Does Vitamin D Deficiency Affect the Immunogenic Responses to Influenza Vaccination? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Nutrients 2018, 10(4), 409; doi:10.3390/nu10040409 (registering DOI)
- This meta-analysis mostly considered vitamin D levels which were above or below 20 ng
- Probably would have had very different results if they had considered above or below 30 ng
See also VitaminDWiki
- Flu
- 7X less risk of influenza if Vitamin D levels higher than 30 ng – Oct 2017
- Half the risk of Influenza -A in infants taking 1200 IU of vitamin D for 4 months – RCT Jan 2018
- Influenza risk reduced 2X by 2,000 IU of Vitamin D (vs 400), RTI reduced 3X by 400 or more IU – July 2017
- COVID, influenza, hepatitis B, measles, etc. vaccine responses vary with Vitamin D and its receptor
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Ming-Dar Lee 1,†, Chao-Hsu Lin 1,†, Wei-Te Lei 1, Hung-Yang Chang 2, Hung-Chang Lee 2, Chun-Yan Yeung 2, Nan-Chang Chiu 2, Hsin Chi 2, Jui-Ming Liu 3,4,5, Ren-Jun Hsu 3, Yu-Jyun Cheng 1, Tzu-Lin Yeh 1OrcID and Chien-Yu Lin 1,* OrcID
Influenza virus infection is a major global public health problem, and the efficacy of influenza vaccination is not satisfactory. Vitamin D is involved in many immune-mediated inflammatory processes. The impact of vitamin D levels on the immunogenic response to influenza vaccination is not clear. We performed a comprehensive literature search and systematic review of studies that investigated vitamin D and influenza vaccination. Data pertaining to study population, vaccine components, vitamin D levels, and immunogenic response were analyzed. Nine studies, with a combined study population of 2367 patients, were included in the systematic review. Four studies were included in the meta-analysis to investigate the influence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on the seroprotection (SP) rates and seroconversion (SC) rates following influenza vaccination. We found no significant association between vitamin D level and the immunogenic response to influenza vaccination. However, strain-specific differences may exist. We observed lower SP rates of influenza A virus subtype H3N2 (A/H3N2) and B strain in VDD patients than patients with normal vitamin D levels (A/H3N2: 71.8% vs. 80.1%, odds ratio (OR): 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43–0.91, p = 0.01; B strain: 69.6% vs. 76.4%, OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.5–0.93, p = 0.01). However, the SP rates of A/H1N1 and SC rates of all three strains were not significantly different in VDD and control groups. In conclusion, no association was observed between VDD and immunogenic response to influenza vaccination
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