Changes in Sleep Patterns during Pregnancy and Predictive Factors: A Longitudinal Study in Saudi Women
Nutrients. 2022 Jun 25;14(13):2633. doi: 10.3390/nu14132633.
Sara Al-Musharaf 1
This study aimed to assess sleep patterns during the three trimesters of pregnancy and whether vitamin D concentrations, along with other risk factors, are associated with these alterations. In a longitudinal study, 140 pregnant women (age 18 to 39 years) were followed throughout their first, second, and third trimesters. Sleep was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at each trimester, along with an assessment of biochemical parameters, including serum vitamin D levels. The information that was collected included anthropometric data, socio-economic status, dietary intake, and physical activity. The PSQI was higher in mid and late pregnancy than in early pregnancy (both p = 0.001), and the sleep duration was also higher in late versus early pregnancy.
Linear regression analyses revealed independent predictors of deteriorating sleep quality from early to late pregnancy, including low income (B ± SE -0.60 ± 0.26, p = 0.03) and low serum vitamin D levels in the second trimester (B ± SE -0.20 ± 0.01, p = 0.04).
Energy intake and sitting in the second half of pregnancy were positively associated with changes in the PSQI score from the second to third trimesters (B ± SE 0.15 ± 0.07, p = 0.048) and (B ± SE 0.01 ± 0.00, p = 0.044), respectively. Low socio-economic status, low serum vitamin D levels, greater energy intake, and sitting time were associated with worsening patterns of sleep quality from early to late pregnancy.
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VitaminDwiki - Sleep category contains
A few items in SLEEP category
- Sleep greatly improved by 50,000 IU of vitamin D once every two weeks – RCT Sept 2018
- Sleep disorders nicely treated by Vitamin D (50,000 IU twice a month) – RCT May 2017
- Sleep, Dr. Gominak and Vitamin D - several studies
- Restless Legs Syndrome dramatically reduced by vitamin D, etc
- On the job sleepiness 2.2X more likely if low vitamin D – Feb 2020
- Poor sleep 1.5 X more likely if less than 20 ng of Vitamin D – Feb 2019
- The Better Sleep Vitamin (Vitamin D) – nice 3 dollar book Feb 2015
- The worse the sleep apnea, the lower the vitamin D levels – meta-analysis 2017, 2020
- Vitamin D for better sleep video - Dec 2021
- 5X increase in sleep problems in a decade in US Veterans
- Sleep Apnea and Vitamin D - many studies
- Melatonin and Vitamin D - many studies does much more than improve sleep
Best sleep may need 70 ng of Vitamin D
| Vitamin D | Treats |
| 150 ng | Multiple Sclerosis * |
| 80 ng | Cluster Headache * Reduced office visits by 4X * |
| 70 ng | Sleep * |
| 60 ng | Breast Cancer death reduced 60% Preeclampsia RCT |
| 50 ng | COVID-19 Fertility Psoriasis Infections Review Infection after surgery |
| 40 ng | Breast Cancer 65% lower risk Depression ACL recovery Hypertension Asthma? |
| 30 ng | Rickets |
* Evolution of experiments with patients, often also need co-factors
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