Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016 Apr;12(4):201-10. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.140. Epub 2015 Oct 13.
Jeffery LE1, Raza K2, Hewison M1.
1Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
2Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
Increasing RA ==> right
In addition to its well-documented involvement in mineral homeostasis, vitamin D seems to have broad effects on human health that go beyond the skeletal system. Prominent among these so-called nonclassical effects of vitamin D are its immunomodulatory properties. In vitro studies have shown anti-inflammatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the active form of vitamin D. In addition, epidemiological analysis of patients with established inflammatory disease identified associations between vitamin D deficiency (low serum concentrations of inactive 25-hydroxyvitamin D, abbreviated to 25(OH)D) and inflammatory conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
The association of vitamin D deficiency with RA severity supports the hypothesis of a role for vitamin D in the initiation or progression of the disease, or possibly both. However, whether 25(OH)D status is a cause or consequence of RA is still incompletely understood and requires further analysis in prospective vitamin D supplementation trials. The characterization of factors that promote the transition from preclinical to clinical phases of RA has become a major focus of research, with the aim to facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment, and improve therapeutic outcomes. In this Review, we aim to describe the current knowledge of vitamin D and the immune system specifically in RA, and discuss the potential benefits that vitamin D might have on slowing RA progression.
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Meta-analysis of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Vitamin D in VitaminDWiki
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