily – June 2018
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Stroke outcome 6.9 X worse if black and overweight (all three related via low vitamin D) – March 2018
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Indoor pollution is a problem with obese black asthmatic children – May 2018
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Blacks are more obese, have lower Vitamin D, and have more Cancer etc. than whites – Feb 2018
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Increase in Vitamin D deficiency with weight and skin darkness – chart – March 2016
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5,000 IU daily or 50,000 IU Vitamin D weekly repleted many dark skinned adolescents – RCT Dec 2015
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Obese diabetics with dark skins not benefit from 6,000 IU of vitamin D daily (no surprise) – RCT March 2015
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African-Americans at high risk of obesity and diabetes - 2011
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Bariatric surgery less than 30 ng of vitamin D – 82 pcnt teens, 100 pcnt of black teens – June 2012
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Low vitamin D associated with obesity-related diseases for ethnic minorities – Sept 2011
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Reasons for low response to vitamin D
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Telomeres improved when obese blacks took 2000 IU of vitamin D daily – Oct 2011
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Black women lacking Calcium and Vitamin D weighed more – Aug 2011
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Dark skinned obese not helped much by weekly 50000 IU dose of vitamin D – May 2011
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Black obese children had low vitamin D and more fat under skin than whites – Mar 2011
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Obesity in American-Indians and African-American teens
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Vitamin D3 in obese and non obese African American children – 2008
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Low vitamin D in teens: especially black or overweight – June 2010
Kidney and Dark Skin - - - - - -
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Vitamin D treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease: monthly better than daily – RCT May 2022
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26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
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Kidney Cancer differences with skin color probably due to vitamin D differences – May 2015
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Blacks have 4X more Kidney disease than whites – probably due to low vitamin D – March 2015
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Blacks have low vitamin D and have 50 percent more kidney failure – Sept 2011
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End stage kidney disease almost 3X more likely for blacks – 2009
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Virtually all black dialysis patients with low albumin are vitamin D deficient in the winter – Mar 2010
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Majority of blacks on dialysis were vitamin D deficient - March 2010
Multiple Sclerosis and Dark Skin - -
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Multiple Sclerosis 42X more likely if light brown skin and smoke (both associated with low vitamin D) – July 2020
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Rate of vitamin D supplementation by Blacks increases 16X after getting Multiple Sclerosis – Feb 2018
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Increased risk of multiple sclerosis risk in African Americans due to genes – June 2013
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Multiple Sclerosis: high incidence in black women than whites (perhaps vitamin D) – May 2013
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Hispanics with MS had lower levels of vitamin D which did not vary seasonally – May 2012
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African-Americans and Multiple Sclerosis
Mortality and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
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US maternal death rate increasing (low D not mentioned) - March 2023
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COVID-19 mortality for Blacks is 5X that for whites in 2 LA Hospitals - July 2021
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COVID-19 was the third-leading cause of death in the US, especially in those with dark skins - April 1, 2021
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Deaths after Cancer Surgery higher in blacks (probably low vitamin D) – Dec 2020
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Shift workers 2X more likely to get COVID-19 (low Vitamin D) - Dec 2020
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COVID-19 was killing dark-skinned doctors, then they got a Vitamin D recommendation
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COVID-19 more frequent and deadly for those with dark skins (high risk of low vitamin D)
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Differences in black and non-black mortality and vitamin D – Oct 2012
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More US deaths due to cancer than heart if dark skinned – Sept 2012
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Telomeres improved when obese blacks took 2000 IU of vitamin D daily – Oct 2011
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Do blacks have a 5 year life penalty due to low vitamin D
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CVD deaths related to low vitamin D, especially in people with dark skin – 2010
Cardiovascular and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
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26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
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After Heart Failure Blacks are 45 percent more likely to re-enter the hospital in a month – Oct 2020
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Hypertension not controlled by 26 ng of Vitamin D (50,000 IU bi-weekly A-A) – RCT Nov 2017
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Cardiovascular death reduction in dark skin migrants by just 1,000 IU of vitamin D – May 2015
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Types of vitamin D, African American teenage girls, and measures of heart fitness – Dec 2014
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Low vitamin D is a risk factor for vascular diseases in African Americans - Aug 2012
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Low vitamin D increases risk of cardiovascular disease in African Americans – 2011
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Low vitamin D associated with obesity-related diseases for ethnic minorities – Sept 2011
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Vitamin D accounts for 25 percent of the racial differences in blood pressure – Oct 2011
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Striking ethnic health disparity – blacks dying due to lack of vitamin D – Nov 2011
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Studies linked low vitamin D and dark skin to Obesity, Diabetes, and heart – June 2011
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50000 IU vitamin D2 weekly helped blacks with heart problems – Feb 2011
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Not yet certain that vitamin D reduces cardiovascular and diabetes in blacks – Mar 2011
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Improved blood flow in blacks with just 2000 IU of vitamin D – Feb 2011
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Calcium with Vitamin D2 then D3 helps A-A after heart failure – Jan 2011
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Aortas of 16 year old blacks helped by 2000 IU of vitamin D – July 2010
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Race CVD and Vitamin D - Newsletter Mar 2010
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VitDCouncilMarch2010
Infant-Child and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
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Newly diagnosed Children with Cancer have low vitamin D, especially if black - May 2022
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Children in India – 1 in 7 extremely low Vitamin D, 1 in 10 prediabetic – Sept 2019
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Pregnant while black increases chance of death – mothers 3X, infants 2X (low Vitamin D) – Feb 2019
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Black infant recurrent wheezing rate dropped from 42 percent to 31 percent with just 400 IU of vitamin D – RCT Dec 2018
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All preteen aged girls in India taking 2,000 IU of vitamin D got levels above 20 ng – RCT Nov 2018
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Low birth weight far more likely if African-American (low vitamin D) – 1997, Aug 2018
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Indoor pollution is a problem with obese black asthmatic children – May 2018
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Crohn's disease in black children is worse in 6 ways – Dec 2015
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Black infants far less likely to be breast-fed (wonder – culture or low Vitamin D) – Aug 2017
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Vitamin D needed to get children to just 20 ng in winter 800 IU white skin, 1100 IU dark (Sweden) – RCT June 2017
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Many US kids have less than 40 ng of Vitamin D – 99 out of 100 blacks, 91 out of 100 whites – Jan 2017
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Small for gestational age with low vitamin D – 3.6X higher for blacks than whites – April 2016
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Type I diabetes in dark skin children associated with low vitamin D if far from equator – Jan 2015
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Dark skinned children were vitamin D deficient in Italy (not infants) – Nov 2014
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Breastfed Infants in Iowa got very little vitamin D, especially if winter or dark skin – July 2013
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Black infants had far lower vitamin D levels which did not vary with season – Jan 2013
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83 percent of children had less than 20 ng of vitamin D – 15 ng avg for hispanic – Aug 2012
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Rickets in 30 percent of infants in India who had low vitamin D – March 2011
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Large increase in dark skin children with vitamin D deficiency in Glasgow – June 2010
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Dark Skinned babies probably need vitamin D to prevent nutritional rickets - 2001
Youths and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
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Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder increasing (2.7X in US Blacks under age 18 in 20 years) – Sept 2018
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Half of obese black teens achieved at least 30 ng of Vitamin D with 5,000 IU daily – June 2018
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Half of US high school students will have dark skins by 2025
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Many US kids have less than 40 ng of Vitamin D – 99 out of 100 blacks, 91 out of 100 whites – Jan 2017
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5,000 IU daily or 50,000 IU Vitamin D weekly repleted many dark skinned adolescents – RCT Dec 2015
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Suicide rate among Native American teens increasing (yet no mention of low vitamin D) – May 2015
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Forearm fracture 3.5X more often in black children with low levels of vitamin D – Sept 2012
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Bariatric surgery less than 30 ng of vitamin D – 82 pcnt teens, 100 pcnt of black teens – June 2012
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5 out of 6 UK dark skinned kids who were vitamin D deficient had no symptoms – May 2012
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Virtually all young Koreans had less than 30 ng of vitamin D – 2012
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97 percent of Native American children have less than 30 ng of vitamin D – Oct 2011
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Dark Skinned youths and vitamin D in Southern Canada - Dissertation 2011
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Vitamin D insufficiency in UK youths – 37X more likely if dark skin – July 2011
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Dark skinned teens use media much more - June 2011
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Black obese children had low vitamin D and more fat under skin than whites – Mar 2011
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Red Alert – one in three pre-teens in Tehran had less than 5 ng of vitamin D – Feb 2011
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South African white children 48 ng vitamin D – black 37 ng – Feb 2011
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2000 IU raised black teens vitamin D level to 34 ng and they lost fat – Oct 2010
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White children in Johannesburg do not need vitamin D supplements – Sept 2010
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Obesity in American-Indians and African-American teens
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Vitamin D and multiracial teens in US – March 2009
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Low vitamin D among black teens – March 2009
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Teens increasingly indoors - especially if dark skin
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Low vitamin D in teens: especially black or overweight – June 2010
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To increase vitamin D levels in children need 1000 or 2000 IU – June 2010
Pain and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
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Vitality recaptured with Vitamin D (stories of Swedish immigrant women in this case) – Dec 2019
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Pain following auto accident is worse if low vitamin D (for African Americans) – April 2015
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Dark skinned in Norway: 1000 IU vitamin D not enough to reduce pain – RCT Sept 2014
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Most immigrant women in Sweden had little vitamin D and lots of muscle pain – May 2013
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Sleep disorder and nonspecific pain implies low vitamin D, especially if dark skin – March 2013
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150,000 IU vitamin D reduced pain in immigrants – RCT Dec 2012
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Blacks had lower vitamin D and more quantifiable pain than whites with knee osteoarthritis – Nov 2012
Intervention and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
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Immune systems of overweight black women improved by monthly 60,000 IU Vitamin D – RCT Oct 2022
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Vitamin D treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease: monthly better than daily – RCT May 2022
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Urgency Urinary Incontinence in senior black women decreased 40 percent by weekly 50,000 IU vitamin D – RCT Dec 2018
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Physical performance of black senior women not improved with 30 ng of Vitamin D – RCT Nov 2018
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Half of obese black teens achieved at least 30 ng of Vitamin D with 5,000 IU daily – June 2018
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Less response to 800 IU of Vitamin D by Africans than natives in Finland – RCT March 2018
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Hypertension not controlled by 26 ng of Vitamin D (50,000 IU bi-weekly A-A) – RCT Nov 2017
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Vitamin D needed to get children to just 20 ng in winter 800 IU white skin, 1100 IU dark (Sweden) – RCT June 2017
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5,000 IU daily or 50,000 IU Vitamin D weekly repleted many dark skinned adolescents – RCT Dec 2015
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Monthly vitamin D (120,000 IU) got most overweight African Americans about 35 ng – RCT July 2015
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Cardiovascular death reduction in dark skin migrants by just 1,000 IU of vitamin D – May 2015
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Sickle cell Vitamin D deficiency corrected with 160 K IU loading dose – July 2014
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Many healthy African Americans got above 33 ng with 4,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT March 2014
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Inflammation in African Americans not reduced with 3 months of 4000 IU of vitamin D – RCT Dec 2013
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150,000 IU vitamin D reduced pain in immigrants – RCT Dec 2012
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14000 IU vitamin D (50000 twice a week) often stops Sickle Cell pain
Genes and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
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Race changes the risk of various health problems, but many questions remain – Sept 2018
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Colon cancer more likely in blacks due to differences in Vitamin D genes (wonder if more Vitamin D would help) – May 2014
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Increased risk of multiple sclerosis risk in African Americans due to genes – June 2013
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Lupus in blacks associated with low vitamin D AND short telomeres – May 2013
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Genes in white blood cells of blacks associated with vitamin D deficiency – May 2013
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Vitamin D Receptor genes bb and BB and Osteoporosis, esp. for blacks – meta-analysis Nov 2012
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Genes may account for some of AA Breast Cancer – April 2012
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Genetic differences explain some of vitamin D variation in African-Americans Dec 2011
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Race vs vitamin D level - Veith May 2011
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Blacks may not need as much Vitamin D (for their bones)
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Hypothesis of Diet disease and pigment variation in humans – April 2010
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The more the African Ancestry, the lower the vitamin D level – July 2010
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Epigenetics and vitamin D – June 2010 clips from the web
Vitamin D Binding Protein and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
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T1 Diabetes 6.5 X more likely in South African Blacks if poor Vitamin D Binding Protein – July 2022
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Sweat types, folate, binding protein, lighter skin in females and Vitamin D – Jan 2020
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10 reasons for poor response to Vitamin D (race, binding protein, etc.) – Nov 2017
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Prostate Cancer risk in black men increased 2X having poor Vitamin D Binding Protein – July 2017
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5,000 IU daily or 50,000 IU Vitamin D weekly repleted many dark skinned adolescents – RCT Dec 2015
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Bioavailable Vitamin D is the same blacks and whites, but measured vit D is not – Oct 2014
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Blacks have lower vitamin D levels, but OK active vitamin D levels (VDBP) - Feb 2015
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Vitamin D-binding protein and vitamin D status of black Americans and white Americans – Nov 2013
Vitamin D Receptor and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
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Cancers and Vitamin D Receptors, including change with race – Feb 2021
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TB risk in Blacks increased 20 percent having poor Vitamin D Receptors – Sept 2017
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Raised skin scars (keloid) have fewer Vitamin D Receptors – Aug 2017
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Prostate cancer in black men is 1.6 times more likely if a poor Vitamin D Receptor – Feb 2017
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Aggressive Prostate Cancer in blacks with low vitamin D – 7X more likely if added Calcium – Jan 2017
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2X less prostate cancer in A-A with low Calcium is due vitamin D receptor gene – July 2013
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Vitamin D Receptor genes bb and BB and Osteoporosis, esp. for blacks – meta-analysis Nov 2012
See also at VitaminDWiki - Dark Skin
- Many healthy African Americans got above 33 ng with 4,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT March 2014
- Low Vitamin D with dark skin, even if live closer to equator and higher altitude – Feb 2013
- US Minorities have poor health – how much is due to little sun – Feb 2013
- Blacks had lower vitamin D and more quantifiable pain than whites with knee osteoarthritis – Nov 2012
- Forearm fracture 3.5X more often in black children with low levels of vitamin D – Sept 2012
- Extra 4,000 IU daily raised the vitamin D levels of blacks to that of whites – July 2012
- Dark skin does not generate as much vitamin D from the same amount of UV – Nov 2011
- The darker the skin the less the vitamin D – July 2010
- Vitamin D insufficiency in UK youths – 37X more likely if dark skin – July 2011
- Blacks born in Africa and moved to US had 27X higher rate of TB than people born in the US 2000-2009
- All items in Skin Color and vitamin D
460 items
- Human skin pigmentation, migration and disease susceptibility – Mar 2012
- 88 % of African immigrants to Melbourne had < 20 ng of vitamin D
- Black veterans have worse health and low vitamin D, yet are not tested as much – June 2011
- Black members of Adventist church have improved health defy health recommends 30 minutes daily sun
- Dark skin people in Norway 2X more deficient and have 3X more headaches if low on vitamin D
- Vitamin D Genes varied seasonally with European but not Asian ancestors – June 2011
- Second generation dark skinned immigrants live shorter lives wonder why
- Somali did not have a word for autism before getting to Canada Vitamin D Council
- Low vitamin D before orthopedic surgery – dark skin 5X more likely – Oct 2010
- Videos: Black doctor 6 minutes CNN Dr. Gupta Dr. Sorenson 1 minute
- Race vs vitamin D level - Veith May 2011 has the following chart
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Teens increasingly indoors 8.5 hours white, 13 hours dark skin
Vitamin D Supplementation in Young White and African American Women, Jan 2014
PDF is attached at the bottom of this page
White Women
African American Women
See also on the Web
- Little variation in vitamin D levels with skin color in Brazil – July 2014 - a different conclusion
- Health Disparities Experienced by Black or African Americans by CDC - US
- Office on Minority Health US
includes Cancer, Diabetes, Heart Disease, HIV/AIDS, Immunization, Infant Mortality, and Stroke
- Black Women's Health Imperative
- Healthy Black Men
- Black Doctor
- Women's Health for African-Americans US
- Black Health Zone
- LA Times June 2012 based on 4 year old data (2008)
A black baby boy will die 5.4 years earlier than white boy
A black baby girl will die 3.7 years earlier than white girl.
The life expectancy for black men 70.8 years, vs 76.2 years for white men
The life expectancy for black women 77.5 years, vs 80.3 years for white women.
- When should medicine talk about race? Part 2: Seven guidelines Scientific American Aug 2012 - no mention of vitamin D
Summarizes a JAMA publication of 2003
- African American Community Mental Health 2012? 1 page, has the following
Across a recent 15-year span, suicide rates increased 233 % among African Americans aged 10-14 compared to 120 % among similar Caucasian Americans
- The vitamin D RDA for African American adults: higher than that for white persons?
Am J Clin Nutr 2014 ajcn.082271; First published online January 22, 2014. Editorial by Cashman KD, no abstract available
Search VitaminDWiki for KD Cashman 84 items as of Jan 2014
- People with dark skins should not have to wear sunscreen all the time July 2014
She says that the Surgeon General and CDC recommend sunscreen ALL of the time for ALL Americans
Dark skins (less vitamin d) = more Alzheimer's
- Good description of Discrimination based on skin color WikiPedia
skin bleaching was a $28 billion/year market in 2008
- White skin - Neanderthal inheritance Dr. Grimes & New Scientist April 2014
short URL for this page = http://is.gd/darkskind
Overview Dark Skin and Vitamin D
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Diabetes and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- T1 Diabetes 6.5 X more likely in South African Blacks if poor Vitamin D Binding Protein – July 2022
- 26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
- Children in India – 1 in 7 extremely low Vitamin D, 1 in 10 prediabetic – Sept 2019
- Blacks die more often than whites of many diseases (they have less vitamin D) – 2012
- Diabetic blacks – 80 percent had low vitamin D (less than 20 ng) a decade before – Sept 2017
- Diabetes is associated with low vitamin D in various races, but not blacks – Sept 2015
- Diabetes (Type 1) 14X more likely in dark skin children with low levels of vitamin D – May 2015
- Obese diabetics with dark skins not benefit from 6,000 IU of vitamin D daily (no surprise) – RCT March 2015
- Diabetic glycation control is inversely related to Vitamin D in India – Feb 2015
- Type I diabetes in dark skin children associated with low vitamin D if far from equator – Jan 2015
- Dr. Holick video on vitamin D - March 2013
- African-Americans at high risk of obesity and diabetes - 2011
- Type 1 Diabetes associated with low vitamin D, especially in dark skinned youths – Dec 2012
- Hyperglycemia in black veterans is associated with low vitamin D – Nov 2012
- Diabetics with darker skin were more vitamin D deficient – May 2012
- Low vitamin D associated with obesity-related diseases for ethnic minorities – Sept 2011
- 97 percent of Native American children have less than 30 ng of vitamin D – Oct 2011
- Diabetic neuropathy and low vitamin D, especially in blacks - July 2011
- Studies linked low vitamin D and dark skin to Obesity, Diabetes, and heart – June 2011
- Not yet certain that vitamin D reduces cardiovascular and diabetes in blacks – Mar 2011
- Diabetes Statistics including more diabetes with darker skin – 2007
- Insulin resistance correlated with low vitamin D levels in Arab Americans – June 2010
- Insulin sensitivity associated with Vit D in A-A April 2010
- Vitamin D deficiency and insulin insensitivity in African Americans - 2010
Pregnancy and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- Preterm Birth 2.7X more likely if low vitamin D (dark skin in this case) - Nov 2023
- Low vitamin D while pregnant – a health emergency (Indonesia in this case) – meta-analysis May 2023
- US maternal death rate increasing (low D not mentioned) - March 2023
- Vitamin D Status May Help Explain Maternal Race and Ethnic Factors in Primary Cesarean Section Delivery – April 2020
- Dark-skin plus low vitamin D in first trimester made preterm birth 2.9 X more likely – Dec 2019
- Low vitamin D in pregnancy linked to potentially harmful vaginal bacteria in black women - May 2019
- Pregnant while black increases chance of death – mothers 3X, infants 2X (low Vitamin D) – Feb 2019
- Depressed black pregnant women should take vitamin D – April 2018
- Bone loss during black pregnancies – 4000 IU of vitamin D was not enough – Dec 2017
- Preterm birth more likely if dark skinned and low vitamin D (not white-skinned) – April 2017
- Dark skin pregnancies 2.6 times more likely to have low vitamin D – March 2017
- Premature birth and infant mortality worse if dark skin (low vitamin D) - 2015
- Autism with intellectual disability 2.5 times more likely if low vitamin D during pregnancy – April 2016
- Ethnicity and low vitamin D levels during pregnancy – Jan 2016
- Metabolites of pregnant blacks vary with vitamin D level – Nov 2014
- Dark-skined mothers: preeclampsia 12X more likely if gestational hypertension – May 2014
- 78 percent of pregnant immigrants in Sweden had less than 10 ng low vitamin D – Nov 2013
- Depression in pregnant blacks strongly associated to vitamin D levels – Nov 2012
- Dr. Holick video on vitamin D - March 2013
- Dark skinned pregnant women far from equator were very vitamin D deficient – Sept 2012
- Pregnant blacks 50 pcnt more likely to be depressed if 3 ng less vitamin D – July 2012
- 80 percent of South Asian Women in UK had less than 10 ng of vitamin D in winter – April 2012
- Blacks have more pre-term births due to low nutrients such as vitamin D – Sept 2011
- Overview Dark skin births and Vitamin D
- Vitamin D and fertility and birth problems with dark skin – Jan 2011
- Very low vitamin D for first pregnancies and those with dark skin – Jan 2011
- 97 percent of pregnant Blacks had less than 32 ng of vitamin D - 2010
- Pregnant women vitamin D insuficiency Black 97 Hispanic 81 White 67 percent – July 2010
Women and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- Menopause is earlier in black women (low vitamin D) - Aug 2023
- Immune systems of overweight black women improved by monthly 60,000 IU Vitamin D – RCT Oct 2022
- Vitality recaptured with Vitamin D (stories of Swedish immigrant women in this case) – Dec 2019
- Pregnant while black increases chance of death – mothers 3X, infants 2X (low Vitamin D) – Feb 2019
- Urgency Urinary Incontinence in senior black women decreased 40 percent by weekly 50,000 IU vitamin D – RCT Dec 2018
- Breast cancer in blacks – 5X increased risk of triple negative if low vitamin D – Oct 2017
- Malay women 14 X more likely to be Vitamin D deficient than Chinese in Malay – July 2017
- CDC vitamin D statistics for women: including blacks and high BMI – March 2012
- Overview Dark skin births and Vitamin D
- Vitamin D levels dropped after training for white, but not black females April 2010
Breast Cancer and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- Cancer of breast is highest in dark-skinned women (low Vitamin D: dark skin and obese) - Feb 2022
- Breast cancer in blacks – 5X increased risk of triple negative if low vitamin D – Oct 2017
- Hypothesis: Vitamin D is related to breast cancer racial disparities in the US - Sept 2012
- Genes may account for some of AA Breast Cancer – April 2012
- Breast cancer worse for black women – Sept 2011
- Breast cancer more deadly for blacks than whites
Rickets and Dark Skin- - - - -
- Rickets in Norway – 93 percent had darker skin (lower vitamin D) – May 2017
- Vitamin D deficiency diseases in dark skinned people living far from equator – Meta-analysis Oct 2013
- Ricket was known to be associated with dark skin and breast feeding a century ago - 2005
- Black Sudanese children 350X more likely to have rickets than other Australians – April 2012
- Rickets in 30 percent of infants in India who had low vitamin D – March 2011
- Dark Skinned babies probably need vitamin D to prevent nutritional rickets - 2001
Hypertension and Dark Skin- - -
- 26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
- Increased health problems in blacks is similar to that of low vitamin D whites (John Singleton Stroke)
- Hypertension is more likely in those with darker skins (low vitamin D) 2017
- Vitamin D different relationship between whites and blacks for bone and plaque – June 2012
- Vitamin D accounts for 25 percent of the racial differences in blood pressure – Oct 2011
- Hypothesis that lack of vitamin D increases blood pressure in blacks – July 2010
Stroke and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
Obesity and Dark Skin - - - - - - -
- Sarcopenia with obesity is more likely if dark skin, diabetes, OR COPD (all associated with low vitamin D)
- 26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
- Half of obese black teens achieved at least 30 ng of Vitamin D with 5,000 IU daily – June 2018
- Stroke outcome 6.9 X worse if black and overweight (all three related via low vitamin D) – March 2018
- Indoor pollution is a problem with obese black asthmatic children – May 2018
- Blacks are more obese, have lower Vitamin D, and have more Cancer etc. than whites – Feb 2018
- Increase in Vitamin D deficiency with weight and skin darkness – chart – March 2016
- 5,000 IU daily or 50,000 IU Vitamin D weekly repleted many dark skinned adolescents – RCT Dec 2015
- Obese diabetics with dark skins not benefit from 6,000 IU of vitamin D daily (no surprise) – RCT March 2015
- African-Americans at high risk of obesity and diabetes - 2011
- Bariatric surgery less than 30 ng of vitamin D – 82 pcnt teens, 100 pcnt of black teens – June 2012
- Low vitamin D associated with obesity-related diseases for ethnic minorities – Sept 2011
- Reasons for low response to vitamin D
- Telomeres improved when obese blacks took 2000 IU of vitamin D daily – Oct 2011
- Black women lacking Calcium and Vitamin D weighed more – Aug 2011
- Dark skinned obese not helped much by weekly 50000 IU dose of vitamin D – May 2011
- Black obese children had low vitamin D and more fat under skin than whites – Mar 2011
- Obesity in American-Indians and African-American teens
- Vitamin D3 in obese and non obese African American children – 2008
- Low vitamin D in teens: especially black or overweight – June 2010
Kidney and Dark Skin - - - - - -
- Vitamin D treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease: monthly better than daily – RCT May 2022
- 26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
- Kidney Cancer differences with skin color probably due to vitamin D differences – May 2015
- Blacks have 4X more Kidney disease than whites – probably due to low vitamin D – March 2015
- Blacks have low vitamin D and have 50 percent more kidney failure – Sept 2011
- End stage kidney disease almost 3X more likely for blacks – 2009
- Virtually all black dialysis patients with low albumin are vitamin D deficient in the winter – Mar 2010
- Majority of blacks on dialysis were vitamin D deficient - March 2010
Multiple Sclerosis and Dark Skin - -
- Multiple Sclerosis 42X more likely if light brown skin and smoke (both associated with low vitamin D) – July 2020
- Rate of vitamin D supplementation by Blacks increases 16X after getting Multiple Sclerosis – Feb 2018
- Increased risk of multiple sclerosis risk in African Americans due to genes – June 2013
- Multiple Sclerosis: high incidence in black women than whites (perhaps vitamin D) – May 2013
- Hispanics with MS had lower levels of vitamin D which did not vary seasonally – May 2012
- African-Americans and Multiple Sclerosis
Mortality and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- US maternal death rate increasing (low D not mentioned) - March 2023
- COVID-19 mortality for Blacks is 5X that for whites in 2 LA Hospitals - July 2021
- COVID-19 was the third-leading cause of death in the US, especially in those with dark skins - April 1, 2021
- Deaths after Cancer Surgery higher in blacks (probably low vitamin D) – Dec 2020
- Shift workers 2X more likely to get COVID-19 (low Vitamin D) - Dec 2020
- COVID-19 was killing dark-skinned doctors, then they got a Vitamin D recommendation
- COVID-19 more frequent and deadly for those with dark skins (high risk of low vitamin D)
- Differences in black and non-black mortality and vitamin D – Oct 2012
- More US deaths due to cancer than heart if dark skinned – Sept 2012
- Telomeres improved when obese blacks took 2000 IU of vitamin D daily – Oct 2011
- Do blacks have a 5 year life penalty due to low vitamin D
- CVD deaths related to low vitamin D, especially in people with dark skin – 2010
Cardiovascular and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- 26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
- After Heart Failure Blacks are 45 percent more likely to re-enter the hospital in a month – Oct 2020
- Hypertension not controlled by 26 ng of Vitamin D (50,000 IU bi-weekly A-A) – RCT Nov 2017
- Cardiovascular death reduction in dark skin migrants by just 1,000 IU of vitamin D – May 2015
- Types of vitamin D, African American teenage girls, and measures of heart fitness – Dec 2014
- Low vitamin D is a risk factor for vascular diseases in African Americans - Aug 2012
- Low vitamin D increases risk of cardiovascular disease in African Americans – 2011
- Low vitamin D associated with obesity-related diseases for ethnic minorities – Sept 2011
- Vitamin D accounts for 25 percent of the racial differences in blood pressure – Oct 2011
- Striking ethnic health disparity – blacks dying due to lack of vitamin D – Nov 2011
- Studies linked low vitamin D and dark skin to Obesity, Diabetes, and heart – June 2011
- 50000 IU vitamin D2 weekly helped blacks with heart problems – Feb 2011
- Not yet certain that vitamin D reduces cardiovascular and diabetes in blacks – Mar 2011
- Improved blood flow in blacks with just 2000 IU of vitamin D – Feb 2011
- Calcium with Vitamin D2 then D3 helps A-A after heart failure – Jan 2011
- Aortas of 16 year old blacks helped by 2000 IU of vitamin D – July 2010
- Race CVD and Vitamin D - Newsletter Mar 2010
- VitDCouncilMarch2010
Infant-Child and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- Newly diagnosed Children with Cancer have low vitamin D, especially if black - May 2022
- Children in India – 1 in 7 extremely low Vitamin D, 1 in 10 prediabetic – Sept 2019
- Pregnant while black increases chance of death – mothers 3X, infants 2X (low Vitamin D) – Feb 2019
- Black infant recurrent wheezing rate dropped from 42 percent to 31 percent with just 400 IU of vitamin D – RCT Dec 2018
- All preteen aged girls in India taking 2,000 IU of vitamin D got levels above 20 ng – RCT Nov 2018
- Low birth weight far more likely if African-American (low vitamin D) – 1997, Aug 2018
- Indoor pollution is a problem with obese black asthmatic children – May 2018
- Crohn's disease in black children is worse in 6 ways – Dec 2015
- Black infants far less likely to be breast-fed (wonder – culture or low Vitamin D) – Aug 2017
- Vitamin D needed to get children to just 20 ng in winter 800 IU white skin, 1100 IU dark (Sweden) – RCT June 2017
- Many US kids have less than 40 ng of Vitamin D – 99 out of 100 blacks, 91 out of 100 whites – Jan 2017
- Small for gestational age with low vitamin D – 3.6X higher for blacks than whites – April 2016
- Type I diabetes in dark skin children associated with low vitamin D if far from equator – Jan 2015
- Dark skinned children were vitamin D deficient in Italy (not infants) – Nov 2014
- Breastfed Infants in Iowa got very little vitamin D, especially if winter or dark skin – July 2013
- Black infants had far lower vitamin D levels which did not vary with season – Jan 2013
- 83 percent of children had less than 20 ng of vitamin D – 15 ng avg for hispanic – Aug 2012
- Rickets in 30 percent of infants in India who had low vitamin D – March 2011
- Large increase in dark skin children with vitamin D deficiency in Glasgow – June 2010
- Dark Skinned babies probably need vitamin D to prevent nutritional rickets - 2001
Youths and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder increasing (2.7X in US Blacks under age 18 in 20 years) – Sept 2018
- Half of obese black teens achieved at least 30 ng of Vitamin D with 5,000 IU daily – June 2018
- Half of US high school students will have dark skins by 2025
- Many US kids have less than 40 ng of Vitamin D – 99 out of 100 blacks, 91 out of 100 whites – Jan 2017
- 5,000 IU daily or 50,000 IU Vitamin D weekly repleted many dark skinned adolescents – RCT Dec 2015
- Suicide rate among Native American teens increasing (yet no mention of low vitamin D) – May 2015
- Forearm fracture 3.5X more often in black children with low levels of vitamin D – Sept 2012
- Bariatric surgery less than 30 ng of vitamin D – 82 pcnt teens, 100 pcnt of black teens – June 2012
- 5 out of 6 UK dark skinned kids who were vitamin D deficient had no symptoms – May 2012
- Virtually all young Koreans had less than 30 ng of vitamin D – 2012
- 97 percent of Native American children have less than 30 ng of vitamin D – Oct 2011
- Dark Skinned youths and vitamin D in Southern Canada - Dissertation 2011
- Vitamin D insufficiency in UK youths – 37X more likely if dark skin – July 2011
- Dark skinned teens use media much more - June 2011
- Black obese children had low vitamin D and more fat under skin than whites – Mar 2011
- Red Alert – one in three pre-teens in Tehran had less than 5 ng of vitamin D – Feb 2011
- South African white children 48 ng vitamin D – black 37 ng – Feb 2011
- 2000 IU raised black teens vitamin D level to 34 ng and they lost fat – Oct 2010
- White children in Johannesburg do not need vitamin D supplements – Sept 2010
- Obesity in American-Indians and African-American teens
- Vitamin D and multiracial teens in US – March 2009
- Low vitamin D among black teens – March 2009
- Teens increasingly indoors - especially if dark skin
- Low vitamin D in teens: especially black or overweight – June 2010
- To increase vitamin D levels in children need 1000 or 2000 IU – June 2010
Pain and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- Vitality recaptured with Vitamin D (stories of Swedish immigrant women in this case) – Dec 2019
- Pain following auto accident is worse if low vitamin D (for African Americans) – April 2015
- Dark skinned in Norway: 1000 IU vitamin D not enough to reduce pain – RCT Sept 2014
- Most immigrant women in Sweden had little vitamin D and lots of muscle pain – May 2013
- Sleep disorder and nonspecific pain implies low vitamin D, especially if dark skin – March 2013
- 150,000 IU vitamin D reduced pain in immigrants – RCT Dec 2012
- Blacks had lower vitamin D and more quantifiable pain than whites with knee osteoarthritis – Nov 2012
Intervention and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- Immune systems of overweight black women improved by monthly 60,000 IU Vitamin D – RCT Oct 2022
- Vitamin D treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease: monthly better than daily – RCT May 2022
- Urgency Urinary Incontinence in senior black women decreased 40 percent by weekly 50,000 IU vitamin D – RCT Dec 2018
- Physical performance of black senior women not improved with 30 ng of Vitamin D – RCT Nov 2018
- Half of obese black teens achieved at least 30 ng of Vitamin D with 5,000 IU daily – June 2018
- Less response to 800 IU of Vitamin D by Africans than natives in Finland – RCT March 2018
- Hypertension not controlled by 26 ng of Vitamin D (50,000 IU bi-weekly A-A) – RCT Nov 2017
- Vitamin D needed to get children to just 20 ng in winter 800 IU white skin, 1100 IU dark (Sweden) – RCT June 2017
- 5,000 IU daily or 50,000 IU Vitamin D weekly repleted many dark skinned adolescents – RCT Dec 2015
- Monthly vitamin D (120,000 IU) got most overweight African Americans about 35 ng – RCT July 2015
- Cardiovascular death reduction in dark skin migrants by just 1,000 IU of vitamin D – May 2015
- Sickle cell Vitamin D deficiency corrected with 160 K IU loading dose – July 2014
- Many healthy African Americans got above 33 ng with 4,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT March 2014
- Inflammation in African Americans not reduced with 3 months of 4000 IU of vitamin D – RCT Dec 2013
- 150,000 IU vitamin D reduced pain in immigrants – RCT Dec 2012
- 14000 IU vitamin D (50000 twice a week) often stops Sickle Cell pain
Genes and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- Race changes the risk of various health problems, but many questions remain – Sept 2018
- Colon cancer more likely in blacks due to differences in Vitamin D genes (wonder if more Vitamin D would help) – May 2014
- Increased risk of multiple sclerosis risk in African Americans due to genes – June 2013
- Lupus in blacks associated with low vitamin D AND short telomeres – May 2013
- Genes in white blood cells of blacks associated with vitamin D deficiency – May 2013
- Vitamin D Receptor genes bb and BB and Osteoporosis, esp. for blacks – meta-analysis Nov 2012
- Genes may account for some of AA Breast Cancer – April 2012
- Genetic differences explain some of vitamin D variation in African-Americans Dec 2011
- Race vs vitamin D level - Veith May 2011
- Blacks may not need as much Vitamin D (for their bones)
- Hypothesis of Diet disease and pigment variation in humans – April 2010
- The more the African Ancestry, the lower the vitamin D level – July 2010
- Epigenetics and vitamin D – June 2010 clips from the web
Vitamin D Binding Protein and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- T1 Diabetes 6.5 X more likely in South African Blacks if poor Vitamin D Binding Protein – July 2022
- Sweat types, folate, binding protein, lighter skin in females and Vitamin D – Jan 2020
- 10 reasons for poor response to Vitamin D (race, binding protein, etc.) – Nov 2017
- Prostate Cancer risk in black men increased 2X having poor Vitamin D Binding Protein – July 2017
- 5,000 IU daily or 50,000 IU Vitamin D weekly repleted many dark skinned adolescents – RCT Dec 2015
- Bioavailable Vitamin D is the same blacks and whites, but measured vit D is not – Oct 2014
- Blacks have lower vitamin D levels, but OK active vitamin D levels (VDBP) - Feb 2015
- Vitamin D-binding protein and vitamin D status of black Americans and white Americans – Nov 2013
Vitamin D Receptor and Dark Skin- - - - - - -
- Cancers and Vitamin D Receptors, including change with race – Feb 2021
- TB risk in Blacks increased 20 percent having poor Vitamin D Receptors – Sept 2017
- Raised skin scars (keloid) have fewer Vitamin D Receptors – Aug 2017
- Prostate cancer in black men is 1.6 times more likely if a poor Vitamin D Receptor – Feb 2017
- Aggressive Prostate Cancer in blacks with low vitamin D – 7X more likely if added Calcium – Jan 2017
- 2X less prostate cancer in A-A with low Calcium is due vitamin D receptor gene – July 2013
- Vitamin D Receptor genes bb and BB and Osteoporosis, esp. for blacks – meta-analysis Nov 2012
See also at VitaminDWiki - Dark Skin
- Many healthy African Americans got above 33 ng with 4,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT March 2014
- Low Vitamin D with dark skin, even if live closer to equator and higher altitude – Feb 2013
- US Minorities have poor health – how much is due to little sun – Feb 2013
- Blacks had lower vitamin D and more quantifiable pain than whites with knee osteoarthritis – Nov 2012
- Forearm fracture 3.5X more often in black children with low levels of vitamin D – Sept 2012
- Extra 4,000 IU daily raised the vitamin D levels of blacks to that of whites – July 2012
- Dark skin does not generate as much vitamin D from the same amount of UV – Nov 2011
- The darker the skin the less the vitamin D – July 2010
- Vitamin D insufficiency in UK youths – 37X more likely if dark skin – July 2011
- Blacks born in Africa and moved to US had 27X higher rate of TB than people born in the US 2000-2009
- All items in Skin Color and vitamin D
460 items - Human skin pigmentation, migration and disease susceptibility – Mar 2012
- 88 % of African immigrants to Melbourne had < 20 ng of vitamin D
- Black veterans have worse health and low vitamin D, yet are not tested as much – June 2011
- Black members of Adventist church have improved health defy health recommends 30 minutes daily sun
- Dark skin people in Norway 2X more deficient and have 3X more headaches if low on vitamin D
- Vitamin D Genes varied seasonally with European but not Asian ancestors – June 2011
- Second generation dark skinned immigrants live shorter lives wonder why
- Somali did not have a word for autism before getting to Canada Vitamin D Council
- Low vitamin D before orthopedic surgery – dark skin 5X more likely – Oct 2010
- Videos: Black doctor 6 minutes CNN Dr. Gupta Dr. Sorenson 1 minute
- Race vs vitamin D level - Veith May 2011 has the following chart
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Teens increasingly indoors 8.5 hours white, 13 hours dark skin
Vitamin D Supplementation in Young White and African American Women, Jan 2014
PDF is attached at the bottom of this page
White WomenAfrican American Women
See also on the Web
- Little variation in vitamin D levels with skin color in Brazil – July 2014 - a different conclusion
- Health Disparities Experienced by Black or African Americans by CDC - US
- Office on Minority Health US
includes Cancer, Diabetes, Heart Disease, HIV/AIDS, Immunization, Infant Mortality, and Stroke - Black Women's Health Imperative
- Healthy Black Men
- Black Doctor
- Women's Health for African-Americans US
- Black Health Zone
- LA Times June 2012 based on 4 year old data (2008)
A black baby boy will die 5.4 years earlier than white boy
A black baby girl will die 3.7 years earlier than white girl.
The life expectancy for black men 70.8 years, vs 76.2 years for white men
The life expectancy for black women 77.5 years, vs 80.3 years for white women. - When should medicine talk about race? Part 2: Seven guidelines Scientific American Aug 2012 - no mention of vitamin D
Summarizes a JAMA publication of 2003 - African American Community Mental Health 2012? 1 page, has the following
Across a recent 15-year span, suicide rates increased 233 % among African Americans aged 10-14 compared to 120 % among similar Caucasian Americans - The vitamin D RDA for African American adults: higher than that for white persons?
Am J Clin Nutr 2014 ajcn.082271; First published online January 22, 2014. Editorial by Cashman KD, no abstract available
Search VitaminDWiki for KD Cashman 84 items as of Jan 2014 - People with dark skins should not have to wear sunscreen all the time July 2014
She says that the Surgeon General and CDC recommend sunscreen ALL of the time for ALL Americans
Dark skins (less vitamin d) = more Alzheimer's
- Good description of Discrimination based on skin color WikiPedia
skin bleaching was a $28 billion/year market in 2008 - White skin - Neanderthal inheritance Dr. Grimes & New Scientist April 2014
short URL for this page = http://is.gd/darkskind
Overview Dark Skin and Vitamin D94397 visitors, last modified 03 Dec, 2023, This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)Attached files
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