Nutrition availability for those incarcerated in jail: Implications for mental health
Int J Prison Health . 2022 Aug 4 doi: 10.1108/IJPH-02-2022-0009.
Katherine Mommaerts 1, Nanette V Lopez 2, Carolyn Camplain 3, Chesleigh Keene 4, Ashley Marie Hale 5, Ricky Camplain 6
Purpose: Using a seven-day cycle menu and commissary items at a rural county jail, this study aims to describe provisions of micronutrients known to be associated with mental health disorders and if they meet dietary guidelines.
Design/methodology/approach: The nutritional content of a seven-day cycle menu and four available commissary food packs were evaluated using NutritionCalc® Plus software (McGraw-Hill Education version 5.0.19) and compared to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI).
Findings: Menu mean values of Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C and zinc met DRI recommendations.
However,
- Vitamin D (for men and women),
- magnesium (for men only) and
- omega-3s (for men only) did not meet the DRI recommendations.
Originality/value: As deficits of Vitamin D, magnesium and omega-3s are known to exacerbate bipolar disorder, anxiety and depression, small changes to food would increase the offerings and potential intake of nutrients that may improve mental health.
Vitamin D, Magnesium, and Omega-3 are the 3 most important nutrients in VitaminDWiki
VitaminDWiki pages with PRISONERS in title (12 as of Aug 2022)
This list is automatically updated
References
- Adan, R.A., Van Der Beek, E.M., Buitelaar, J.K., Cryan, J.F., Hebebrand, J., Higgs, S., Schellekens, H. and Dickson, S.L. (2019), “Nutritional psychiatry: towards improving mental health by what you eat”, European Neuropsychopharmacology, Vol. 29 No. 12, pp. 1321-1332.
- Bozzatello, P., De Rosa, M.L., Rocca, P. and Bellino, S. (2020), “Effects of omega 3 fatty acids on main dimensions of psychopathology”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 21 No. 17, p. 6042.
- Camplain, R., Warren, M., Baldwin, J.A., Camplain, C., Fofanov, V.Y. and Trotter, R.T. (2019), “Epidemiology of incarceration: characterizing jail incarceration for public health research”, Epidemiology, Vol. 30 No. 4, pp. 561-568.
- Camplain, R., Pinn, T.A., Bencenti, L., Williamson, H.J., Pro, G., Luna, C. and Bret, J. (2022a), “Patterns of physical activity among women incarcerated in jail”, Journal of Correctional Health Care, Vol. 28 No. 1, pp. 6-11.
- Camplain, R., Williamson, H.J., Pinn, T.A., Shuman, S., Robinson, B.M., Evans, M. and Luna, C. (2022b), “Barriers and facilitators to attending and being physically active during recreation time among women incarcerated”, Research Square, pp. 1-19, doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1475238/v1.
- Collins, S.A. and Thompson, S.H. (2012), “What are we feeding our inmates?”, Journal of Correctional Health Care, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 210-218.
- Comartin, E.B., Milanovic, E., Nelson, V. and Kubiak, S. (2021), “Mental health identification practices of jails: the unmet needs of the ‘silent’ population: special issue: criminal justice and community psychology: our values and our work”, American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 67 Nos 1/2, pp. 7-20.
- Condon, L., Hek, G. and Harris, F. (2008), “Choosing health in prison: prisoners’ views on making healthy choices in English prisons”, Health Education Journal, Vol. 67 No. 3, pp. 155-166.
- Cook, E.A., Lee, Y.M., White, B.D. and Gropper, S.S. (2015), “The diet of inmates: an analysis of a 28-day cycle menu used in a large county jail in the state of Georgia”, Journal of Correctional Health Care, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 390-399.
- Del-Ponte, B., Quinte, G.C., Cruz, S., Grellert, M. and Santos, I.S. (2019), “Dietary patterns and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a systematic review and Meta-analysis”, Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 252, pp. 160-173.
- Dome, P., Tombor, L., Lazary, J., Gonda, X. and Rihmer, Z. (2019), “Natural health products, dietary minerals and over-the-counter medications as add-on therapies to antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a review”, Brain Research Bulletin, Vol. 146, pp. 51-78.
- Dumont, D.M., Brockmann, B., Dickman, S., Alexander, N. and Rich, J.D. (2012), “Public health and the epidemic of incarceration”, Annual Review of Public Health, Vol. 33 No. 1, pp. 325-339.
- Edwards, J.S., Hartwell, H.J., Reeve, W.G. and Schafheitle, J. (2007), “The diet of prisoners in England”, British Food Journal, Vol. 109 No. 3, pp. 216-232.
- Eves, A. and Gesch, B. (2003), “Food provision and the nutritional implications of food choices made by young adult males, in a young offenders' institution”, Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol. 16 No. 3, pp. 167-179.
- Federal Bureau Of Prisons (2022), “Statistics: inmate age”, Online, available at: www.bop.gov/about/statistics/statistics_inmate_age.jsp (accessed 12 January 2022).
- Firth, J., Solmi, M., Wootton, R.E., Vancampfort, D., Schuch, F.B., Hoare, E., Gilbody, S., Torous, J., Teasdale, S.B. and Jackson, S.E. (2020), “A meta‐review of ‘lifestyle psychiatry’: the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders”, World Psychiatry, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 360-380.
- Gately, D. and Kaplan, B.J. (2009), “Database analysis of adults with bipolar disorder consuming a micronutrient formula”, Clinical Medicine Insights: Psychiatry, Vol. 2, p. CMPsy-S2278.
- Hutchison, D. (2017), “Inadequate mental health services for mentally ill inmates”, Whittier Law Review, Vol. 38, p. 161.
- Jacobs, L.A. and Giordano, S.N. (2018), “‘It’s not like therapy’: patient-inmate perspectives on jail psychiatric services”, Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, Vol. 45 No. 2, pp. 265-275.
- Kaplan, B.J., Isaranuwatchai, W. and Hoch, J.S. (2017), “Hospitalization cost of conventional psychiatric care compared to broad-spectrum micronutrient treatment: literature review and case study of adult psychosis”, International Journal of Mental Health Systems, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 1-7.
- Kris-Etherton, P.M., Petersen, K.S., Hibbeln, J.R., Hurley, D., Kolick, V., Peoples, S., Rodriguez, N. and Woodward-Lopez, G. (2021), “Nutrition and behavioral health disorders: depression and anxiety”, Nutrition Reviews, Vol. 79 No. 3, pp. 247-260.
- Mccotter, T. (2015), “Standard G02.04.01: preparation of meals”, Online, National Institute for Jail Operations NIJO, available at: https://jailtraining.org/standard-g02-04-01-preparation-of-meals/ (accessed 18 October 2021).
- Mcguire, S. (2011), “US department of agriculture and US department of health and human services, dietary guidelines for Americans, 2010”, Advances in Nutrition, Vol. 2, US government printing office, Washington, DC, pp. 293-294, January 2011.
- Maruschak, L.M. and Minton, T.D. (2020), “Correctional populations in the United States, 2017-2018”, NCJ, Vol. 252157, pp. 1-17.
- Masana, M.F., Tyrovolas, S., Kollia, N., Chrysohoou, C., Skoumas, J., Haro, J.M., Tousoulis, D., Papageorgiou, C., Pitsavos, C. and B Panagiotakos, D. (2019), “Dietary patterns and their association with anxiety symptoms among older adults: the ATTICA study”, Nutrients, Vol. 11 No. 6, p. 1250.
- National Alliance on Mental Illness (2019), “Mental health by the numbers”, National Alliance on Mental Illness Arlington (VA).
- National Institute Of Mental Health (2022a), “Any anxiety disorder”, Online. US Department of Heath and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, available at: www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-anxiety-disorder (accessed Jan 26 2022).
- National Institute of Mental Health (2022b), “Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)”, Online. US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, available at: www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disor... (accessed 26 January 2022).
- National Institute of Mental Health (2022c), “Bipolar disorder”, Online. US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, available at: www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/bipolar-disorder (accessed 26 January 2022).
- National Institute of Mental Health (2022d), “Major depression”, Online. US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, available at: www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression (accessed 26 January 2022).
- Office of Dietary Supplements (2021a), “Magnesium: fact sheet for health professionals”, Online, US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed Oct 21 2021).
- Office of Dietary Supplements (2021b), “Vitamin B6: fact sheet for health professionals”, Online, US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-HealthProfessional/ (accessed 21 October 2021).
- Office of Dietary Supplements (2021c), “Vitamin B12: fact sheet for health professionals”, Online, US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/ (accessed 21 October 2021).
- Office of Dietary Supplements (2021d), “Vitamin C: fact sheet for health professionals”, Online, US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ (accessed 21 October 2021).
- Office of Dietary Supplements (2021e), “Vitamin D: fact sheet for health professionals”, Online, US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/ (accessed 21 October 2021).
- Office of Dietary Supplements (2021f), “Zinc: fact sheet for health professionals”, Online, US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/ (accessed 21 October 2021).
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2021), “Healthy people 2020: incarceration”, Online, available at: www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-h... (accessed December 2021).
- Parker, G.B., Brotchie, H. and Graham, R.K. (2017), “Vitamin D and depression”, Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 208, pp. 56-61.
- Patrick, R.P. and Ames, B.N. (2015), “Vitamin D and the omega‐3 fatty acids control serotonin synthesis and action, part 2: relevance for ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive behavior”, The FASEB Journal, Vol. 29 No. 6, pp. 2207-2222.
- Penckofer, S., Kouba, J., Byrn, M. and Estwing Ferrans, C. (2010), “Vitamin D and depression: where is all the sunshine?”, Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Vol. 31 No. 6, pp. 385-393.
- Rucklidge, J.J., Gately, D. and Kaplan, B.J. (2010), “Database analysis of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder consuming a micronutrient formula”, BMC Psychiatry, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 1-14.
- Rucklidge, J., Taylor, M. and Whitehead, K. (2011), “Effect of micronutrients on behavior and mood in adults with ADHD: evidence from an 8-week open label trial with natural extension”, Journal of Attention Disorders, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 79-91.
- Schoenthaler, S., Gast, D., Giltay, E. J. and Amos, S. (2021), “The effects of vitamin-mineral supplements on serious rule violations in correctional facilities for young adult male inmates: a randomized controlled trial”, Crime & Delinquency, p. 11128721989073.
- Segal, A.G., Frasso, R. and Sisti, D.A. (2018), “County jail or psychiatric hospital? Ethical challenges in correctional mental health care”, Qualitative Health Research, Vol. 28 No. 6, pp. 963-976.
- Smoyer, A.B. (2019), “Food in correctional facilities: a scoping review”, Appetite, Vol. 141, p. 104312.
- Smoyer, A. and Minke, K. (2015), “Food systems in correctional settings”, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, available at: www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/292965/Food-systems-correct...
- Stallings, V., Harrison, M. and Oria, M. (2019), Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium 2019, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, Washington, DC.
- Torrey, E.F., Kennard, A.D., Eslinger, D., Lamb, R. and Pavle, J. (2010), More Mentally Ill Persons Are in Jails and Prisons than Hospitals: A Survey of the States, Treatment Advocacy Center, Arlington, VA, pp. 1-18.
- Trotter, R.T. II, Camplain, R., Eaves, E.R., Fofanov, V.Y., Dmitrieva, N.O., Hepp, C.M., Warren, M., Barrios, B.A., Pagel, N. and Mayer, A. (2018), “Health disparities and converging epidemics in jail populations: protocol for a mixed-methods study”, JMIR Research Protocols, Vol. 7 No. 10, p. e10337.
- Vann, M. and Young, A. (2021), “Bipolar disorder foods to avoid”, Online, available at: www.everydayhealth.com/bipolar-disorder/the-five-worst-foods-for-bipolar... (accessed 17 October 2021).
- Wangmo, T., Handtke, V., Bretschneider, W. and Elger, B.S. (2018), “Improving the health of older prisoners: nutrition and exercise in correctional institutions”, Journal of Correctional Health Care, Vol. 24 No. 4, p. 1078345818793121.
- Wilper, A.P., Woolhandler, S., Boyd, J.W., Lasser, K.E., Mccormick, D., Bor, D.H. and Himmelstein, D.U. (2009), “The health and health care of US prisoners: results of a nationwide survey”, American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 99 No. 4, pp. 666-672.
- World Health Organization (2021), “Nutrition”, Online, available at: www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/prisons-and-health... (accessed 17 October 2021).
- Zeng, Z. (2020), Jail Inmates in 2018, Bureau of justice statistics, Washington, DC, available at: https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/jail-inmates-2018