Worse COVID during 3Q pregnancy if 2.5 ng lower Vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2022

Serum vitamin D levels and COVID-19 during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta- analysis

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, September 2022, DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.008
Sadegh Mazaheri-Tehrani, Mohammad Hossein Mirzapour, Maryam Yazdi, Mohammad Fakhrolmobasheri, Amir Parsa Abhari IRAN

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Background: Serum vitamin D level is reported to be associated with the risk of incidence, and severity of COVID-19 in the general population. During pregnancy, immune system alterations in line with changes in vitamin D metabolism may affect the course of COVID-19. Thus, we aimed to systematically review the association between vitamin D, pregnancy, and COVID-19.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar until the end of May 2022. Mean differences (MD) with 95% CI were used as desired effect sizes to assess the association of serum vitamin D levels with risk of incidence and severity of COVID-19 in pregnant women.

Results: Among 259 records, 7 and 6 studies were included in the systematic review and metaanalysis, respectively. All included studies had acceptable quality. Our results demonstrated an insignificant difference between infected women and non-infected controls (MD =-2.55 ng/ml, 95% CI: -6.85 - 1.74). But serum vitamin D levels in severe/moderate cases compared to mild ones (MD=-2.71 ng/ml, 95% CI: -4.16 - -1.25) is significantly lower.

Conclusion: Based on the current evidence, serum vitamin D level does not associate with risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women, but we find a significant association with the severity the of disease. These findings may be helpful in similar conditions and future studies to better understand the complex immune alterations during pregnancy.
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VitaminDWiki - 25 studies in both categories Virus and Pregnancy

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VitaminDWiki – COVID-19 treated by Vitamin D - studies, reports, videos

As of March 31, 2024, the VitaminDWiki COVID page had:  trial results,   meta-analyses and reviews,   Mortality studies   see related:   Governments,   HealthProblems,   Hospitals,  Dark Skins,   All 26 COVID risk factors are associated with low Vit D,   Fight COVID-19 with 50K Vit D weekly   Vaccines   Take lots of Vitamin D at first signs of COVID   166 COVID Clinical Trials using Vitamin D (Aug 2023)   Prevent a COVID death: 9 dollars of Vitamin D or 900,000 dollars of vaccine - Aug 2023
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VitaminDWiki – 26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D includes pregnancy

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