Prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses in preterm and full-term children, adolescents and young adults: a meta-analysis
Psychological Medicine, Published online: 20 May 2011
A. C. Burnetta1a2a3 aburnett at unimelb.edu.au, P. J. Andersona3a4, J. Cheonga3a5a6, L. W. Doylea3a4a5a6, C. G. Daveya2a7 and S. J. Wooda2a8
a1 Department of Psychology, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
a2 Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia
a3 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
a4 Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
a5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
a6 Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, VIC, Australia
a7 Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
a8 School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
Background Preterm (PT) birth and low birth weight (LBW) are high-prevalence events that are associated with adverse outcomes in the longer term, with vulnerability increasing as maturity at birth decreases. Psychiatric symptomatology appears heightened in PT/LBW survivors, though there are some discordant findings from studies using questionnaire measures, particularly with respect to anxiety and depressive symptoms.
Method This article synthesises findings from research using clinical psychiatric diagnostic criteria in PT/LBW individuals aged 10–25 years compared with term-born peers.
Key outcomes of interest were the rates of individuals receiving any psychiatric diagnosis and the number of diagnoses of anxiety or depressive disorders.
Results A literature search for studies reporting prevalence of ‘any diagnosis’ yielded five studies that met inclusion criteria, with a total of 565 PT/LBW and 533 control individuals.
Also, five studies were found that reported rates of anxiety/depression (692 PT/LBW and 605 control individuals).
The risk of these outcomes was increased for PT/LBW individuals compared with controls
- any diagnosis: odds ratio (OR) 3.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57–5.21;
- anxiety or depressive disorder: OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.73–4.73.
Conclusions The studies reviewed here indicate that, in addition to monitoring and management of medical and cognitive sequelae, the psychological well-being of PT/LBW individuals should be a key part of ongoing care.
Facts
- Mothers with low vitamin D are 2X more likely to have premature / low birth weight infants
- Infants born with low vitamin D have many vitamin D deficiency problems for decades to come.
- Vitamin D reduces stress (reduce anxiety)
See also VitaminDWiki
- Premature delivery associated with low vitamin D in Japanese women – Mar 2011
- Why vitamin D reduces of premature birth - April 2011
- Overview Moms babies and vitamin D
- Vitamin D is number one stress buster – Huntington Post May 2010
- # 2 reason is being low on Magnesium - a Vitamin D co-factor
- Preemies have increased need for vitamin D and Calcium (Rickets)– May 2013
VitaminDWiki items in categories: Meta-analyses of Pregnancy and Vitamin D
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- Vitamin D reduces: pre-eclampia 1.6 X, postpartum dep. 3.6 X, autism 1.5X etc. - meta-analysis March 2024
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- Yet another reason to take Vitamin D while pregnant – fight COVID - meta-analysis May 2023
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- Preeclampsia reduced by 33 percent if high vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2023
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- Miscarriage 1.6 X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2022
- Recurrent Miscarriage 4X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis June 2022
- Pregnancy problems (LBW, PTB, SGA) associated with low vitamin D, 42nd meta-analysis – March 2022
- Low Vitamin D associated with preeclampsia - meta-analysis Feb 2022
- Low Vitamin D associated with pre-eclampsia -40th meta-analysis – Feb 2022
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- Anemia 1.6 X more likely during pregnancy if low Vitamin D – meta-analysis Dec 2021
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- Need at least 6,000 IU daily while breastfeeding to eliminate Vitamin D deficiency – meta-analysis Oct 2021
- Gestational diabetes risk reduced 1.5X by Vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2021
- Gestational Diabetes – increased risk if poor Vitamin D Receptor – 2 Meta-Analyses 2021
- Small vitamin D doses given during pregnancy do not reduce childhood asthma – meta-analysis Dec 2020
- Multiple Sclerosis 40 percent more likely if mother had low vitamin D – meta-analysis Jan 2020
- Pregnancies helped by Vitamin D (insulin and birth weight in this case) – meta-analysis Oct 2019
- Preeclampsia 2.7 X less likely if 50,000 IU of Vitamin D every 2 weeks – meta-analysis Sept 2019
- Autism risk increased 30 percent by Cesareans (both low vitamin D) – meta-analysis Sept 2019
- Vitamin D treats Gestational Diabetes, decreases hospitalization and newborn complications – meta-analysis March 2019
- Birth size and weight increased by Vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2019
- Pregnancies helped by Vitamin D in many ways – 27th meta-analysis Jan 2019
- Vitamin D supplementation reduced SGA, fetal mortality, infant mortality – JAMA Meta – May 2018
- Gestational Diabetes 39 percent more likely if insufficient Vitamin D – Meta-analysis March 2018
- Preeclampsia reduced 2X by Vitamin D, by 5X if also add Calcium – meta-analysis Oct 2017
- Preeclampsia risk reduced 60 percent if supplement with Vitamin D (they ignored dose size) – meta-analysis Sept 2017
- Small for gestational age is 1.6 X more likely if mother was vitamin D deficient – meta-analysis Aug 2017
- Miscarriage 2 times more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2017
- Fewer than half of pregnancies will get even 20 ng of vitamin D with 800 IU daily dose – meta-analysis May 2017
- Low Vitamin D results in adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes – Wagner meta-analysis March 2017
- Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy increased prematurity risk by 60 percent - meta-analysis 1999
- Preterm birth rate reduced by 43 percent with adequate Vitamin D supplementation – meta-analysis Feb 2017
- Vitamin D during pregnancy reduces risk of childhood asthma by 13 percent – meta-analysis Dec 2016
- Vitamin D helps during pregnancy – meta-analysis Feb 2016
- Preterm birth 30 percent more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2016
- Preterm birth extended by 2 weeks with Omega-3 – Meta-analysis Nov 2015
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 1.5X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Oct 2015
- Infant wheezing 40 percent less likely if mother supplemented with vitamin D, vitamin E, or Zinc – meta-analysis Aug 2015
- Birth weight and length increased with high levels of vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2015
- Pregnancy and Vitamin D – meta-analysis April 2015
- More vitamin D needed during pregnancy – meta-analysis Oct 2014
- Preeclampsia rate cut in half by high level of vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2014
- Preeclampsia 2.7X more frequent if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2013
- 2X more preeclampsia when vitamin D less than 30 ng, etc. - meta-analysis March 2013
- 2X more likely to have preeclampsia if less than 20 ng of vitamin D – Meta-analysis Jan 2013
VitaminDWiki items in categories: Depression and Youth
- International Adolescent Anxiety and suicide rates - GBD April 2024
- Depression cost-effectively reduced by 50,000 IU of Vitamin D monthly (Iranian teens) – July 2023
- 2.5 X more health compaints in children and youths if low vitamin D – Jan 2021
- Why is teen anxiety increasing so much (no mention of Magnesium, Vitamin D nor Omega-3) – Oct 2017
- Depression 7X more likely in male youths if low vitamin D - Oct 2014
- Depression in youths associated with low vitamin D during pregnancy – Oct 2014
- Suicide rate among Native American teens increasing (yet no mention of low vitamin D) – May 2015
- Low Vitamin D Permeates All Stages of Psychosis – April 2015
- Teens no longer depressed after vitamin D raised to 36 ng – Feb 2012
- Psychiatric disorders 4X more likely in teens if low vitamin D - Nov 2011