J Addict Dis. 2021 Dec 28;1-12. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2021.2010971
Soheil Bagheri 1, Ahmad Reza Saghazade 2, Samira Abbaszadeh-Mashkani 1, Hamid Reza Banafshe 3, Fatemeh Sadat Ghoreishi 4, Azam Mesdaghinia 3, Amir Ghaderi 4
Vitamin D deficiency in cigarette smokers (CS) might associate with several complications, including metabolic deficits, depression and anxiety. This study evaluated the effects of vitamin D on
- mental health symptoms,
- nicotine misuse, and
- biomarkers of metabolic diseases in individuals with a tobacco use disorder.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 60 CS subjects receiving either 50,000 IU vitamin D supplements (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) every 2 weeks for 24-weeks.
Nicotine misuse, mental health scale, and metabolic parameters were measured before and after the intervention in the CS subjects. Compared with the placebo-group, after the 24-weeks intervention, serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels increased in the intervention group (β 2.96; 95% CI, 0.91, 5.01; P = 0.006).
In addition, vitamin D supplementation
- significantly improved Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (β -2.06; 95% CI, -3.84, -0.28; P = 0.02).
In addition, vitamin D administration significantly decreased
- fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β -4.56; 95% CI, -8.94, -0.19; P = 0.04),
- insulin (β -0.50; 95% CI, -0.88, -0.13; P = 0.009), and
- homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels (β -0.21; 95% CI, -0.33, -0.08; P = 0.001).
Furthermore, vitamin D resulted in a significant elevation in
(total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (β 81.20; 95% CI, 18.30, 144.11; P = 0.01), and
- plasma glutathione (GSH) levels (β 73.05; 95% CI, 18.56, 127.54; P = 0.01), compared with the placebo-group.
Administration of vitamin D for 24-weeks to CS subjects had beneficial effects on symptoms of depression and several metabolic biomarkers. While this preliminary study suggests that vitamin D might have beneficial effects, its clinical efficacy in individuals with a tobacco use disorder should be further validated in future clinical trials.
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"This study was the doctoral thesis on General Medicine (Soheil Bagheri). It has been registered with the IRCT20170420033551N7 registration code in the Iranian Center for Clinical Trials, and was supported by a grant from the Vice-chancellor for Research, KAUMS, Iran (98025)."
Two pathways are often proposed for how smoking decreases vitamin D:
1) Smoking decreases Calcium. and Vitamin D is used up in replacing the Calcium
2) Smoking injures the body, and vitamin D is used up in repairing the body
It appears that taking Vitamin D while smoking will:
1) Decrease the incidence of the many health problems associated with smoking - even lung cancer
2) Decrease the desire to smoke (perhaps take fewer smoking breaks?)
3) Increase breathing capacity
Opinion: If you must smoke, have recently smoked, or are getting 2nd hand smoke:
take Vitamin D and perhaps Omega-3
They will extinguish much of the inflammation caused by inhaling tobacco smoke.
Vitamin D should also help people quit smoking See bottom of page Smoking reduces vitamin D - many studies
1) Reduces weight gain associated with quitting smoking
2) Reduces depression associated with quitting smoking
VitaminDWiki - SMOKE or SMOKING in title (49 as of Dec 2021)
This list is automatically updated
Items found: 57
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Title |
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Modified |
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Slow down your biological clock: less saturated fat, less smoking, less obesity, more Vitamin D – Sept 2024 |
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04 Oct, 2024 |
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Atopic Dermatitus more likely if e-cigarette, passive smoke while pregnant or Caesarean |
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30 May, 2024 |
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Prolonged sitting might be worse than smoking - Jan 2024 |
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12 Jan, 2024 |
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Smoking does not decrease response to monthly Vitamin D – RCT July 2020 |
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03 Aug, 2023 |
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Smoking reduces vitamin D - many studies |
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13 Jul, 2023 |
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Little second-hand smoke problem in children if mother had added Vitamin D while pregnant - RCT Feb 2023 |
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25 May, 2023 |
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Avoiding the sun may be as bad as smoking - many studies |
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24 Apr, 2023 |
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Miscarriage 2.5X more likely if second-hand smoke and low vitamin D – Sept 2022 |
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06 Sep, 2022 |
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Hypothesis: Smoking reduces Vitamin D, which activates EBV, which causes lung cancer – Jan 2022 |
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04 Mar, 2022 |
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Several smoking problems treated by Vitamin D (bi-weekly, 50,000 IU) - RCT Dec 2021 |
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29 Dec, 2021 |
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Lung cancer 24 percent less likely if high vitamin D (never-smoking senior women) – Sept 2017 |
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09 Sep, 2021 |
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Multiple Sclerosis 42X more likely if light brown skin and smoke (both associated with low vitamin D) – July 2020 |
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30 Jul, 2020 |
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Live 7 years longer free of major disease if eat well, not smoke, not obese, moderate drink and exercise (100,000 people) – Jan 2020 |
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22 Feb, 2020 |
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Higher Vitamin D in US seniors if older, female, not smoke, but LOWER for each in China – Dec 2019 |
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14 Jan, 2020 |
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Child exposed to smoke is 1.5 X more likely to have low vitamin D – Oct 2018 |
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23 Nov, 2019 |
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Vitamin D prevents smoke lung damage in mice (If you must smoke, take vitamin D) – Nov 2019 |
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23 Nov, 2019 |
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Smoking while pregnant resulted in 2X more likely to be Vitamin D deficient – Feb 2019 |
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06 Oct, 2019 |
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Low vitamin D was again associated with winter, females, obesity, smoking, sedentary – Aug 2019 |
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04 Oct, 2019 |
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Smoke Inflammation reduced by vitamin D (COPD in lab) – Sept 2019 |
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06 Sep, 2019 |
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Asian men often smoke then die of lung cancer (if you must smoke, take Vitamin D) – meta-analysis March 2019 |
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09 Apr, 2019 |
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Tobacco smoke is radioactive – 1 year is the same as 300 chest Xrays |
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22 Mar, 2019 |
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Macular Degeneration Twin Study – Vitamin D reduced, smoking increased (by 13X in later study) |
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15 Mar, 2019 |
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Preeclampsia of offspring cut in half if mother who smoked had vitamin D fortified margarine – Dec 2017 |
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20 Feb, 2019 |
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Air pollution, toxins, heavy metals and smoking each result in lower Vitamin D levels – Nov 2018 |
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04 Dec, 2018 |
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Low Vitamin D is worse for your health than smoking |
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03 Dec, 2018 |
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If smoke, try Vitamin D - reduce damage or help quit - 2012 |
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03 Nov, 2018 |
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Smoking desire decreased after Omega-3– RCT Aug 2014 |
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23 Jul, 2018 |
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Multiple Sclerosis 30 X more likely if: organic solvent AND poor genes AND smoking – July 2018 |
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07 Jul, 2018 |
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Both parents smoke – child’s vitamin D level was 30 percent lower and worse asthma – May 2018 |
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26 Apr, 2018 |
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Less Lung Cancer if take more than 800 IU of vitamin D and never smoke or low vitamin A – Oct 2013 |
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14 Sep, 2017 |
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Avoiding the sun reduces lifespan by 2 years (smoking reduces lifespan by 10 years) – March 2016 |
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09 Jun, 2017 |
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Neonates were 288 gram (0.6 lbs) heavier if mother stopped smoking while pregnant – Oct 2016 |
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21 Mar, 2017 |
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Smoking while pregnant: are the problems due to low vitamin D – July 2013 |
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21 Mar, 2017 |
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Low Vitamin K2 is as risky as smoking for heart disease - Oct 2016 |
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20 Mar, 2017 |
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Pancreatic Cancer causes include smoking and low vitamin D, adding vitamin D might help – Jan 2017 |
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06 Mar, 2017 |
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Pregnant women were 2.6 times more likely to stop smoking when given financial rewards – RCT Jan 2015 |
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02 Mar, 2017 |
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Smoking associated with 2 times fewer heart problems if high vitamin D – Sept 2016 |
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21 Feb, 2017 |
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Severe Myopia associated with low vitamin D and smoking (which also reduces vitamin D) - Jan 2014 |
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12 Jan, 2017 |
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Gestational Diabetes 3.7 X more likely if smoke and have low vitamin D (no surprise) – Feb 2016 |
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04 Jan, 2017 |
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Cardiovascular death: 9 percent due to hypertension or air pollution, 7 percent: low Vitamin K2 or smoking – Oct 2016 |
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30 Oct, 2016 |
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Cardiovascular death: 9 percent hypertension and air pollution, 7 percent Vit K2 and smoking – Oct 2016 |
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30 Oct, 2016 |
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Chronic Periodontitis 9.6 times more likely if smoke and have poor Vitamin D Receptor – Aug 2016 |
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29 Sep, 2016 |
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Heavy smoking during pregnancy increased risk of schizophrenia 38 percent decades later (low vitamin D) – Aug 2016 |
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27 Aug, 2016 |
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Twins, no tan, winter, and smoking all associated with low levels of vitamin D during pregnancy – Jan 2013 |
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30 Jun, 2016 |
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Multiple Sclerosis - low vitamin D, low sun, smoking are the largest modifiable factors – April 2016 |
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09 Apr, 2016 |
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Smoking caused more breathing problems in those (mice) with low vitamin D – Sept 2015 |
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16 Sep, 2015 |
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Schizophrenia veterans with low vitamin D more likely to smoke and have OCD, Parkinson's – April 2014 |
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01 Jul, 2015 |
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Ankle fractures associated with low vitamin D, smoking etc. – Jan 2014 |
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13 May, 2015 |
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Smoking associated with 9 ng less vitamin D age 40-50 – Nov 2014 |
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24 Nov, 2014 |
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Smoking increased 2.7X the probability of low vitamin D levels in pregnancy – Sept 2013 |
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21 May, 2014 |
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Cancer incidence in 87 countries is related to food, smoking, alcohol, GDP, and UVB - Jan 2014 |
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08 Jan, 2014 |
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Lung cancer 63 percent less likely if take more than 800 IU of vitamin D and never smoke – Oct 2013 |
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24 Aug, 2013 |
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Pancreatic cancer vitamin D smoking and diabetes – Aug 2010 |
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10 Nov, 2012 |
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Smoking while pregnant lowers vitamin D and increases child asthma by 3.6 X – Aug 2011 |
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20 Jul, 2012 |
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Probability of T2 diabetes increased almost 3X with smoking and low vitamin D – Oct 2010 |
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20 Jul, 2012 |
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UVB, Smoking and second cancers after melanoma – Jan 2012 |
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06 Mar, 2012 |
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Higher Vitamin D in US if older, female, not smoke, but lower for each in China – Dec 2019 |
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No value for 'modification_date_major' |