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Jordanian women vitamin D – 16 ng if Western clothing – 12 ng otherwise – Aug 2011

Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D among Jordanians: Effect of biological and habitual factors on vitamin D status

BMC Clinical Pathology 2011, 11:8doi:10.1186/1472-6890-11-8. Published: 4 August 2011, Abstract (provisional)
Eyad M Mallah, Mohammad F Hamad, Mays A ElManaseer, Nidal A Qinna, Nasir M Idkaidek, Tawfiq A Arafat and Khalid Z Matalka

Background: Vitamin D is cutaneously synthesized following sun exposure (vitamin D3) as well as it is derived from dietary intake (vitamin D3 and D2). Vitamin D2 and D3 are metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). This metabolite is considered the functional indicator of vitamin D stores in humans. Since Jordan latitude is 31oN, cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3 should be sufficient all year round. However, many indications reveal that it is not the case. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the 25(OH)D status among Jordanians.

Methods: Three hundred healthy volunteers were enrolled in a cross sectional study; 201 females and 99 males. 25(OH)D and calcium concentrations were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and spectroscopy techniques, respectively. All participants filled a study questionnaire that covered age, sex, height, weight, diet, and dress style for females. Females were divided according to their dress style: Western style, Hijab (all body parts are covered except the face and hands), and Niqab (all body parts are covered including face and hands).

Results
The average plasma 25(OH)D levels in males and females were 44.5 +/-10.0 nmol/l and 31.1 +/- 12.0 nmol/l, respectively. However, when female 25(OH)D levels were categorized according to dress styles, the averages became 40.3, 31.3 and 28.5 nmol/l for the Western style, Hijab and Niqab groups, respectively. These 25(OH)D levels were significantly less than those of males (p<0.05, 0.001, 0.001, respectively). In addition, the plasma 25(OH)D levels of the Western style group was significantly higher than those of Hijab and Niqab groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, dairy consumption in males was a positive significant factor in vitamin D status. Even though calcium concentrations were within the reference range, the Hijab and Niqab-dressed females have significantly less plasma calcium levels than males (p< 0.01).

Conclusions
Very low plasma 25(OH)D levels in females wearing Hijab or Niqab are highly attributed to low sunlight or UVB exposure. In addition, most of males (76%) and Western style dressed females (90%) have 25(OH)D concentrations below the international recommended values (50 nmol/l), suggesting that although sun exposure should be enough, other factors do play a role in these low concentrations. These findings emphasize the importance of vitamin D supplementation especially among conservatively dressed females, and determining if single nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes involved in vitamin D metabolism do exist among Jordanians.


Jordanian Women’s vitamin D levels by dress styles

  • Western 16 ng
  • Hijab 12.5 ng
  • Niqab 11.4 ng


PDF is at the bottom of this page


See also VitaminDWiki


VitaminDWiki pages containing CLOTH in title (21 as of Dec 2021)

Items found: 22
Title Modified
More hijab clothing may have resulted in 6X increase in Multiple Sclerosis in Tehran – May 2013 23 Aug, 2023
Concealing Clothing in Canada: half the level of vitamin D in blood – May 2012 22 Apr, 2022
Saudi females twice as likely to be vitamin D deficient as males (cloth) – July 2015 27 Dec, 2021
Ultra-orthodox Jews also suffer from 10 ng vitamin D levels (cloth) – Nov 2010 10 Dec, 2021
Need 1 hour of noon sun to get Hijab women to 20 ng of Vitamin D (cloth) – June 2019 10 Dec, 2021
COVID-19 increased 3.5 X if Ultra-Orthodox (cloth) Sept, 2020 10 Dec, 2021
400 IU of vitamin D helped a few adults (Orthodox Jewish mothers - heavy clothing) – 2001 10 Dec, 2021
Jordanian women vitamin D – 16 ng if Western clothing – 12 ng otherwise – Aug 2011 07 Aug, 2021
Burka clothing reduces vitamin D levels, which causes pregnancy problems – Oct 2015 07 Aug, 2021
Ultra-Orthodox Jews have concealing clothing, high levels of COVID-19, and ultra low Vitamin D - Feb 2021 07 Aug, 2021
Concealing clothing resulted in only 8 ng vitamin D – Feb 2011 07 Aug, 2021
Concealing clothing often results in low vitamin D levels (Sikh children in this case) – Aug 2021 07 Aug, 2021
Concealing clothing worn by Christian Orthodox monks result in low vitamin D (9 ng) – Nov 2018 14 Nov, 2018
Weak bones (Osteopenia) in 93 percent of women in Pakistan attending University and wearing Islamic clothes – March 2017 18 Mar, 2017
Permethrin-dipped clothing kills Zika mosquitoes even after 10 washings – Oct 2016 09 Sep, 2016
3 primates have higher levels of vitamin D than clothed humans, level varies between individuals – April 2015 10 May, 2015
Iran Multiple Sclerosis review finds huge increase in women (no mention of clothing) – Nov 2013 10 Aug, 2014
If heavily clothed, very little vitamin D – Dec 2012 22 Mar, 2014
Breast Cancer patients wearing concealing clothing were 13X more likely to be vitamin D deficient – March 2014 14 Mar, 2014
Excessive clothes and being indoors results in very low vitamin D levels – Nov 2011 01 Dec, 2013
UPF = SPF for clothing 01 Feb, 2012
Skin color and clothing but not sunscreens reduce vitamin D – Oct 2010 16 Oct, 2010
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Created by admin. Last Modification: Monday December 27, 2021 14:47:29 GMT-0000 by admin. (Version 11)

Attached files

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678 Vitamin D and Jordan women - 2011).pdf admin 05 Aug, 2011 172.52 Kb 2271