Vitamin D Status and Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
PLOS ONE, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081120; Published: Nov 15, 2013
Sadeq A. Quraishi squraishi at partners.org
Edward A. Bittner,
Kenneth B. Christopher,
Carlos A. Camargo Jr.
Objective: To investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and history of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
Patients and Methods: We identified 16,975 individuals (≥17 years) from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) with documented 25(OH)D levels. To investigate the association of 25(OH)D with history of CAP in these participants, we developed a multivariable logistic regression model, adjusting for demographic factors (age, sex, race, poverty-to-income ratio, and geographic location), clinical data (body mass index, smoking status, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, stroke, chronic kidney disease, neutropenia, and alcohol consumption), and season. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) was used to depict the relationship between increasing 25(OH)D levels and the cumulative frequency of CAP in the study cohort.
Results: The median [interquartile range (IQR)] serum 25(OH)D level was 24 (IQR 18–32) ng/mL. 2.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9–2.3] of participants reported experiencing a CAP within one year of their participation in the national survey. After adjusting for demographic factors, clinical data, and season, 25(OH)D levels <30 ng/mL were associated with 56% higher odds of CAP [odds ratio 1.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.17–2.07] compared to levels ≥30 ng/mL. LOWESS analysis revealed a near linear relationship between vitamin D status and the cumulative frequency of CAP up to 25(OH)D levels around 30 ng/mL.
Conclusion: Among 16,975 participants in NHANES III, 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with history of CAP.
Randomized controlled trials are warranted to determine the effect of optimizing vitamin D status on the risk of CAP.
CAP vs Vitamin D levels (color added by VitaminDWiki)
PDF is attached at the bottom of this page
See also VitaminDWiki
- Severe Pneumonia (CAP) results in death 2 times more often if very low vitamin D – July 2016
- Any supplementation with vitamin D reduced chance of pneumonia by 50 percent – Oct 2013
- Pneumonia and low vitamin D - many studies CAP
- ICU patients with pneumonia stay 7 days longer if low vitamin D - Dec 2011
- Search pneumoma in VitaminDWiki 270 items as of Oct 2013
See also web
- Community-acquired_pneumonia Wikipedia Nov 2013
normal social contact (that is, in the community) as opposed to being acquired during hospitalization
CAP occurs throughout the world and is a leading cause of illness and death.
There are over a hundred microorganisms which can cause CAP.