Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with influenza in case-control study nested in a cohort of Japanese employees.
Clin Nutr. 2017 Oct;36(5):1288-1293. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.08.016. Epub 2016 Aug 26.
Nanri A1, Nakamoto K2, Sakamoto N3, Imai T4, Akter S5, Nonaka D6, Mizoue T5.
- Overview Influenza and vitamin D
- Influenza vaccine meta-analysis found moderate protection – Lancet Oct 2011
- “such protection is greatly reduced or absent in some seasons” vs Vitamin D works in all seasons
- 10X reactions to flu vaccine when vitamin D deficient
- Number of people to treat to prevent 1 case of flu: Vitamin D 4, Vaccination 40 – Feb 2017
- Half the risk of Influenza -A in infants taking 1200 IU of vitamin D for 4 months – RCT Jan 2018
- Influenza prevented by 40 ng levels or treated with vitamin D hammer (50,000 IU) – June 2015
Download the PDF from Sci-Hub via VitaminDWiki
- Note: It appears more than 7X risk reduction if >40 ng, but the study does not say how much
Getting a loading dose of Vitamin D easily boosts Vitamin D levels >40ng for a few days
BACKGROUND & AIMS:
Several intervention studies have examined the effect of vitamin D supplementation on influenza or influenza-like illness, but their results have been inconsistent. We prospectively examined the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with influenza among Japanese workers.
METHODS:
We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of workers in 4 companies in the Kanto and Tokai areas of Japan. Physician-diagnosed influenza that occurred during the winter season was ascertained using a self-administered questionnaire. Two controls matched by company, sex, and age (and checkup date in 1 company) were selected for each case. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations at baseline were measured using a competitive protein binding assay. Odds ratio of influenza were estimated by conditional logistic regression with adjustment for covariates.
RESULTS:
Of 182 cases and 364 controls, 179 cases and 353 controls with complete data were included in the analysis. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were not associated with a significantly lower risk of influenza; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for the highest (≥30 ng/mL) versus lowest category (<20 ng/mL) was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.37-1.59) (P for trend = 0.80). In a subgroup of participants without vaccination, vitamin D sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL) was associated with a significantly lower risk of influenza (odds ratio 0.14; 95% confidence interval 0.03-0.74).
CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were not appreciably associated with influenza episodes. However, the lower influenza risk associated with vitamin D sufficiency among unvaccinated participants warrants further investigation.
23 citations of this study as of Feb 2021
- Vitamin D and Influenza—Prevention or Therapy? - Aug 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082419, FREE PDF
- Acute Respiratory Tract Infection and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Aug 2019 PDF 2.5X more likely to be severe if low vitamin D
- Perhaps >4X if >40ng (Off the chart to the left)
Title revision of Aug 2020 caused the visitor count to reset.
There have actually been 15869 visitors to this page since it was originally made