The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review
Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism, online 12 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnim.2018.02.002
C. Itsiopoulosa, , 1, , W. Marxa, 1, H.L. Mayra, O.A. Tatucu-Babeta, S.R. Dashb, E.S. Georgea, c, G.L. Trakmana, J.T. Kellyd, C.J. Thomase, L. Brazionisf, g
Overview Diabetes and vitamin D contains the following summary
- Diabetes is 5X more frequent far from the equator
- Children getting 2,000 IU of vitamin D are 8X less likely to get Type 1 diabetes
- Obese people get less sun / Vitamin D - and also vitamin D gets lost in fat
- Sedentary people get less sun / Vitamin D
- Worldwide Diabetes increase has been concurrent with vitamin D decrease and air conditioning
- Elderly get 4X less vitamin D from the same amount of sun
Elderly also spend less time outdoors and have more clothes on - All items in category Diabetes and Vitamin D
551 items: both Type 1 and Type 2 Vitamin D appears to both prevent and treat diabetes
- Appears that >2,000 IU will Prevent
- Appears that >4,000 IU will Treat , but not cure
- 90% less T2 Diabetes in the group having lots of Vitamin D
- Appears that Magnesium helps both Prevention and Treatment
- Many diabetics would be better treated if Gut-Friendly Vitamin D were used
Number of articles in both categories of Diabetes and:
- Dark Skin
24 ; Intervention 56 ; Meta-analysis 40 ; Obesity 36 ; Pregnancy 44 ; T1 (child) 39 ; Omega-3 11 ; Vitamin D Receptor 24 ; Genetics 13 ; Magnesium 29 Click here to see details Some Diabetes studies
- Take Vitamin D to prevent prediabetes from progressing into diabetes – American Diabetic Association – 2024
- Diabetes and Vitamin D meta-analyses - many studies 39+ as of Nov 2024
- 99.7% of people who got Diabetes had been regularly consuming food emulsifiers - May 2024
- Type 2 Diabetes treated by Vitamin D (often 50,000 IU weekly) – meta-analysis July 2023
- Diabetic inflammation synergistically decreased by Vitamin D and exercise – RCT June 2022
- Incidence of Type-2 Diabetes increased 3X in 30 years (by the way, Vitamin D helps) – July 2022
- Vitamin d treats Type II Diabetes in many ways (14 article review) - Sept 2021
- T2 Diabetes 30 percent more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis of 47 studies – July 2021
50 ng of Vitamin D fights Diabetes
- Saudi study defines normal Vitamin D level to be 50 to 70 ng (diabetes, etc.) - June 2020
- Diabetes 5X less likely if more than 50 ng of Vitamin D – April 2018
T1 Diabetes
- T1 Diabetes 3X lower risk if high vitamin D (over 40 ng) – Meta-analysis Nov 2020
- Type 1 Diabetes is prevented and treated by Vitamin D – review of 16 studies – Sept 2019
- Type 1 Diabetes prevention with Vitamin D and Omega-3 – Symposium April 2019
Pre-Diabetes
- 4X reduction in prediabetes progressing to T2D if more than 50 ng of vitamin D – RCT March 2023
- Prediabetes reduced by weekly 60,000 IU of Vitamin D – RCT Jan 2021
- Prediabetes 1.5 X more likely to go away if take Vitamin D – meta-analysis July 2020
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Magnesium - many studies
Diabetes category starts with the following
551 items In Diabetes category 34+ Prediabetes studies 64+ Type 1 Diabetes studies see also Overview Diabetes and vitamin D Overview Metabolic Syndrome and vitamin D
Autoimmune category listing has204 items along with related searches
Reasons why Omega-3 may not always help focuses on Alzheimer's, but many apply to Diabetes
- Quality of the Omega-3
contaminants as well as the source - fish liver, salmon brain, krill, and plant - Dose size used (200 mg is unlikely to be as good as 2000 mg)
- Larger dose size needed for a heavier person
Omega-3 index would determine that - Larger dose size needed if much of the Omega-3 is fighting other inflammation
Omega-3 index would determine that - The Omega-6 in the body can block the benefits of Omega-3
Omega-3 index would determine that - Genes - Alzheimers APoE4 gene limits DHA
additional genes may limit Omega-3, Magnesium, and Vitamin D - Fraction of Omega-3 EPA and DHA
- The Omega-3 Index is a proven measure of Omega-3 for the blood - but is rarely used in trials
Suspect that Omega-3 benefit is only seen in those who were previously deficient
Wonder if the Omega-3 index is a good proxy measure for Omega-3 in the brain - Omega-3 might be less bio-available in those with poor guts/gallbladder surgery
Omega-3 index would determine that - Omega-3 might not help all three forms of Alzheimer's
See book End of Alzheimer's - Bredesen
Download the accepted manuscript from VitaminDWiki
Highlights
- T2DM is a significant health burden with multiple associated comorbidities.
- There are limited clinical data supporting omega-3 PUFA supplement use in T2DM.
- There is consistent evidence for omega-3 PUFA in reducing elevated triglycerides.
- Issues with omega-3 PUFA supplement use include safety, dose, and contraindications.
Background
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant health and financial burden to individuals and healthcare systems. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) possess numerous properties (e.g. anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-lipidemic) that may be beneficial in the management of T2DM and its complications.Methods
In this narrative review, we discuss the potential mechanisms, clinical evidence-base, and practical considerations regarding the use of omega-3 PUFA supplementation for the management of glycaemic control and common comorbid conditions, including diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, liver disease, cognition and mental health, and cardiometabolic disease.Results/conclusion
Omega-3 PUFA supplementation is generally well-tolerated and does not appear to be contraindicated for patients on anticoagulant therapy; however, uncertainty persists regarding the purity and stability of commercial omega-3 PUFA products. Despite promising animal studies, the current clinical evidence for the use of omega-3 supplementation for the management of T2DM and associated conditions is both limited and conflicting. Results from existing clinical trials do not support the use of omega-3 PUFA for glycaemic control and there are limited studies in T2DM populations to support the use of omega-3 PUFAs for associated complications of diabetes. Possible contributors to the conflicting evidence base are study design issues, such as inadequate intervention period, sample size, omega 3 supplement dose, variations in the EPA to DHA ratio and clinical heterogeneity among diabetic populations.Abbreviations
PUFA, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid; HDL, High Density Lipoprotein; LDL, Low Density Lipoprotein; ALA, Alpha-linolenic Acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic Acid; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, Docosapentaenoic acid; T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; RCT, Randomized Controlled Trial; HbA1c, Glycated haemoglobin; VLDL, Very Low-Density Lipoprotein; CVD, Cardiovascular Disease; TG, Triglycerides; ALT, Alanine transaminase; AST, Aspartate transaminase; GGT, Gamma-glutamyltransferase; CKD, Chronic Kidney Disease; UPE, Urine Protein ExcretionOmega-3 might manage T2 Diabetes – March 2018(Cached) Printer Friendly Follow this page for updates9230 visitors, last modified 18 Mar, 2018, This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)