Low serum vitamin D is associated with axial length and risk of myopia in young children.
Eur J Epidemiol. 2016 Mar 8. [Epub ahead of print]
Tideman JW1,2, Polling JR3,4, Voortman T5, Jaddoe VW5,6, Uitterlinden AG5,7, Hofman A5, Vingerling JR3, Franco OH5, Klaver CC8,9.
1Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, NA2808, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.tideman at erasmusmc.nl.
2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.tideman at erasmusmc.nl.
3Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, NA2808, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
4Department of Orthoptics and Optometry, Faculty of Health, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
5Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
6Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
7Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
8Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, NA2808, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. c.c.w.klaver at erasmusmc.nl.
9Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. c.c.w.klaver at erasmusmc.nl.
2666 children in the Netherlands
Myopia 35% less likely for each 10 ng increase in Vitamin D
VitaminDWiki added a blue line for 50 nanogram of vitamin D
Vitamin D Council first reviewed this study
- Myopia may be related to low vitamin D Overview in VitaminDWiki
See also web
- Myopia is associated with lower vitamin D status in young adults June 2014
Adjusted risk: 2.1 times more likely to be myoptic if < 20 nanograms of vitamin D.
Free PDF online - Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with myopia in Korean adolescents
April 2014, Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and axial length (AL) and myopia in 6-year-old children. A total of 2666 children aged 6 years participating in the birth-cohort study Generation R underwent a stepwise eye examination. First, presenting visual acuity (VA) and AL were performed. Second, automated cycloplegic refraction was measured if LogMAR VA > 0.1. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was determined from blood using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Vitamin D related SNPs were determined with a SNP array; outdoor exposure was assessed by questionnaire. The relationships between 25(OH)D and AL or myopia were investigated using linear and logistic regression analysis. Average 25(OH)D concentration was 68.8 nmol/L (SD ± 27.5; range 4-211); average AL 22.35 mm (SD ± 0.7; range 19.2-25.3); and prevalence of myopia 2.3 % (n = 62). After adjustment for covariates, 25(OH)D concentration (per 25 nmol/L) was inversely associated with AL (β -0.043; P < 0.01), and after additional adjusting for time spent outdoors (β -0.038; P < 0.01). Associations were not different between European and non-European children (β -0.037 and β -0.039 respectively). Risk of myopia (per 25 nmol/L) was OR 0.65 (95 % CI 0.46-0.92). None of the 25(OH)D related SNPs showed an association with AL or myopia. Lower 25(OH)D concentration in serum was associated with longer AL and a higher risk of myopia in these young children. This effect appeared independent of outdoor exposure and may suggest a more direct role for 25(OH)D in myopia pathogenesis.