Wide variety of Autism treatments - Feb 2024

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Advances in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current and Promising Strategies

Curr Med Chem. 2024 Feb 6;31(12):1485–1511. doi: 10.2174/0109298673252910230920151332
Konstantin Yenkoyan 1,2,*, Zadik Ounanian 1, Margarita Mirumyan 1,2, Liana Hayrapetyan 1,3,4, Naira Zakaryan 2, Raisa Sahakyan 2, Geir Bjørklund 5,*

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term for developmental disorders characterized by social and communication impairments, language difficulties, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Current management approaches for ASD aim to resolve its clinical manifestations based on the type and severity of the disability. Although some medications like risperidone show potential in regulating ASD-associated symptoms, a comprehensive treatment strategy for ASD is yet to be discovered. To date, identifying appropriate therapeutic targets and treatment strategies remains challenging due to the complex pathogenesis associated with ASD. Therefore, a comprehensive approach must be tailored to target the numerous pathogenetic pathways of ASD. From currently viable and basic treatment strategies, this review explores the entire field of advancements in ASD management up to cutting-edge modern scientific research. A novel systematic and personalized treatment approach is suggested, combining the available medications and targeting each symptom accordingly. Herein, summarize and categorize the most appropriate ways of modern ASD management into three distinct categories: current, promising, and prospective strategies.
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

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Current/basic strategies

Improvement of E/I Imbalance
Risperidone (FDA approved) strong association with vitamin D - see below
Glutamate modulators
NMDA-receptor modulators
GABA-receptor agonists
rTMS
Oxytocin
Improvement of Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Antioxidants
L-Carnosine
L-Carnitine
Butyrate   (activates the Vitamin D Receptor)
Resveratrol  (activates the Vitamin D Receptor)
Rapamycin
Regulation of Methylation
B12, B9
GI Regulation/Restoring Gut Microbiota
Microbiota Transfer Therapy (MTT)
Probiotics / Prebiotics
PPA Corrections through Biofilm Treatment
Dietary Corrections (GFCFD, KD)
Chelation Therapy
DMSA
Anti-Inflammatory Treatment
NSAIDS
Vitamin D
HBOT
Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation
Zinc and Copper
Selenium
Magnesium and Calcium
Vitamins A, C and E, vitamin D, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamins B9 and B12
Tryptophan supplementation

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Is there any association between Risperidone and Vitamin D? asked Perplexity AI Dec 2024

Yes, there is an association between risperidone and vitamin D, primarily in the context of bone health and metabolic effects. Several studies have explored this relationship:
Bone Health
Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, has been associated with impaired bone mineralization, partially mediated by hyperprolactinemia 1 2
 Long-term use of risperidone may increase the risk of:

1. Hyperprolactinemia
2. Reduced bone mineral density (BMD)
3. Vitamin D deficiency

A study of patients on long-term risperidone treatment found that 30% had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) and 61% had vitamin D insufficiency (<30 ng/ml) 1
Supplementation Effects
Researchers have investigated whether calcium and vitamin D supplementation could mitigate the negative skeletal effects of risperidone:

• A 9-month pilot study on risperidone-treated boys with hyperprolactinemia found that supplementation with 1250 mg calcium carbonate and 400 IU of vitamin D3 did not significantly increase bone mass accrual 2 4
• This suggests that alternative approaches may be needed to optimize bone health in risperidone-treated individuals.

Metabolic Effects
Vitamin D may play a role in modulating some of the metabolic side effects associated with atypical antipsychotics like risperidone:

• A study published in Scientific Reports found that vitamin D might help reduce the risk of hyperglycemia associated with atypical antipsychotics 5
• However, another study observed a negative relationship between vitamin D and dose-adjusted antipsychotic drug concentrations, which could potentially counteract its beneficial effects on psychopathology 7 9

Dosage Relationship
Interestingly, one study found that vitamin D deficient patients received a significantly higher dose of risperidone, although this association needs to be studied in a larger sample size 6
In conclusion, while there is a clear association between risperidone use and vitamin D in terms of bone health and metabolic effects, the relationship is complex. More research is needed to fully understand the interactions and to develop effective strategies for managing the potential negative impacts of risperidone on vitamin D status and related health outcomes.

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VitaminDWiki – Autism category contains:

Autism category has 165 items

 - see also Overview Autism and vitamin D,  Autoimmune ,   Cognitive,    ADHD
Interesting Autistic studies
Autism associated with low Vitamin D

• Most Autism Risk factors are associated with low vitamin D - March 2014
• Rickets – 26 percent had autism: no rickets, no autism (both associated with low vitamin D) – June 2015
• Autistics have half of the response to Vitamin D – RCT Oct 2018
• Vitamin D fights autism - trying to figure out how and why – May 2022

Autism TREATED by Vitamin D

• Autism in children reduced by Vitamin D (used 300 IU per kg per day) – RCT Oct 2016
• Autism treated by Vitamin D (monthly injection of 150,000 IU) – June 2017
• Autism decreased in 8 out of 10 children supplemented with vitamin D – April 2015

Autism PREVENTED by vitamins before and during pregnancy

• Autism risk is reduced by Vitamin D – early pregnancy or chlldhood – Umbrella review – July 2024
• Vitamin D and autism - treat: 300 IU per kg per day, prevent: during pregnancy 5,000 IU – Feb 2017
• Autism reduced 24% for each 4 ng more Vitamin D while pregnant ( ADHD 12%) – Feb 2024
• Autism rate cut in half when multivitamins (including vitamin D) used during pregnancy – Oct 2017
• Autism risk reduced 2X by prenatal vitamins (Vitamin D or Folic) – Feb 2019
• Autism 3X more likely after closely spaced pregnancy vs 3 year apart– Jan 2011
• Low Vitamin D decreases fertility and increases subsequent autism, ADHD, etc – Feb 2018
• Women who had supplemented with any vitamins were 6 X less likely to have autistic offspring – Jan 2018
• Autism rate in siblings reduced 4X by vitamin D: 5,000 IU during pregnancy, 1,000 IU to infants – Feb 2016

Autism and Vitamin D Receptor (not enough Vit D gets to the cells)
This list is automatically updated

Autism - other risk factors

• Autistic symptoms reduced by Vitamin D and or Omega-3 – RCT March 2019
• Autism risk increased if infant had antibiotics (2X), acetaminophen (3X), or no vitamin D drops (1.5X) – June 2018
• 20 X more Parkinson's and 100X more Autism with GMO soy in China
  • Note >100X increase in Autism while having GMO soy in the US

6 Autism and Virus/Vaccines

Dr. Cannell on Autism and Vitamin D in VitaminDWiki

• Autism treated by Vitamin D (80 – 120 ng) – Cannell update May 2018
• Autism Causes, Prevention and Treatment: Vitamin D Deficiency etc. – Book April 2015 Cannell
• Autism cured in a child with Vitamin D, Dr. Cannell comments and cofactor recommendations – March 2015
• Autism and Vitamin D - Dr. Cannell in Life Extension Mag - Jan 2014
• Autism treated by Vitamin D: Dr. Cannell - video June 2013
  • includes his list of 27 reasons to associate Vitamin D with Autism in 2013

7 studies: Autism reduced by Omega-3

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Study does not mention that Omega-3 also treats Autism

6+ VitaminDWiki Omega-3 pages have AUTISM in the title
The list is automatically updated

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Autism Causes, Prevention & Treatment: Vitamin D Deficiency and the Explosive Rise of Autism Spectrum Disorder - book, 2015

By Dr. John Cannell who is autistic
His 27 reasons as of 2013

1. Both have strong inheritance features – Vitamin D about 60%
2. Both have gotten substantially worse in last 30 years
3. Vitamin D is known to be involved in brain development
4. All autistic children are VitD deficient, but not all children who are deficient are autistic: genes are involved
5. When giving vitamin D to cure children of rickets “mental dullness” decreases as well
6. Children with genes which give them too much (Williams Syndrome) have to reverse of autism – too sociable
7. Mothers having lots of fish (and thus more vitamin D) give birth to kids with less autistic symptoms
8. Both associated with weak bones
9. Both worse around the age of weaning
10. Autism is more common in rich families – more likely to apply sun screen and stay indoors
11. Autism increases with drugs which lower levels of vitamin D
12. Seizures are common with Autism - Vitamin D has been shown to reduce seizures
13. Fewer autistic symptoms (such as sleep problems) during summer: when child gets more vitamin D from the sun
14. Both worse with latitude
15. Both vary with Ultraviolet light
16. Both vary with time of year (more birth of autistics in March in Northern hemisphere)
17. 2X more urban autism – less UVB in urban environments
18. Both worse with pollution
19. Both worse with increased clouds and rain
20. Both worse with closely spaced pregnancies
21. Autistics have abnormal immune response – similar to that of vitamin D deficiency
22. Low levels of vitamin D in mother animals reduces brain function in offspring
23. Vitamin deficient rat pups have similar brain abnormalities to that of human autistic children
24. Autistic children get less vitamin D in their blood for the same amount of sun exposure
25. The 4 males/1 female ratio - Note estrogen increases vitamin D in the brain (testosterone does not)
26. Both worse in African Americans (A-A 2-3 increased autism rate)
27. Both worse in Dark-skinned immigrants in Europe