Low Vitamin D increased chance of COVID-19, unless supplement – May 13, 2020

Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Treatment with COVID-19 Incidence

David O Meltzer dmeltzer at medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu, Thomas J Best, Hui Zhang, Tamara Vokes, Vineet Arora, Julian Solway
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.20095893
''This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review.
It reports new medical research that has yet to be evaluated and so should not be used to guide clinical practice.''

Data for the chart comes from table 4

 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

Importance: Vitamin D treatment has been found to decrease incidence of viral respiratory tract infection, especially in vitamin D deficiency. It is unknown whether COVID-19 incidence is associated with vitamin D deficiency and treatment.

Objective: To examine whether vitamin D deficiency and treatment are associated with testing positive for COVID-19. Design: Retrospective cohort study Setting: University of Chicago Medicine Participants: Patients tested for COVID-19 from 3/3/2020-4/10/2020. Vitamin D deficiency was defined by the most recent 25-hydroxycholecalciferol <20ng/ml or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol <18pg/ml within 1 year before COVID-19 testing. Treatment was defined by the most recent vitamin D type and dose, and treatment changes between the time of the most recent vitamin D level and time of COVID-19 testing. Vitamin D deficiency and treatment changes were combined to categorize vitamin D status at the time of COVID-19 testing as likely deficient(last-level-deficient/treatment-not-increased), likely sufficient(last-level-not-deficient/treatment-not-decreased), or uncertain deficiency(last-level-deficient/treatment-increased or last-level-not-deficient/treatment-decreased).

Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was testing positive for COVID-19. Multivariable analysis tested whether the most recent vitamin D level and treatment changes after that level were associated with testing positive for COVID-19 controlling for demographic and comorbidity indicators. Bivariate analyses of associations of treatment with vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 were performed.

Results: Among 4,314 patients tested for COVID-19, 499 had a vitamin D level in the year before testing. Vitamin D status at the time of COVID-19 testing was categorized as likely deficient for 127(25%) patients, likely sufficient for 291(58%) patients, and uncertain for 81(16%) patients. In multivariate analysis, testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with increasing age (RR(age<50)=1.05, p<0.021; RR(age≥50)=1.02,p<0.064)), non-white race(RR=2.54,p<0.01) and being likely vitamin D deficient (deficient/treatment-not-increased: RR=1.77,p<0.02) as compared to likely vitamin D sufficient(not-deficient/treatment-not-decreased), with predicted COVID-19 rates in the vitamin D deficient group of 21.6%(95%CI[14.0%-29.2%] ) versus 12.2%(95%CI[8.9%-15.4%]) in the vitamin D sufficient group. Vitamin D deficiency declined with increasing vitamin D dose, especially of vitamin D3. Vitamin D dose was not significantly associated with testing positive for COVID-19.

Conclusions and Relevance: Vitamin D deficiency that is not sufficiently treated is associated with COVID-19 risk. Testing and treatment for vitamin D deficiency to address COVID-19 warrant aggressive pursuit and study.

---

COVID-19 treated by Vitamin D - studies, reports, videos

As of April 17 the page had:  34 trials,  5 trial results,  17 meta-analyses and reviews,   55 observations,   34 recommendations,   53 associations,  86 speculations,  43 videos   see related:   Governments,   HealthProblems,   Hospitals,  Dark Skins,   26 risk factors are ALL associated with low Vit D,   Recent Virus pages   Fight COVID-19 with 50K Vit D weekly

Top Vitamin D and COVID-19 recent updates

• Vitamin D supplementation and high levels reduce COVID-19 deaths in elderly – Review April 17, 2021
• Severe childhood COVID-19 associated with Vitamin D deficiency (hospital in Finland) – March 2021
• Kidney patients who happened to be getting high-dose Calcitriol were 9X less likely to die of COVID-19 - April 6, 2021
• Overview of reviews of COVID-19 and vitamin D, etc. – April 2021
• Less COVID-19 infection, mortality in countries with higher Vitamin D (Asia in this case) – May 2021
• COVID-19 was the third-leading cause of death in the US, especially in those with dark skins - April 1, 2021
• Children with COVID-19 and low levels of Vitamin D have more severe cases – March 31, 2021
• Risk of COVID-19 death was 4.9 X higher if very low vitamin D – March 31, 2021 17th mortality observation
• Diabetes has many bidirectional links with COVID-19 – March 2021
  • Diabetes is one of the 26 health risks identified by the CDC for getting COVID-19 - ALL of which are associated with low vitamin D
• COVID-19 was 2.6X more severe if very low Vitamin D (43 studies) – meta-analysis March 26, 2021
• To protect against COVID-19, how much vitamin D – 20 to 50 ng – March 19, 2021
• COVID-19 mortality for Parkinson’s is 1 in 5, speculates that vitamin D could help - March 18, 2021
• Prefer 40 – 60 ng of Vitamin D to minimize COVID-19 – March 17, 2021
• The lower the Vitamin D, the worse the COVID-19 (600 in Turkey)– March 2021
  • 
• COVID-19 prognostic indicators in plasma extrapolate to zero if Vitamin D is 40 to 80 ng – March 2021
• COVID public health messages 1, 2, and 3 should be - vitamin d vitamin d, vitamin d (video and transcript) - Mar 5, 2021
• COVID-19 mortality 2X higher if low Vitamin D (Mexican hospital, preprint) - March 2021
  • 
• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and long-haul COVID-19
  • low vitamin D, autoimmune and cytokine storms may be involved on both
• 2.1 X more COVID-19 deaths in European countries with less than 20 ng of vitamin D – March 12, 2021
• Supporting non-standard but proven ways to fight COVID-19 can result in job loss – March 2021
• 3X less likely to die of COVID-19 if good level of vitamin D (seniors in Boston)– March 8, 2021
• Low Vitamin D associated with 2.7X more severe COVID-19 – 12th MA March 5, 2021
• COVID-19 fought by Vitamin D or Heat - Drs Seheult and Patrick video - March 3, 2021
• Vitamin D Deficiency and Covid-19: Book by Drs Anderson and Grimes - July 2020
• Vitamin D recommendations for COVID-19 – Spanish Geriatrics Society – March 2021
• 250,000 FREE bottles of vitamin D to fight COVID-19 by Dr. Murray at iHerb – March 3 2021 Dr. Oz show
• Vitamin D and COVID-19 webinar - Feb 24, 2021
• Mongolia's National Vitamin D3 Program started in 2019
• COVID-19 what it is, prevention by Functional Nutrition doctor - Feb 2021
• Vitamin D reduced COVID-19 inflammation (60,000 IU daily for 8 days) - RCT Feb 2021
• All COVID-19 in ICU had low vitamin D, no difference in outcome if low vs very low – Feb 2021
• Low-cost Ivermectin and Vitamin D fight COVID-19 – Marik video 1 hr – Feb 18, 2021
• Low vitamin D associated with COVID-19 problems in NYC hospitals – Feb 2021
• All COVID-19 patients had low vitamin D, the lowest were more likely to die – Feb 18, 2021
• 200,000 IU of Vitamin D can not catch up when COVID-19 has a 10 day head start – RCT Feb 17, 2021
• 5X less likely to enter ICU with COVID-19 if get Calcifediol (semi-activated vitamin D) - RCT Feb 19, 2021
• Ultra-Orthodox Jews have high levels of COVID-19 (and ultra low Vitamin D ) - Feb 2021
• c19study.com/d Summary of Vitamin D and COVID studies (the following is updated automatically)
• 

• Vitamin D can prevent severe COVID-19 in Latin America too – review Feb 1, 2021
• Vitamin D and COVID-19: 1 hour simple video - Jan 31, 2021
• Higher vitamin D in a country is associated with fewer COVID-19 cases (in Asia) Feb 3, 2021 44th association
  • 
• Vitamin-D and COVID-19: time for the profession to take a stand – Jan 20, 2021
• Roll Call of Credible Experts Advocating Vitamin D for COVID-19 - Jan 26, 2021
• Call for immediate action - Fight COVID-19 with vitamin D (up to 4,000 IU) - Jan 28, 2021
• Vitamin D, Zinc, etc. look promising for COVID-19 (Holick) – Jan 25, 2021
• Heavy Smokers 2.2 X more likely to be hospitalized with COVID-19 (they typically have 10 ng less Vitamin D) Jan 25 FREE PDF
• Vitamin D plus Inositol might help pregnancies during COVID-19 – April 2021
• MATH plus protocol for COVID-19 includes Calcifediol or Vitamin D - Jan 2021
• Vitamin D supplementation fights COVID-19 – 11th meta-analysis Jan 24, 2021
• Vitamin D helps the immune system fight COVID-19 – video Jan 21, 2021
• COVID-19 2.7 X more likely to be severe if less than 8 ng of vitamin D (China) – Jan 2021
• 2.7 fewer COVID-19 hospital deaths in those having more than 30 ng of vitamin D – Mayo Jan 9, 2021
• Vitamin D Help Us Fight Infections - interview of Dr. Thakkar (transcript) Jan 20, 2021
• COVID-19 onset strongly associated with latitude in Europe (Vitamin D)– Jan 21, 2021
• France: 73 experts and 6 academies recommend vitamin D to prevent COVID-19 Jan 19, 2021
• Worse COVID-19 patients got 400,000 IU of vitamin D, deaths cut in half – Jan 14, 2021
• Vitamin D-COVID interview by Dr. Campbell of Davies (member of UK Parliament) - Jan 17, 2021
• Iranians with COVID-19 were 2.3 X more likely to die if low vitamin D – Jan 2021
• Many COVID-19 risks are associated with low vitamin D (7 studies) – Systematic Review Jan 2021
• 40 ng of Vitamin D to fight COVID 15K to 50K weekly or 100K monthly - Spanish Jan 2021
• Poor COVID-19 prognosis was 6 X more likely if low vitamin D – Jan 21, 2021
• Unraveling the roles of vitamin D status and melanin during COVID-19 (Review) Jan 11
• 30 x fewer COVID-19 deaths in those getting 400,000 IU of Vitamin D - Jan 2021
• 2.8 X fewer COVID-19 nursing home deaths if add 10,000 IU Vitamin D daily for a week (small observation)- Jan 2021
• 3.7 X less likely to die of COVID-19 if supplemented with Vitamin D - meta-analysis Jan 5, 2021
• COVID-19 test positive 4.5 X more likely if had low vitamin D test within 4 years – Jan 6, 2021
• Don’t Let COVID-19 Patients Die With Vitamin D Deficiency - Jan 5, 2021
• Less likely to test positive for COVID-19 if higher Vitamin D – meta-analysis Jan 6, 2021
• Vitamin D reduces COVID-19 by 80 percent - anonymous meta-analysis - Jan 5, 2021
• COVID 19 Video - Drs. Seheult and Campbell : Lessons Learned and a Look Ahead - Jan 4
• Many drugs increase ACE2 and COVID-19 (176 page review) - Dec 2020
• Italian nursing home COVID-19 – 4X less likely to die if taking Vitamin D– Dec 22, 2020
• Take 50,000 IU of Vitamin D weekly before and after COVID-19 vaccination by VItaminDWiki
• COVID-19 lung infection upsets Vitamin D genes (so more or different form of Vit D is required) - Dec 22, 2020
• COVID-19 Disease and Vitamin D: A Mini-Review – Dec 15, 2020
• French Consensus – 200,000 IU of Vitamin D if get COVID-19 – Dec 22, 2020
• Rational approach to COVID-19: 50k-100k of Vitamin D weekly – Dec 2020
• Shift workers 2X more likely to get COVID-19 (low Vitamin D) - Dec 2020
• COVID-19 plus pneumonia in ICU with low vitamin D equaled Death - Dec 2020
• Excellent on-going analysis of Vitamin D and COVID-19 publications
• Those getting intermittent vitamin D were 7 X less likely to die of COVID-19 - Dec 11, 2020
• COVID-19 patients with low vitamin D had far fewer natural killer cells – Dec 2020
• COVID-19 Vitamin D: Overview of Evidence by Dr. Seheult (Video and transcript) - Dec 10, 2020
• 75 articles indicate that Vitamin D should fight COVID-19 – Evidence Review Dec 10, 2020
• COVID-19 Vitamin D: Overview by Dr. in Sri Lanka (Video and transcript) - Dec 8, 2020
• Vitamin D recommended to fight COVID-19 by 2 groups – Dec 7, 2020
• Vitamin D helps athletes while reducing their COVID-19 risk - Dec 4, 2020
• 5X more likely to test positive for COVID-19 if low vitamin D in previous 5 years (900,000 people) - Dec 4, 2020
• 5.8 X more likely to die of COVID-19 if low vitamin D - Systematic Review Dec 3, 2020
• Evidence of Vitamin D fighting COVID-19 etc. - take 4,000 IU if less than 20 ng (UK) – Dec 1, 2020
• 3.8 X higher risk of COVID-19 death if low vitamin D – Belgium Nov 25, 2020
• Hyperglycemic 2X more likely to have severe COVID-19 - Nov 2020 Diabetes
• A Medical School COVID-19 protocol includes Vitamin D for all phases – Marik Nov 2020
• Fight COVID-19 without drugs or vaccines, Vitamin D is the single most-studied way – Nov 2020
• Hospital COVID-19 observation: 7X more likely to live if more than 20 ng of vitamin D– Nov 19, 2020
• Higher vitamin D associated with fewer cases and deaths in India Nov 2020
  • 
• COVID-19 defeated 3x faster by 420,000 IU Vitamin D nanoemulsion – RCT Nov 12, 2020
• 9X COVID-19 survival in nursing home if had 80,000 IU dose of vitamin D in previous month – Oct 2020
  • 
• Rate of COVID-19 test positive is 40 pcnt lower if high vitamin D (192,000 people) - Holick Sept 2020
  •