Healthcare costs of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in veterans: role of vitamin D deficiency.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011 Jun 22.
Youssef D, Bailey B, El-Abbassi A, Vannoy M, Manning T, Moorman JP, Peiris AN.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA, estecina at hotmail.com.
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections are frequently associated with hospitalization and increased healthcare costs.
Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to increased costs for patients with these infections and there is evidence that vitamin D may have an antimicrobial role.
To evaluate the role of vitamin D deficiency in the costs incurred with these infections, we studied the relationship of serum 25(OH)D levels to healthcare costs in veterans in the southeastern United States.
Patients with both infections were vitamin D deficient to a similar extent and so were combined for further analysis. Vitamin D deficient patients had higher costs and service utilization than those who were not vitamin D deficient.
Those with vitamin D deficiency had higher inpatient costs compared to the non-deficient group, and this difference was across most categories except for the number of inpatient hospitalizations or total number of days as an inpatient.
Vitamin D deficiency was not significantly related to outpatient cost or service utilization parameters.
We conclude that vitamin D deficiency is intimately linked to adverse healthcare costs in veterans with MRSA and P. aeruginosa infections. Vitamin D status should be assayed in patients with these infections.
PMID: 21695580
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2X more inpatient MRSA costs when <20 ng of vitamin D
Extracted from a table in the paper (for ease of translation)
Table 2 Associations between vitamin D status and cost/ service parameters in veterans (N = 58) with MRSA or Pseudomonas infections
Vitamin D level p <20 ng/ml >20 ng/ml
Out patient
Primary care costs | $296 | $321 | 0.41 |
Pharmacy costs | $1,617 | $2,126 | 0.28 |
Laboratory costs | $578 | $772 | 0.24 |
Radiology costs | $626 | $551 | 0.38 |
Surgery costs | $173 | $383 | 0.19 |
Emergency room costs | $87 | $172 | 0.25 |
Total outpatient costs | $12,665 | $15,869 | 0.23 |
Total number of clinic visits | 29.6 | 37.5 | 0.18 |
Inpatient
Pharmacy costs | $3,384 | $1,337 | 0.05 |
Laboratory costs | $1,870 | $553 | 0.03 |
Radiology costs | $1,756 | $626 | 0.06 |
Surgery costs | $1,750 | $374 | 0.05 |
Total inpatient costs | $39,640 | $15,205 | 0.04 |
Total number of stays | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.95 |
Total number of inpatient days | 18.5 | 10.2 | 0.14 |
See also VitaminDWiki
- All items in category Immunity and vitamin D
268 items - Search VitaminDWiki for MRSA 164 items as of July 2019
- HMOs and many others can save money with vitamin D
- Overview Influenza and vitamin D
- Staph infection reduced 50 percent when have more than 30 ng of vitamin D – Aug 2011
- Vitamin D's potential to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired infections – May 2012
- 2X more likely to get hospital infection if low vitamin D (10 ng) when enter – Oct 2013
- Hypothesis: antibiotic resistant bacteria can be controlled with vitamin D
See also web
- Google search web for MRSA and "Vitamin D" 1,440,000 items July 2019
- MRSA at Vitamin D Council
- Vitamin D Council review of MRSA study Aug 2015
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