Vitamin D of 32 to 60 ng is needed before, during, and after pregnancy – Dec 2012

Implications of maternal vitamin D deficiency for the fetus, the neonate and the young infant.

Eur J Nutr. 2012 Dec 9.
Principi N, Bianchini S, Baggi E, Esposito S.
Pediatric Clinic 1, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy.

BACKGROUND: It has recently been demonstrated that vitamin D (VD) deficiency during pregnancy and lactation can give rise to problems in mothers and their children.

AIM: To discuss the implications of VD deficiency during pregnancy and the best VD supplementation to use in order to avoid risks for the mother and child.

METHODS: PubMed was used to select all of the clinical studies published in the last 15 years concerning VD deficiency in pregnant women and its impact on the fetuses, neonates and infants, as well as the use of VD supplementation during pregnancy.

RESULTS: Several studies have suggested that VD deficiency is associated with possible major outcomes in the preconception period, during pregnancy, perinatally and in childhood. A 25(OH)D concentration of >32 and <50-60 ng/mL seems to be associated with the lowest risk of disease, and the administration of 2,000 IU/day to pregnant and breastfeeding women seems to maintain adequate 25(OH)D levels.

However, not all the experts agree with these conclusions because some of them do not think that VD deficiency can really cause extraskeletal manifestations and consider that the traditionally suggested 400-600 IU/day can be enough to permit an adequate bone development.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increasing amount of data seems to suggest that pregnant women need a greater amount of VD than recommended in the past, further studies are needed to determine how much VD has to be given to assure a regular evolution of the pregnancy and an adequate development of the fetus and the young child.

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Deficiency Risk Factors

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See also VitaminDWiki

Optimum category starts with

89 items in Optimum Vitamin D category

Example studies

• Is 50 ng of vitamin D too high, just right, or not enough
• Saudi study defines normal Vitamin D level to be 50 to 70 ng (diabetes, etc.) - June 2020
• French uncertain as to acceptable vitamin D levels: 11, 20, 30, 46 ng ( 80 percent less than 30 ng) - Oct 2013
• Need 40 to 60 ng of Vitamin D – 48 scientists call for action – 2015
• Vitamin D RDA of 600 IU is not enough - global RCT meta-analysis March 2019
• Vitamin D sufficiency 10 to 30 ng, optimal 40 to 80 ng (no consensus)– May 2018
• More than 30 ng of vitamin D is sometimes needed (Kidney needs 50 ng) – March 2019
• Need at least 80 ng of vitamin D if have chronic kidney disease – May 2012
• Vitamin D sufficiency 10 to 30 ng, optimal 40 to 80 ng (no consensus)– May 2018
• Sports benefits from up to 50 ng of Vitamin – meta-analysis - Nov 2012
• Vitamin D of 32 to 60 ng is needed before, during, and after pregnancy – Dec 2012
• Hypothesis by VitaminDWiki – Vitamin D levels are no longer limited by evolution

An increasing number of PubMed articles about "Optimum Vitamin D"

Ensure a healthy pregnancy and baby - take Vitamin D before conception has the following