Title from Natural News review of the study
Vitamin D Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes an Antiatherogenic Monocyte/Macrophage Phenotype in Type 2 Diabetic Patients*
The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287, 38482-38494. November 9, 2012
Amy E. Riek‡,1,
Jisu Oh‡,
Jennifer E. Sprague§,2,
Alexandra Timpson‡,
Lisa de las Fuentes¶,
Leon Bernal-Mizrachi‖,
Kenneth B. Schechtman** and
Carlos Bernal-Mizrachi‡‡‡,3
From the Divisions of ‡Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research,
§Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes,
¶Cardiovascular Diseases, and
**Biostatistics and
the ‡‡Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
the ‖Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
↵3 To whom correspondence should be addressed: Div. of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8127, St. Louis, MO 63110. Tel.: 314-362-0947; Fax: 314-362-7641; E-mail: cbernal at dom.wustl.edu.
Capsule
Background: Interactions between environmental conditions and monocyte phenotype are critical for the development of vascular complications in diabetes.
Results: Modulation of ER stress by vitamin D controls monocyte/macrophage phenotype and vascular adhesion.
Conclusion: Vitamin D is a natural ER stress reliever that promotes an anti-inflammatory monocyte/macrophage phenotype.
Significance: Vitamin D is a potential therapy to reduce vascular complications in diabetics.
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity/mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but there is a lack of knowledge about the mechanism(s) of increased atherosclerosis in these patients. In patients with T2DM, the prevalence of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency is almost twice that for nondiabetics and doubles the relative risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared with diabetic patients with normal 25(OH)D. We tested the hypothesis that monocytes from vitamin D-deficient subjects will have a proatherogenic phenotype compared with vitamin D-sufficient subjects in 43 patients with T2DM. Serum 25(OH)D level inversely correlated with monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells even after adjustment for demographic and comorbidity characteristics. Vitamin D-sufficient patients (≥30 ng/ml 25(OH)D) had lower monocyte endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a predominance of M1 over M2 macrophage membrane receptors, and decreased mRNA expression of monocyte adhesion molecules PSGL-1, β1-integrin, and β2-integrin compared with patients with 25(OH)D levels of <30 ng/ml. In vitamin D-deficient macrophages, activation of ER stress increased adhesion and adhesion molecule expression and induced an M2-predominant phenotype. Moreover, adding 1,25(OH)2D3 to vitamin D-deficient macrophages shifted their phenotype toward an M1-predominant phenotype with suppressed adhesion. Conversely, deletion of the vitamin D receptor in macrophages from diabetic patients activated ER stress, accelerated adhesion, and increased adhesion molecule expression. The absence of ER stress protein CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein suppressed monocyte adhesion, adhesion molecule expression, and the M2-predominant phenotype induced by vitamin D deficiency. Thus, vitamin D is a natural ER stress reliever that induced an antiatherogenic monocyte/macrophage phenotype.
See also VitaminDWiki
- Overview Diabetes and vitamin D
- Diabetics with low vitamin D had more cognitive impairment– Aug 2013 wonder if that is due to clogging of blood vessels in the brain
- Vitamin D deficiency might cause diabetes and cardiovascular diseases – Jan 2012
- Timeline of Heart Disease, Diabetes, fats, lard, HFCS, and vitamin D – Aug 2012