Vitamin D as a Biomarker of Ill Health among the Over-50s: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies
Nutrients 2019, 11(10), 2384; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102384
Mortality starts with:
People die sooner if they have low vitamin D
click on image for details
The Meta-analysis of Mortality and Vitamin D are listed here:
- Deaths from many types of Cancer associated with low vitamin D- review of meta-analyses Sept 2020
- People supplemented with Vitamin D had 13 percent fewer Cancer deaths – Meta-analysis of RCT June 2019
- Cancer with low Vitamin D increases Mortality by 13 percent – meta-analysis Feb 2019
- Decreased Vitamin D is associated with dying sooner (70 studies) – meta-analysis Jan 2019
- Prostate Cancer death 40 percent less likely if 40 ng level of vitamin D – Meta-analysis Oct 2018
- Review of meta-analyses of non-skeletal benefits of vitamin D (Mortality, RTI, etc) – July 2017
- Chronic Kidney Disease mortality is 60 percent less likely if good vitamin D – meta-analysis July 2017
- Lung Cancer death 60 percent less likely if high level of vitamin D – 2 meta-analysis 2017
- Breast Cancer Mortality reduced 60 percent if more than 60 ng of Vitamin D – meta-analysis June 2017
- Cardiovascular deaths 12 percent less likely if have 10 ng more vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2017
- ICU patients 30 percent less likely to die if have enough vitamin D – meta-analysis Nov 2016
- Less likely to die if have enough vitamin D - Meta-analysis June 2014
- Cancer survival 4 percent more likely with just a little more vitamin D (4 ng) - meta-analysis July 2014
- Death due to breast cancer reduced 40 percent if high vitamin D – meta-analysis April 2014
- Vitamin D reduces risk of cause specific death, unless it is D2 – meta-analysis BMJ April 2014
- More survive Breast Cancer if more vitamin D – 2X fewer deaths with just 30 ng -meta-analysis March 2014
- Colorectal and Breast Cancer – Vitamin D is associated with fewer deaths – meta-analysis Feb 2014
- Death of women from cancer 24 percent less likely if 20 ng more vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2013
- Chance of dying increases by 25 percent in seniors if low vitamin D – Meta-analysis July 2013
- Breast Cancer survival 2X more likely if vitamin D sufficient – meta-analysis May 2013
- Vitamin D with Calcium reduces mortality by 7 percent – meta-analysis May 2012
- Death rate reduced 8 percent for 8 nanogram more vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2012
- 40 ng Vitamin D perhaps optimal for reduced mortality – Meta-analysis Jan 2012
- Vitamin D3 but not D2 reduces mortality – meta-analysis July 2011
- Vitamin D and mortality a meta-analysis of RCT - 2008
Items in both categories Mortality and Seniors are listed here:
- Respiratory deaths in seniors – 40 percent are attributable to low vitamin D – Aug 2020
- Vitamin D predicts good health and long life in seniors, review of 20 cohort studies – Oct 2019
- Vitamin D In Older Women - Fractures, Frailty and Mortality – Buchebner thesis 2017
- Vitamin D supplementation can cost 50 dollars a day (live longer)
- Women very low on vitamin D were 56 percent more likely to die in nursing home – Feb 2012
- Vitamin D Omega 3 and Exercise are being used in controlled trial to support healthy ageing – Feb 2012
- Low vitamin D associated with all-cause mortality and frailty – Mar 2011
- Vitamin D deficiency was the best predictor of older patient death in hospital – May 2010
- Table of outcomes for seniors vs vitamin D level
10 reasons why seniors need more vitamin D
- Senior skin produces 3X less Vitamin D for the same sun intensity
- Seniors have fewer vitamin D receptors as they age
- (The effect of low Vitamin D receptor genes does not show up on vitamin D test results)
- Seniors are indoors more than than when they were younger
- not as agile, weaker muscles; frail, no longer enjoy hot temperatures
- (if outside, stay in the shade), however, seniors might start outdoor activities like gardening, biking, etc.
- Seniors wear more clothing outdoors than when younger **+fear skin cancer/wrinkles, sometimes avoid bright light after cataract surgery
- Seniors often take various drugs which reduce vitamin D (some would not show up on vitamin D test) statins, chemotherapy, anti-depressants, blood pressure, beta-blockers, etc
- Seniors often have one or more diseases which consume vitamin D ( osteoporosis, diabetes, MS, ...)
- Seniors generally put on weight at they age - and a heavier body requires more vitamin D
- Seniors often (40%) have fatty livers – which do not process vitamin D as well
- Seniors not have as much Magnesium needed to use vitamin D
(would not show up on vitamin D test) - Seniors with poorly functioning kidneys do not process vitamin D as well
(would not show up on vitamin D test) 2009 full text online Also PDF 2009 - Vitamin D is not as bioavailable in senior digestive systems (Stomach acid or intestines?)
- Category Seniors and Vitamin D
353 items
Cardiovascular category starts with the following
433 items In Cardiovascular category - Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
- Hypertension and vitamin D
- Overview Metabolic Syndrome and vitamin D
- Overview Stroke and vitamin D
- Peripheral arterial disease risk is 1.5X higher if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2018
- Peripheral Arterial Disease 3.7 X more likely in diabetics with low vitamin D – June 2019
- Heart attack ICU costs cut in half by Vitamin D – Oct 2018
Meta-analyses
- Heart Failure and Vitamin D meta-analyses - 2016, 2019
- Cardiovascular death 1.5X more likely if less than 20 ng of Vitamin D – 22nd meta-analysis Nov 2019
- Vitamin D supplementation reduces many Cardiovascular Disease markers– meta-analysis July 2018
Omega-3 Helps
- Cardiovascular Prevention with Omega-3 (finally using high doses) – Sept 2019
- Higher Omega-3 index (4 to 8 percent) associated with 30 percent less risk of coronary disease (10 studies) July 2017
A poor Vitamin D Receptor can block Vitamin D in blood from getting to tissues
- Heart Failure 15X more likely if poor VDR, even if good level of vitamin D (China) – March 2019
- Coronary Artery Disease without diabetes 5 times more likely if VDR gene problems – meta-analysis May 2016
Cholesterol, Statins
- Cholesterol is needed to produce both Vitamin D and Cortisol
- Overview Cholesterol and vitamin D
- Statins and vitamin D statins often reduce levels of vitamin D
- Statin side-effects are reduced by Vitamin D – US patent Application – April 2019
Items in both categories Breathing and Seniors are listed here:
- Vitamin D is one of the alternate COPD therapies – March 2021
- Acute respiratory tract infections not reduced by Vitamin D if already have a good level – Jan 2020
- Respiratory deaths in seniors – 40 percent are attributable to low vitamin D – Aug 2020
- Vitamin D predicts good health and long life in seniors, review of 20 cohort studies – Oct 2019
- COPD quality of life improved by 400,000 IU Vitamin D loading dose – RCT July 2019
- COPD exacerbations 2X less often if low vitamin D then supplemented – meta-analysis Jan 2019
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia treated by vitamin D if person was deficient – RCT Sept 2018
- COPD with obstruction: Death 1.7 X more likely with low vitamin D – Sept 2018
- Pneumonia patients 3 X more likely to die if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2017
- COPD ICU stay is 2.4 days longer if low vitamin D – Oct 2015
- Pneumonia 2.6X more likely if low vitamin D – April 2013
- Breathing by seniors harder when have low levels of vitamin D – Dec 2011
- Pneumonia Risk, intensity, and mortality all associated with low vitamin D
Alzheimers-Cognition - Overview starts with
- FACT: Cognitive decline is 19X more likely if low vitamin D
- FACT: Dementia is associated with low vitamin D levels.
- FACT: Alzheimer’s 21 % more likely if low vitamin D
- FACT: Alzheimer's Disease is 4X less likely if high vitamin D
- FACT: Every single risk factor listed for Alzheimer's Disease is also a risk factor for low vitamin D levels
- FACT: Elderly cognition gets worse as the elderly vitamin D levels get even lower (while in senior homes)
- OBSERVATION: Reports of increased vitamin D levels result in improved cognition
- OBSERVATION: Alzheimer’s patients 3X more likely to have a malfunctioning vitamin D receptor gene – 2012
- OBSERVATION: Alzheimer's Disease has been seen to halt when vitamin D was added.
- OBSERVATION: Alzheimer’s is associated with all 7 of the genes which restrict vitamin D
- OBSERVATION: 39 vitamin D and Alz. or Cognition lntervention trials as of Sept 2018
- OBSERVATION: 2 Meta-analysis in 2012 agreed that Alzheimer's Disease. associated with low vitamin D
- OBSERVATION: 50X increase in Alzheimer's while decrease in vitamin D
- OBSERVATION: Vitamin D reduces Alzheimer’s disease in 11 ways
- OBSERVATION: Alzheimer’s cognition improved by 4,000 IU of vitamin D
- OBSERVATION: Plaque removed in mice by equiv. of 14,000 IU daily
- FACT: Vitamin D is extremely low cost and has very very few side effects
- CONCLUSION: Everyone concerned about cognitive decline or Alzheimer's Disease should take vitamin D
- PREDICTION: By 2024 Omega-3 and high dose Vitamin D will be found to reverse Alzheimer's in humans
- As of 2018 that combination has worked well with
- Other studies concerning Omega-3 include
- All items in category Cognition and vitamin D
296
Falls and Fractures category contains the following
223 items in FALLS and FRACTURES - see also Overview Seniors and Vitamin D
- Overview Fractures and Falls and Vitamin D
- Deaths due to falls doubled in just a decade (age-adjusted, perhaps decreased vitamin D) – June 2019
- Low trauma bone fractures in seniors – considering Vitamin D loading dose for all, without testing – Nov 2019
- Preventing Falls in Older Adults – Vitamin D combination is the best - JAMA Meta-analysis Nov 2017
- Falls cut in half by 100,000 IU vitamin D monthly - RCT 2016
- Vitamin D prevents falls – majority of meta-analyses conclude – meta-meta analysis Feb 2015
- Vitamin D and fractures – 24 meta-analyses and counting – Dec 2014
Hip fracture
- Search VitaminDWiki for "HIP FRACTURE" 191 items not in PDF as of July 2020
- A call to action: Vitamin D for hip fracture (50,000 weekly for 8 weeks, then bi-weekly – Holick July 2020
- Risk factors for death after hip fracture surgery – 7 of the 8 are associated with low vitamin D – Aug 2020
- 3.5 X higher risk of death 2 years after hip fracture surgery if low vitamin D – Jan 2020
- Hip fracture recovery best with home exercise plus Vitamin D – RCT Dec 2018
- Hip fracture 58 percent more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2017
- Fracture risk 40 percent higher risk if low Vitamin D - June 2019
- 1 in 3 died after hip fracture but only 1 in 14 if add Vitamin D and exercise – RCT April 2017
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Silvia Caristia 1,Nicoletta Filigheddu 1,Francesco Barone-Adesi 1,Andrea Sarro 1,Tommaso Testa 1,Corrado Magnani 1,Gianluca Aimaretti 1,Fabrizio Faggiano 1,2 andPaolo Marzullo 1,3,*
1 Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
2 Epidemiology Centre of Local Health Unit of Vercelli, 12100 Vercelli, Italy
3 I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, ItalyBackground: The association between circulating levels of vitamin D and the incidence of chronic diseases is known. The identification of vitamin D as a biomarker of physiological/pathological ageing could contribute to expanding current knowledge of its involvement in healthy ageing.
Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted on cohorts studying the role of 25OH-Vitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25(OH)2-Vitamin D 1,25(OH)2D concentrations as biomarkers of healthy ageing. We consulted MedLine, Scopus, and Web of Science to search for studies on the association between vitamin D status in populations of originally healthy adults, and outcomes of longevity, illness, and physical and cognitive functionality. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale.
Results: Twenty cohorts from 24 articles were selected for this review. Inverse associations were found between low 25(OH)D levels and all-cause mortality, respiratory and cardiovascular events, as well as markers relating to hip and non-vertebral fractures. Associations between 1,25(OH)2D and healthy ageing outcomes gave similar results, although of lower clinical significance.
Conclusions: This systematic review pinpoints peculiar aspects of vitamin D as a multidimensional predictor of ill health in the ageing process. Further well-designed controlled trials to investigate whether vitamin D supplement results in superior outcomes are warranted in the future.
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Cardiovascular, Coronary, and Cardiometabolic Events
These events were observed in five articles reporting on negative associations between 25(OH)D and CV or coronary events. The risk of CV events increased with declining vitamin D levels at baseline. Liu et al. [69] reported a 2-time higher risk of death from heart failure for the lowest tertile in comparison with the highest one, while Brondum-Jacobsen et al. [74] showed a >50% higher risk of the lowest 25(OH)D category, which was up to 110% for fatal events. In three studies, evidence of a protective effect for the highest vitamin D levels was found [56,59,68], with a nearly 50% risk reduction between the highest and lowest quartile [56] and with a HR = 0.71 for every increase of a SD in vitamin D level [59]. Finally, 25(OH)D was not associated with CV mortality [63] nor with nonfatal CV events [74]. Al-Khalidi et al. showed an inverse association with cardiometabolic causes of mortality (i.e., heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus), concluding that total levels of serum vitamin D <30 nmol/L were predictive of high lifetime risk of cardiovascular and metabolic death, even without weight loss or BMI modifications [77]. By contrast, 25(OH)D was not associated with CV mortality [63], non-fatal CV events [74], or insulin resistance [70].Conclusions
Conclusively, 25(OH)D status acts as a worthy biomarker to predict all-cause mortality, pulmonary events, and lung function, cardiovascular/coronary events, hip fractures, early and/or premature death, and sarcopenia incidence. Conversely, no association was found with the risk of falls, as well as with bone mineral density, cognitive function, cardiometabolic, and cancer events in adult populations who were apparently healthy at baseline. As far as 1,25(OH)2D is concerned, its associations with all-cause mortality and respiratory events do not seem to be of relevant clinical value.
There is a clear limited scientific evidence on the role of vitamin D metabolites in the multidimensional process of ageing, since the studies analyzed by our review deal with a limited spectrum of markers of healthy ageing, and markers such as social participation, social function, as well as subjective dimensions related to self-perception of own status and resources [95-98] were missing. For this reason, we cannot draw definitive conclusions on vitamin D as a reliable predictor of the healthy ageing process for all dimensions herein investigated. Nevertheless, we are inclined to consider the robust results on relevant markers such as longevity and incidence of disease, as a strong support to consider vitamin D as a multidimensional predictor of ill health in the ageing process. Further well-designed controlled trials to investigate whether vitamin D supplement results in superior outcomes are warranted in the future.Vitamin D predicts good health and long life in seniors, review of 20 cohort studies – Oct 2019Printer Friendly PDF this page! Follow this page for updates861 visitors, last modified 06 Oct, 2019, This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)Seniors353 Bone - Health 277 Breathing 394 Mortality and D 233 Attached files
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