The Bone—Vasculature Axis: Calcium Supplementation and the Role of Vitamin K
Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 05 February 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2019.00006
Grzegorz B. Wasilewski1,2, Marc G. Vervloet3 and Leon J. Schurgers1*
1 Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
2 Nattopharma ASA, Hovik, Norway
3 Department of Nephrology and Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Items in both categories Calcium and Vitamin K are listed here:
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- Excellent reviews of supplements at ConsumerLab
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- Hypercalcemia in critically ill patients taking 10,000 IU of vitamin D (many solutions) – Oct 2019
- Calcium Supplementation is OK provided you also take Vitamin K – Feb 2019
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- Drugs which create deficiencies in Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, etc. – Sept 2017
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- Vascular calcification greatly reduced by 3 per week 1000 ug of Vitamin K2 MK-7 – Dec 2013
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- Review of Micronutrients such as vitamin D for women and childhood – Aug 2013
- Healthy bones need Ca, Silicon, Vitamins B, C, D, and K – Dec 2012
- Interview of Vitamin K2 and Calcium Paradox author by Dr. Mercola – Dec 2012
- Vitamin K2 and the Calcium Paradox – 2012 book
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- Postmenopausal women should supplement vitamins C D K and Calcium – June 2010
- VITAMIN K2 & CALCIUM PAPER, SUPPORTED BY NATTOPHARMA, PUBLISHED IN FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE Press Release
"The review paper is the result of a grant from the Norwegian Research Council awarded to NattoPharma to fund a 4-year PhD project to documentthe effect of calcium metabolism in the body based on the presence or absence of vitamin K2, MK-7..."
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Interactions with P and Vit K
Calcium supplements are broadly prescribed to treat osteoporosis either as monotherapy or together with vitamin D to enhance calcium absorption. It is still unclear whether calcium supplementation significantly contributes to the reduction of bone fragility and fracture risk. Data suggest that supplementing post-menopausal women with high doses of calcium has a detrimental impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are prone to vascular calcification in part due to impaired phosphate excretion. Calcium-based phosphate binders further increase risk of vascular calcification progression. In both bone and vascular tissue, vitamin K-dependent processes play an important role in calcium homeostasis and it is tempting to speculate that vitamin K supplementation might protect from the potentially untoward effects of calcium supplementation. This review provides an update on current literature on calcium supplementation among post-menopausal women and CKD patients and discusses underlying molecular mechanisms of vascular calcification. We propose therapeutic strategies with vitamin K2 treatment to prevent or hold progression of vascular calcification as a consequence of excessive calcium intake.