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Arteries and Atherosclerosis and Vitamin D - many studies

74+ VitaminDWiki pages with ARTERIES OR ATHEROSCLEROSIS OR CALCIFICATION in title

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Items found: 74

Perplexity & Deep Reasoning on Vitamin D and Atherosclerosis - Feb 2025

Starts with
Atherosclerosis, characterized by chronic arterial plaque formation, remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence positions vitamin D as a critical modulator of atherosclerotic pathways, influencing endothelial function, immune regulation, and vascular homeostasis. This review synthesizes mechanistic insights and clinical evidence to elucidate how vitamin D deficiency exacerbates atherosclerosis while exploring the therapeutic potential of supplementation.
Therapeutic Implications and Future Directions
Supplementation Strategies
Current evidence supports targeting 25(OH)D levels of 30–50 ng/mL for cardiovascular protection. Doses of 2,000–4,000 IU/day are generally safe, though obese individuals and those with malabsorption may require higher intake. Combining vitamin D with calcium warrants caution, as co-supplementation may blunt blood pressure benefits despite enhancing PTH suppression.

Personalized Approaches
Genomic studies identify VDR polymorphisms (e.g., BsmI, FokI) that influence vitamin D responsiveness. Carriers of the FokI ff genotype exhibit stronger anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting pharmacogenomic tailoring could optimize outcomes1213. Subgroup analyses also indicate heightened benefits in deficient populations with elevated hs-CRP or hypertension

Novel Pathways and Senescence
Emerging research links vitamin D to cellular senescence—a driver of vascular aging. Vitamin D mitigates senescent cell accumulation in plaques by upregulating klotho and suppressing p16INK4a, potentially delaying atherosclerosis progression. Local intracrine signaling within adipose tissue and macrophages may also modulate plaque stability independently of systemic levels, opening avenues for tissue-targeted therapies

VitaminDWiki – Hypertension category contains

169 items in the category HYPERTENSION

see also
Overview Overview Hypertension and Vitamin D
Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
Overview Stroke and vitamin D
Incidence of 22 health problems related to vitamin D have doubled in a decade
Some interesting Hypertension studies

VitaminDWiki – Metabolic Syndrome contains

107 items

See also

344+ VitaminDWiki Cardiovascular pages with VITAMIN D in the title

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Items found: 380
Title Modified
Cardiac rehabilitation had more power if more than 20 nanograms of vitamin D – April 2015 26 Apr, 2016
Coronary Heart Disease 3 times more likely if endometriosis before age 40 (vitamin D not mentioned) – March 2016 31 Mar, 2016
Heart problems are reduced with vitamin D – Heart month Feb 2016 04 Feb, 2016
Exercise capacity (VO2) 25 percent higher if high level of vitamin D – Dec 2015 23 Jan, 2016
Cardiovascular Disease and vitamin D – no proof yet – Sept 2015 24 Dec, 2015
Congenital Heart problems - vitamin D levels drop even lower after surgery, loading dose probably required - thesis 2015 07 Dec, 2015
Heart disease 2.9 X more likely if essential hypertension person has low vitamin D – Jan 2016 29 Nov, 2015
Atrial fibrillation and low vitamin D: both types of AF are very low – Jan 2014 01 Nov, 2015
Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes helped by Vitamin D – most 2013-15 studies agree 24 Oct, 2015
Chronic Heart Failure not treated by Vitamin D, if dose size is ignored – meta-analysis Oct 2015 20 Oct, 2015
Congestive heart failure in infants virtually cured by 1000 IU of vitamin D – RCT Feb 2012 20 Oct, 2015
More vitamin D makes for better health – dissertation based on Rotterdam studies – Oct 2015 18 Oct, 2015
Peripheral Arterial Disease 3X less prevalent at 40 ng of vitamin D – 2008 15 Oct, 2015
Vitamin D and peripheral arterial disease – Nov 2011 15 Oct, 2015
Vitamin D not associated with PAD after adjusting for race, diabetes and BMI – July 2012 15 Oct, 2015
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol is predictable from vitamin D levels – meta-analysis March 2012 09 Aug, 2015
Vitamin D protects against many types of health problems – review May 2013 19 Jul, 2015
Blackouts due to low blood pressure associated with 8 nanograms lower vitamin D - July 2012 24 Jun, 2015
Links between Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiovascular Diseases – April 2015 10 Jun, 2015
Cardiovascular Diseases and Vitamin D – Review Feb 2015 31 May, 2015
2X more complications after heart surgery associated with high level of vitamin D – Jan 2013 31 May, 2015
Cardiovascular system benefits from both Omega-3 and vitamin D – Dec 2012 14 May, 2015
Vitamin D, the autonomic nervous system, and cardiovascular risk - Editorial April 2015 10 May, 2015
Atrial fibrillation reduced with modest vitamin D levels (did not consider Magnesium) – May 2015 05 May, 2015
Higher vitamin D levels associated with health and lower risk of atrial fibrillation – May 2015 02 May, 2015
One statin decreased vitamin D levels but the other did not – March 2010 14 Apr, 2015
Not all statins increase vitamin D levels – Dec 2010 14 Apr, 2015
Heart failure markers reduced by 400 IU of vitamin D and Calcium (surprise) – RCT Jan 2015 18 Mar, 2015
More blood was pumped by those getting 800,000 IU of vitamin D after heart failure – RCT Oct 2013 16 Mar, 2015
4000 IU vitamin D daily for just 5 days reduced inflammation after heart attack – RCT Jan 2013 16 Mar, 2015
7100 IU vitamin D2 for 3 months did not treat Coronary Artery Disease – Nov 2012 16 Mar, 2015
Athletes (national-level) with less than 10 ng of vitamin D had smaller hearts – Jan 2014 09 Mar, 2015
Active vitamin D decreased atrial fibrillation occurrence by 9X and duration by 77X (rabbits) – March 2014 13 Feb, 2015
Low Vitamin D – 2X more likely to have premie AND mother later to have heart problems – Feb 2015 12 Feb, 2015
Heart Failure early death 2X more likely if less than 20 nanograms of vitamin D – June 2012 11 Feb, 2015
Salmon intervention (vitamin D and Omega-3) improved heart rate variability and reduced anxiety – Nov 2014 11 Feb, 2015
Children with low vitamin D were 1.8 X more likely to have poor arteries 27 years later – Feb 2015 11 Feb, 2015
Vitamin D Deficiency may be an Independent Risk Factor for Arterial Disease – July 2012 03 Feb, 2015
High triglyceride and cholesterol associated with low vitamin D in postmenopausal women – Dec 2014 22 Jan, 2015
Vitamin D and CVD - potential mechanisms and novel perspectives - 2013 21 Jan, 2015
Types of vitamin D, African American teenage girls, and measures of heart fitness – Dec 2014 28 Dec, 2014
Coronary Artery Enlargement associated with low levels of vitamin D – Nov 2014 10 Dec, 2014
Sudden cardiac arrest 6X worse outcome if low vitamin D – Nov 2014 08 Dec, 2014
Statins with low vitamin D increased chance of musculoskeletal pain by 2X – Jan 2015 29 Nov, 2014
Hypothesis: Diabetes association with CVD is via Vitamin D – Sept 2012 24 Nov, 2014
1700 IU vitamin D for a year provided no cardiovascular benefit (no surprise) – RCT Oct 2014 01 Nov, 2014
Statin pain associated with 10 ng less vitamin D – meta-analysis Oct 2014 24 Oct, 2014
Yet again – 1700 IU vitamin D average does not reduce heart problems – March 2012 04 Oct, 2014
Inflammatory diseases: review of vitamin D, with many tables – May 2014 30 Sep, 2014
92 percent had low vitamin D before heart surgery– Oct 2014 22 Sep, 2014
Half as many heart deaths for those with high levels of vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2012 22 Sep, 2014
Cardiovascular disease 50 % more likely if low vitamin D - meta-analysis Nov 2012 22 Sep, 2014
Stiff arteries in seniors associated with low vitamin D levels – July 2012 21 Sep, 2014
Major Heart attacks occur 40 percent more often if vitamin D lower than 7 ng – Feb 2013 17 Sep, 2014
Major ECG abnormalities associated with low vitamin D and death – Sept 2014 17 Sep, 2014
Cardiovascular Disease is associated with lack of Vitamin D - meets most of Hill's Criteria -Aug 2014 03 Sep, 2014
Seniors with Heart Failure helped by daily 4,000 IU of vitamin D (increase 16 ng) – RCT Aug 2014 25 Jul, 2014
Risk of Cardiac failure reduced 20 percent by 800 IU of vitamin D and Calcium – meta-analysis July 2014 25 Jul, 2014
Soft Bones, Hard Arteries, Vitamin D, Vitamin K2 and antibiotics – Sept 2012 20 Jul, 2014
Coronary artery disease extent is associated with extent of vitamin D deficiency – April 2014 04 Apr, 2014
Hearts responded to stress better after 5,000 IU of vitamin D for a month - March 2014 11 Mar, 2014
Atherogenesis, atherosclerosis and vitamin D – review Dec 2013 21 Feb, 2014
Youthful heart attacks associated with low vitamin D – Nov 2010 18 Feb, 2014
Cardiovascular Disease and vitamin D – review 2013 03 Feb, 2014
Heart is helped by Vitamin D in many ways, still unsure about dose size – Jan 2014 18 Jan, 2014
24X less Calcification of Aorta for PAD with modest level of vitamin D – Aug 2011 21 Dec, 2013
Aortic Calcification 85 percent more likely if vitamin D level lower than 29 ng – June 2012 21 Dec, 2013
Does C-Reactive Protein increase modestly with vitamin D – Jan 2012 20 Dec, 2013
Atrial Fibrillation associated with lower levels of vitamin D – July 2012 13 Dec, 2013
Vitamin D decreases incidence of disease 29 Nov, 2013
Vitamin D is not a cardiovascular fad like Vitamins C, E, Folic Acid, selenium, beta-caroteen, etc. – Circulation Nov 2013 26 Nov, 2013
Protective cardiovascular and renal actions of vitamin D and sex hormones – June 2013 14 Nov, 2013
Heart pumped more blood after heart failure if more vitamin D – Nov 2010 27 Oct, 2013
Vitamin D significantly lowers macrophage adhesion to prevent arterial clots (in diabetics)– Nov 2012 07 Oct, 2013
Cholesterol, Vitamins D3 and K2, heart disease, sulfates, LDL, – Masterjohn Interview Jan 2013 30 Sep, 2013
Coronary artery disease 5.8X more likely if vitamin D level is less than 30 ng – Nov 2012 24 Sep, 2013
Almost 6X more likely to die after coronary bypass if vitamin D deficient – Dec 2012 24 Sep, 2013
Vitamin D deficiency is an independent cardiovascular risk factor – July 2013 04 Aug, 2013
Large abdominal aortic aneurysm 5.4X less frequent if have lots of vitamin D – June 2013 13 Jul, 2013
Increased probability of chest aorta aneurisms with low vitamin D – Nov 2012 13 Jul, 2013
Chronic Heart Failure helped with 2,000 IU of vitamin D (PRA reduced) – RCT June 2013 30 Jun, 2013
Hypothesis: Low maternal vitamin D increases probability of heart disease later in adult – May 2013 31 May, 2013
Heart Damage and low vitamin D greatly increases chance of dying - April 2013 07 May, 2013
Vitamin D accounts for 25 percent of the racial differences in blood pressure – Oct 2011 22 Apr, 2013
Faster heart rate and higher systolic blood pressure associated with low vitamin D – Jan 2010 22 Apr, 2013
Heart failure 2X more likely if less than 20 ng of vitamin D – Sept 2012 13 Apr, 2013
Lacking data, claimed evidence of cardiac probems if too much vitamin D – March 2013 27 Mar, 2013
Review of role of Vitamin D in Cardiometabolic diseases – Jan 2013 10 Mar, 2013
Low vitamin D increases risk of cardiovascular disease in African Americans – 2011 21 Jan, 2013
Low vitamin D is a risk factor for vascular diseases in African Americans - Aug 2012 21 Jan, 2013
Predicted cardiac surgery death associated with low vitamin D levels – Dec 2012 20 Jan, 2013
14X more likely to die after first cardiovascular event if vitamin D deficient – Nov 2012 09 Dec, 2012
Heart attacks did not reduce vitamin D levels - July 2012 15 Nov, 2012
Vitamin D level higher than 30 ng reduces diabetic blood clotting – Nov 2012 13 Nov, 2012
Vitamin D associated with tPA (heart) for 50 year olds in UK – May 2010 12 Nov, 2012
50000 IU vitamin D2 weekly helped blacks with heart problems – Feb 2011 10 Nov, 2012
Cardiovascular risk factors in children associated with low vitamin D – May 2012 10 Nov, 2012
Studies linked low vitamin D and dark skin to Obesity, Diabetes, and heart – June 2011 10 Nov, 2012
Heart patients 10 percent more likely to die for every 4 ng less vitamin D – May 2011 09 Nov, 2012
Best heart geometry associated with vitamin D of 30-37 ng – Oct 2012 30 Oct, 2012

133,000 medical papers on Atherosclerosis and "Vitamin D" (Feb 2025)

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  • Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease, with Emphasis on Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, and Heart Failure - Sept 2020 - DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186483 FREE PDF
  • Vitamin D and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease - April 2019 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00194 FREE PDF
  • Clinical and biomarker modifiers of vitamin D treatment response: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis - March 2022, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab390 FREE PDF
  • Serum Level of Vitamin D Is Associated with Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Postmenopausal Women - Sept 2021 https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111139 FREE PDF
  • The Effect of Vitamin D on Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Propensity Score Matched Case–Control Coronary CTA Study - July 2021 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8080085    PDF
    • "Patients with serum vitamin D (OH) levels >60 ng/mL had higher plaque density (p = 0.04), indicating more calc ified and less vulnerable plaque. Conclusions: In this retrospective case–control cohort study, vitamin D supplementation was associated with less high-risk plaque, less non-calcified plaque burden, and a higher calcified plaque independent of CV risk factors."
  • Assessment of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Vitamin D Deficiency - June 2019. | DOI: 10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000386 PDF is behind paywall
  • Vitamin D level is associated with severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis and incidence of acute coronary syndromes in non-diabetic cardiac patients - March 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2019.83291  PDF

44,400 medical papers on Atherosclerosis and "Vitamin K" (Feb 2025)

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  • An L-shaped relationship between dietary vitamin K and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease - June 2024 FREE PDF
  • Quantifying dietary vitamin K and its link to cardiovascular health: a narrative review - March 2020    PDF
  • Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials - Sept 2020 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102909    PDF
    • "While vitamin K supplementation clearly improves the carboxylation of dephosphoylated MGP, its role in mitigating vascular calcification is uncertain, based on current evidence."
  • Extent of arterial calcification by conventional vitamin K antagonist treatment - Oct, 2020    PDF
  • Vitamin K supplementation and vascular calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials- May 2023    PDF

VitaminDWiki - 26 studies in both categories Cardiovascular and Vitamin K

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Arteries and Atherosclerosis and Vitamin D - many studies        
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19736 vit K meta_CompressPdf.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 481.08 Kb 241
19735 Extent of arterial calcification_CompressPdf.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 422.96 Kb 209
19734 Vitamin K and Calcification_CompressPdf.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 133.60 Kb 115
19733 Vitamin K CVD_CompressPdf.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 266.82 Kb 237
19732 Quantifying dietary vitamin K and its link to cardiovascular heal_CompressPdf.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 213.94 Kb 213
19731 AOMS_Art_35959-10.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 105.89 Kb 296
19730 Atherosclerosis Propensity_CompressPdf.pdf admin 03 Jul, 2023 283.72 Kb 261