Vitamin D Status and Mortality: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(3), 383; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030383
- Mortality category listing has
321 items and following chart
- More vitamin D means fewer deaths – many studies
- Live longer if have more than 40 ng of Vitamin D (gene analysis of 10,500 people) – Jan 2019
- Top 10 causes of death - low vitamin D is associated with every cause - Nov 2018
- Death of older hip fracture patients at least 1.6X more likely if low vitamin D – May 2018
- Less likely to die early if have a good level of vitamin D - Oct 2018
- Vitamin D - at least 4,000 IU to achieve 40-60 ng and reduce risk of early death – Holick June 2018
Items in both categories Mortality and Meta-analysis are listed here:
- Pancreatic cancer mortality 28% more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Jan 2024
- COVID and Vitamin D: 2X more likely to die if low, 2X more likely to survive if supplement – umbrella meta-analysis April 2024
- Maternal pregnancy problems if Vitamin D is less than 40 ng – meta-analysis Oct 2022
- COVID-19 mortality extrapolates to zero at 50 ng of vitamin D – 18th Meta-analysis Sept 2021
- Deaths from many types of Cancer associated with low vitamin D- review of meta-analyses Sept 2020
- Cardiovascular death 1.5X more likely if less than 20 ng of Vitamin D – 22nd meta-analysis Nov 2019
- People supplemented with Vitamin D had 13 percent fewer Cancer deaths – Meta-analysis of RCT June 2019
- Cancer with low Vitamin D increases Mortality by 13 percent – meta-analysis Feb 2019
- Low Vitamin D is associated with dying sooner (70 studies) – meta-analysis Jan 2019
- Prostate Cancer death 40 percent less likely if 40 ng level of vitamin D – Meta-analysis Oct 2018
- Review of meta-analyses of non-skeletal benefits of vitamin D (Mortality, RTI, etc) – July 2017
- Chronic Kidney Disease mortality is 60 percent less likely if good vitamin D – meta-analysis July 2017
- Lung Cancer death 60 percent less likely if high level of vitamin D – 2 meta-analysis 2017
- Breast Cancer Mortality reduced 60 percent if more than 60 ng of Vitamin D – meta-analysis June 2017
- Cardiovascular deaths 12 percent less likely if have 10 ng more vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2017
- ICU patients 30 % less likely to die if have enough vitamin D – meta-analysis Nov 2016
- Less likely to die if have enough vitamin D - Meta-analysis June 2014
- Cancer survival 4 percent more likely with just a little more vitamin D (4 ng) - meta-analysis July 2014
- Death due to breast cancer reduced 40 percent if high vitamin D – meta-analysis April 2014
- Vitamin D reduces risk of cause specific death, unless it is D2 – meta-analysis BMJ April 2014
- More survive Breast Cancer if more vitamin D – 2X fewer deaths with just 30 ng -meta-analysis March 2014
- Colorectal and Breast Cancer – Vitamin D is associated with fewer deaths – meta-analysis Feb 2014
- Death of women from cancer 24% less likely if 20 ng more vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2013
- Chance of dying increases by 25 percent in seniors if low vitamin D – Meta-analysis July 2013
- Breast Cancer survival 2X more likely if vitamin D sufficient – meta-analysis May 2013
- Vitamin D with Calcium reduces mortality by 7 percent – meta-analysis May 2012
- Death rate reduced 8 percent for 8 nanogram more vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2012
- 40 ng Vitamin D perhaps optimal for reduced mortality – Meta-analysis Jan 2012
- Vitamin D3 but not D2 reduces mortality – meta-analysis July 2011
- Vitamin D and mortality a meta-analysis of RCT - 2008
Items in both categories Mortality and Breathing are listed here:
- Less likely to die of various causes if higher Vitamin D (data from 300,000 people) – Oct 2022
- COVID-19 lung death 4X more likely in Iran if less than 25 ng of vitamin D – Oct 30, 2020
- Respiratory deaths in seniors – 40 percent are attributable to low vitamin D – Aug 2020
- COVID ARDS deaths 2X more likely if less than 10 ng of Vitamin D – Aug 8, 2020
- Vitamin D predicts good health and long life in seniors, review of 20 cohort studies – Oct 2019
- 3 X increased chance of death if have asthma – study of 200,000 people over 10 years – Nov 2012
- Seniors on mechanical ventilation having very low vitamin D died sooner – July 2012
Items in both categories Mortality and Breast Cancer are listed here:
- Deaths from many types of Cancer associated with low vitamin D- review of meta-analyses Sept 2020
- Vitamin D reduced Breast Cancer mortality in 9 out of 9 studies, yet still no consensus – April 2019
- Vitamin D reduces the risk of Breast Cancer, improves treatment, and improves survival
- The “Deadly Breast Cancer Gene” Is A Myth, Lancet Study Confirms – Jan 2018
- Breast Cancer Mortality reduced 60 percent if more than 60 ng of Vitamin D – meta-analysis June 2017
- Death after Breast Cancer 2 times less likely if take lots of Magnesium – Dec 2015
- Cancer survival 4 percent more likely with just a little more vitamin D (4 ng) - meta-analysis July 2014
- Death due to breast cancer reduced 40 percent if high vitamin D – meta-analysis April 2014
- More survive Breast Cancer if more vitamin D – 2X fewer deaths with just 30 ng -meta-analysis March 2014
- Colorectal and Breast Cancer – Vitamin D is associated with fewer deaths – meta-analysis Feb 2014
- Breast Cancer survival 2X more likely if vitamin D sufficient – meta-analysis May 2013
- Cancer patients 64% less likely to die if have high level of vitamin D – Dec 2011
Items in both categories Mortality and Trauma/Surgery:
- 3X reduced mortality in one metabolic cluster of ICU patients by high-dose Vitamin D – Nov 2024
- 4.8 X more likely to die within 28 days of ICU if low Vitamin D - Jan 2024
- Poor Receptor predicts sepsis death (restricts Vitamin D from getting to cells) – Aug 2021
- Cardiac Surgery with low vitamin D increased delirium 1.4X, mortality 1.5X – May 2020
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia death rate cut in half by Vitamin D injection (300,000 IU) – RCT July 2017
- Low Vitamin D when entering ICU is deadly (acute kidney injury in this case) – Aug 2017
- Increased Hospital, Sepsis deaths if low vitamin D – March 2014
- Vitamin D and Glutamine reduced Trauma Center deaths by half – Matthews March 2017
- Half of Swiss emergency patients had low vitamin D: length of stay, mortality, etc. – May 2016
- Chance of dying in hospital cut in half by just 10 ng higher level of Vitamin D – April 2016
- ICU patients 30 % less likely to die if have enough vitamin D – meta-analysis Nov 2016
- Hospital ICU added high dose vitamin D - malpractice lawsuit costs dropped from 26 million dollars to ZERO - Oct 2016
- Vitamin D and exercise after hip fracture surgery – far fewer deaths – July 2016
- Radio frequency ablation survival doubled with even modest levels of vitamin D – Feb 2016
- ICU death rate reduced 3X when a vitamin D injection changed the PTH – Nov 2015
- Risk of death within 90 days of ICU decreased by 16 percent for 1 nanogram extra vitamin D – June 2014
- ICU survival increased with vitamin D single 540K IU loading dose - JAMA Sept 2014
- Vitamin D intervention increased by 20 percent the survival of critically ill patients- RCT June 2014
- Hospital or ICU death about twice as likely if low vitamin D – March 2014
- 3X more likely to die within 3 months of being in ICU for 2 days if less than 20 ng vitamin D – Sept 2013
- Chance of dying within 1 month of entering hospital is 45 percent higher if low vitamin D – July 2013
- More sepsis deaths when active vitamin D (Calcitrol) was low – May 2013
- Off topic: Use of ICU in month before death has increased to almost 30 pcnt – Feb 2013
- Almost 6X more likely to die after coronary bypass if vitamin D deficient – Dec 2012
- Critically ill 70 percent more likely to die if vitamin D less than 15ng – Jan 2011
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Download the Supplemental tables from VitaminDWikiAlicia K Heath 1,* OrcID, Iris Y Kim 2,3OrcID, Allison M Hodge 4,5, Dallas R English 4,5 and David C Muller 1
1 School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
2 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
3 Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
4 Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
5 Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D and Public Health)Epidemiological evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased mortality, but it is unclear whether this is explained by reverse causation, and if there are specific causes of death for which vitamin D might be important. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies investigating associations between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and all-cause or cause-specific mortality in generally healthy populations. Relevant studies were identified using PubMed and EMBASE searches. After screening 722 unique records and removing those that were ineligible, 84 articles were included in this review.
Title change made Oct 2021 caused the visitor count to reset.
The vast majority of studies reported inverse associations between 25(OH)D concentration and all-cause mortality.
This association appeared to be non-linear, with progressively lower mortality with increasing 25(OH)D up to a point, beyond which there was no further decrease.
There is moderate evidence that vitamin D status is inversely associated with cancer mortality and death due to respiratory diseases, while for cardiovascular mortality, there is weak evidence of an association in observational studies, which is not supported by the data from intervention or Mendelian randomization studies. The relationship between vitamin D status and other causes of death remains uncertain due to limited data. Larger long-term studies are required to clarify these associations.
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