Loading...
 

Breastfeeding is almost always associated with infant vitamin D deficiency – Dec 2021


Breastfeeding and vitamin D - Dec 2021

Clin Exp Pediatr DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00444
Ju Sun Heo1 , Young Min Ahn2 ymahn964 at naver.com, Ai-Rhan Ellen Kim3 , Son Moon Shin4
1Department of Pediatrics, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
2Department of Pediatrics, Jang’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
3Department of Pediatrics, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
4Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
Young Min Ahn, Email:

The recent re-emergence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and rickets among breastfed infants without adequate sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplementation has been reported worldwide. Breastfed infants are particularly vulnerable to VDD because of the low vitamin D content of breast milk, restricted sunlight exposure, increased pollution, and limited natural dietary sources of vitamin D.
The prevalence of VDD in breastfed infants differs vastly between studies and nations at 0.6–91.1%.
The recommended intake of vitamin D for lactating mothers to optimize their overall vitamin D status and, consequently, of their breast milk is 200–2000 IU/day, indicating a lack of consensus.
Some studies have suggested that maternal high-dose vitamin D supplementation (up to 6400 IU/day) can be used as an alternate strategy to direct infant supplementation. However, concern persists about the safety of maternal high-dose vitamin D supplementation.

Direct infant supplementation is the currently available option to support vitamin D status in breastfed infants. The recommended dose for vitamin D supplementation in breastfed infants according to various societies and organizations worldwide is 200–1200 IU/day. Most international guidelines recommend that exclusively or partially breastfed infants be supplemented with 400 IU/day of vitamin D during their first year of life. However, domestic studies on the status and guidelines for vitamin D in breastfed infants are insufficient. This review summarizes the prevalence of VDD in breastfed infants, vitamin D content of breast milk, and current guidelines for vitamin D supplementation of lactating mothers and infants to prevent VDD in breastfed infants.
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki


VitaminDWiki pages with BREASTFEEDING or BREASTFED in title (32 as of Dec 2021)

This list is automatcially updated

No results for query.

VitaminDWiki - Pregnancy category

946 items in Pregnancy category

 - see also


VitaminDWiki - Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D has

Most were taking 2,000 to 7,000 IU daily for >50% of pregnancy
   Click on hyperlinks for details

Problem
Vit. D
Reduces
Evidence
0. Chance of not conceiving3.4 times Observe
1. Miscarriage 2.5 times Observe
2. Pre-eclampsia 3.6 timesRCT
3. Gestational Diabetes 3 times RCT
4. Good 2nd trimester sleep quality 3.5 times Observe
5. Premature birth 2 times RCT
6. C-section - unplanned 1.6 timesObserve
     Stillbirth - OMEGA-3 4 timesRCT - Omega-3
7. Depression AFTER pregnancy 1.4 times RCT
8. Small for Gestational Age 1.6 times meta-analysis
9. Infant height, weight, head size
     within normal limits
RCT
10. Childhood Wheezing 1.3 times RCT
11. Additional child is Autistic 4 times Intervention
12.Young adult Multiple Sclerosis 1.9 timesObserve
13. Preeclampsia in young adult 3.5 timesRCT
14. Good motor skills @ age 31.4 times Observe
15. Childhood Mite allergy 5 times RCT
16. Childhood Respiratory Tract visits 2.5 times RCT

RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial


Created by admin. Last Modification: Tuesday December 14, 2021 13:52:40 GMT-0000 by admin. (Version 3)

Attached files

ID Name Comment Uploaded Size Downloads
16747 Breastfeeding and VDD Dec 2021.pdf admin 14 Dec, 2021 508.43 Kb 306