Vitamin K in Chronic Kidney Disease.
Nutrients. 2019 Jan 14;11(1). pii: E168. doi: 10.3390/nu11010168.
Cozzolino M1, Mangano M2, Galassi A3, Ciceri P4, Messa P5, Nigwekar S6.
Poor kidneys rarely get enough or the right form of vitamin D – Feb 2019
Items in both categories Kidney and Vitamin K are listed here:
Kidney category starts with
Overview Vitamin K and Vitamin D contains the following summary
Vitamin K2 is similar to D3 in many ways
- Both vitamins were initially confused with its lesser form (D2 ==> D3, K1 ==> K2)
- Both vitamins appear to influence health in large number of ways
- Both vitamins in the body are about 1/10 that of a century ago
Example: Grass-fed beef has a lot more K2, D3, and Magnesium - Need very little of both vitamins: <1 milligram daily
- When Vitamin D3 is increased, it appears that Vitamin K2 should also be increased
- Vitamin K2 understanding and research is about 20 years behind that of Vitamin D3
One of the reasons: No simple blood test for K2 as of Jan 2020
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Vitamin K is a composite term referring to a group of fat-soluble vitamins that function as a cofactor for the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), which activates a number of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) involved in haemostasis and vascular and bone health. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients suffer from subclinical vitamin K deficiency, suggesting that this represents a population at risk for the biological consequences of poor vitamin K status. This deficiency might be caused by exhaustion of vitamin K due to its high requirements by vitamin K-dependent proteins to inhibit calcification.