Pages tagged with "Pregnancy"

963 pages, most important first (overviews, then meta-analyses, then RCTs, then newest). Combine with another topic

• Summary of Pregnancy and Vitamin D
• 12 Vitamin D experts - summary of video -May 2026
• Overview Women and Vitamin D
• Overview Pregnancy and vitamin D
• Magnesium in Healthcare (Rickets, Stones, Pregnancy, Depression, etc.) with level of evidence
• Optimal Vitamin D during pregnancy - 4000 IU
• Wonder when the first doctor will be found liable for not providing vitamin D to a patient
• Evaluating the vitamin D evidence - Heaney
• Preterm birth and low Vitamin D - many studies
• Cerebral Palsy and Vitamin D - many studies
• Medicaid hospital costs: 7 of the top 10 are associated with low Vitamin D
• Post-partum depression and low Vitamin D - many studies
• Miscarriage and low Vitamin D – many studies
• Pregnancy, offspring health, and Vitamin D - umbrella of 250,000 pregnancies - meta-analysis
• Cesarean birth much more likely if low Vitamin D - many studies
• Moms.gov (announced on Mothers day) fails to mention Vitamin D
• Placenta and Vitamin D - many studies
• Pregnancies are helped 10 ways by Vitamin D - umbrella analysis
• Neural tube defect and Vitamin D - many studies
• Preeclampsia reduced by Vitamin D - many studies
• Stillbirth reduced by Vitamin D, Zinc, Omega-3 - many studies
• Vitamin D mitigates heavy metal exposure - many studies
• Gestational Diabetes and Vitamin D - many studies
• Preterm birth decreased by Omega-3, etc. - many studies
• Omega-3 helps conception as well as pregnancy – many studies
• Iodine Deficiency During Pregnancy – many studies
• Preterm births reduced by Vitamin D - many studies
• Multiple Sclerosis much more likely if low vitamin D during pregnancy –many studies
• Pregnancy helped by Magnesium - many studies
• Dark skin pregnancies and Vitamin D - many studies
• Pregnancy and infants healthier with Omega-3 supplementation - many studies
• Progesterone activates vitamin D receptor - many studies
• 22% of children (0-5y) are stunted, Vitamin D deficiency is a primary cause – several studies
• Preterm birth extended by 2 weeks with Omega-3 – Meta-analysis
• Incidence Autism and ADHD reduced 18 percent per 10 ng of Vitamin D during pregnancy – meta-analysis
• Need at least 6,000 IU of Vitamin D daily during pregnancy and breastfeeding (Wagner) – meta-analysis
• Autism risk is reduced by Vitamin D – early pregnancy or chlldhood – Umbrella review
• 70% of pregnancies have less than 30 ng of Vitamin D - meta-analysis
• Prenatal vitamin D deficiency increases risk of dental cavities by 35% - meta-analysis
• 4,000 IU Vitamin D while pregnant does not decrease infant respiratory problems (no surprise) - meta-analysis
• 3X reduction in preemie Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia if add tiny amount of Vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Can reduce 10 health problems risks if add vitamin D while pregnant – umbrella review
• Preterm birth 30 percent more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Increased risk of ADHD (28 pct.) and Autism (58 pct.) if low vitamin D during pregnancy – meta-analysis
• Vitamin D reduces: pre-eclampia 1.6 X, postpartum dep. 3.6 X, autism 1.5X etc. - meta-analysis
• Vitamin D supplementation decreased the risk of preeclampsia by 39% – meta-analysis
• Yet another reason to take Vitamin D while pregnant – fight COVID - meta-analysis
• Low vitamin D while pregnant – a health emergency (Indonesia in this case) – meta-analysis
• Vitamin D during pregnancy increased child’s bone mineral density – meta-analysis
• Preeclampsia reduced by 33 percent if high vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Worse COVID during 3Q pregnancy if 2.5 ng lower Vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Maternal pregnancy problems if Vitamin D is less than 40 ng – meta-analysis
• Recurrent Miscarriage 4X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Gestational Diabetes – increased risk if poor Vitamin D Receptor – 2 Meta-Analyses 2021
• Gestational diabetes risk reduced 1.5X by Vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Omega-3 improves pregnancies – Meta-analysis
• Miscarriage 1.6 X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Vitamin D reduces preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and hypertension - 38th meta-analysis
• Low Vitamin D associated with preeclampsia - meta-analysis
• Pregnancy problems (LBW, PTB, SGA) associated with low vitamin D, 42nd meta-analysis
• Preterm births 12 X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor (white infants in Italy) – meta-analysis
• Small vitamin D doses while pregnant do not decrease infant allergies – meta-analysis
• Anemia 1.6 X more likely during pregnancy if low Vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Pregnancies helped by Vitamin D (insulin and birth weight in this case) – meta-analysis
• Need at least 6,000 IU daily while breastfeeding to eliminate Vitamin D deficiency – meta-analysis
• Very low Vitamin D in Indian pregnancies– 1 in 3 women not even have 20 ng – meta-analysis
• Increased pregnancy problems with COVID-19 – meta-analysis and letter to editor
• Miscarriage 2 times more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Small vitamin D doses given during pregnancy do not reduce childhood asthma – meta-analysis
• Infant wheezing 40 percent less likely if mother supplemented with vitamin D, vitamin E, or Zinc – meta-analysis
• Small for gestational age is 1.6 X more likely if mother was vitamin D deficient – meta-analysis
• Multiple Sclerosis 40 percent more likely if mother had low vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Vitamin D treats Gestational Diabetes, decreases hospitalization and newborn complications – meta-analysis
• IVF 50 percent more likely to result in pregnancy if high vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Preeclampsia 2.7 X less likely if 50,000 IU of Vitamin D every 2 weeks – meta-analysis
• Autism risk increased 30 percent by Cesareans (both low vitamin D) – meta-analysis
• Multiple Sclerosis 23 percent more likely if born in April vs. Oct – meta-analysis
• Gestational diabetes 60 percent more likely below 20 ng of vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 1.5X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Gestational Diabetes 39 percent more likely if insufficient Vitamin D – Meta-analysis
• Preeclampsia 2.7X more frequent if low vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Preeclampsia rate cut in half by high level of vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Birth size and weight increased by Vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Pregnancies helped by Vitamin D in many ways – 27th meta-analysis
• Premature or low birth weight resulted in children 3X more likely to be anxious – meta-analysis
• Vitamin D supplementation reduced SGA, fetal mortality, infant mortality – JAMA Meta
• Cesarean (associated with low Vitamin D) increased asthma, obesity, miscarriage and stillbirth – meta-analysis
• Vitamin D during pregnancy reduces risk of childhood asthma by 13 percent – meta-analysis
• Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy increased prematurity risk by 60 percent - meta-analysis 1999
• Fewer than half of pregnancies will get even 20 ng of vitamin D with 800 IU daily dose – meta-analysis
• Preeclampsia reduced 2X by Vitamin D, by 5X if also add Calcium – meta-analysis
• Preeclampsia risk reduced 60 percent if supplement with Vitamin D (they ignored dose size) – meta-analysis
• Vitamin D helps during pregnancy – meta-analysis
• Low Vitamin D results in adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes – Wagner meta-analysis
• Preterm birth rate reduced by 43 percent with adequate Vitamin D supplementation – meta-analysis
• Birth weight and length increased with high levels of vitamin D – meta-analysis
• Low vitamin D increased probability of low birth weight by 60 percent – meta-analysis
• More vitamin D needed during pregnancy – meta-analysis
• 2X more preeclampsia when vitamin D less than 30 ng, etc. - meta-analysis
• Pregnancy and Vitamin D – meta-analysis
• 2X more likely to have preeclampsia if less than 20 ng of vitamin D – Meta-analysis
• Pregnancy and vitamin D meta-analysis
• Bone gains from 2800 IU of vitamin D in pregnancy had faded by age 13 - RCT
• Many prenatal supplements contain only 1,000 IU of Vitamin D - proven by RCT to be of no benefit
• Gave 1,000 IU of Vitamin D daily while pregnant (no surprise, no benefit) - RCT 2016
• 1,000 IU of Vitamin D while pregnant helped a little bit (4,000 IU helps a lot) – RCT 2016
• Weekly vitamin D in pregnancy/lactation did not improve infant growth – null RCT.
• 24% lower risk of Autism for every 4 ng higher level of vitamin D during pregnancy - RCT
• 6,400 IU of Vitamin D is safe and effective during breastfeeding – RCT Dec, 2020
• Preterm birth rate cut in half with 1000 milligrams of Omega-3 (if initially low) – RCT
• 50,000 IU of vitamin D weekly for 8 weeks of pregnancy raised most above 30 nanograms - RCT
• 300,000 IU of Vitamin D total is not enough during pregnancy – RCT
• While in labor, preterm birth delayed 6 days by Vitamin D (single dose of 50,000 IU) - RCT
• Preemies getting a 10,000 IU injection of vitamin D had far fewer breathing problems – RCT 2024
• Problem pregnancies (perinatal morbidities) 3.8 X less likely in blacks taking 4,400 IU of Vitamin D - RCT
• Asthma reduced by 4,400 IU of Vitamin D while pregnant - RCT and video Weiss
• Resulting childhood Asthma cut in half if 4,400 IU Vitamin D daily while pregnant - RCT
• 430 genes changed when 3,800 IU Vitamin D added in late second trimester – RCT
• Cows gave more milk after pregnancy if given Calcidiol (semi-activated Vitamin D) – RCT
• 800 mg of Magnesium early in 3rd trimester significantly increased brain activity in preterm infants – RCT
• 4,000 IU of daily Vitamin D during pregnancy is good (Mongolia this time) – RCT
• 2X less risk of respiratory distress syndrome if 50,000 IU of Vitamin D just before premature birth – RCT
• 2800 IU of Vitamin D in late pregnancy resulted in 3X fewer fractures, 4X fewer enamel defects in offspring – RCT
• Preeclampsia risk reduced 7X by 4,000 IU of Vitamin D daily – RCT
• Gestational Diabetes best fought by Vitamin D plus probiotics – RCT review
• 4,000 IU Vitamin D daily during pregnancy (Mongolia) was good – RCT
• Respiratory Tract Infection visits 2.5 less likely with vitamin D: Pregnancy 2000 IU, Infant 800 IU – RCT
• Gestational Diabetes reduced with 50,000 IU of vitamin D every 3 weeks and daily Calcium – RCT
• 50,000 IU of Vitamin D every 2 weeks reduced gestational diabetes – RCT
• Omega-3 supplementation reduced preterm birth rate by 4X – RCT
• 200 IU of Vitamin D does not prevent preeclampsia – RCT
• Vitamin D once during pregnancy reduced infant health care costs (300 times ROI) – RCT
• 200 IU of vitamin D while pregnant raised levels by a paltry 2 ng – RCT
• No Preeclampsia during pregnancy if more than 60 ng of vitamin D – RCT
• Gestational diabetes treated by Vitamin D plus Omega-3 – RCT
• Pregnant women in HIV therapy adding Vitamin D had 3X fewer deaths - RCT
• Preterm birth rate of pregnant smokers cut in half if take Omega-3 – RCT
• ADHD 1.5X less likely if 4,400 IU Vitamin D daily during pregnancy - RCT
• During pregnancy even 400 IU helps metabolic status – RCT
• Pregnancies helped a lot by Vitamin D (injection then 50,000 IU monthly) – RCT
• 300,000 IU injection loading dose of vitamin D3 stopped gestational diabetes in RCT
• Vitamin D intervention for 8 weeks of pregnancy: infants taller, heavier and bigger heads – RCT
• Extreme preterm infants helped somewhat by 800 IU of vitamin D – RCT
• Half as many tooth enamel defects in child if 2400 IU Vitamin D in late pregnancy – RCT
• Risk of infant Asthma cut in half if mother supplemented Vitamin D to get more than 30 ng – RCT
• Asthma in 3 year olds decreased somewhat with 4,000 IU during pregnancy – RCT
• Childhood Asthma risk greatly reduced if mothers were given 4,400 IU Vitamin D daily – RCT 2019
• Fetal bones helped a bit by 1,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT
• Adding 1,000 IU vitamin D while pregnant did not help much (no surprise) – RCT
• Preeclampsia risk reduced by higher levels of vitamin D (VDAART 4,400 IU) - RCT
• 2000 IU vitamin D during pregnancy and 800 IU to infant resulted in less use of antibiotics – RCT
• 4000 IU Vitamin D Safe and Effective For Healthy Pregnant Women – RCT
• Omega-3 added during pregnancy helps in many ways – Cochrane Review of RCTs
• Gestational Diabetes reduce 3 times by 5,000 IU of Vitamin D – RCT
• PCOS treated by a combination of Vitamin D and Omega-3 – RCT
• Just 400 IU of daily Vitamin D reduced miscarriage (recurrent) by 3.5 times – RCT
• Gestational Diabetes treated with 50,000 IU every two weeks – RCT
• 35,000 IU vitamin D weekly during 3rd quarter pregnancy – RCT
• Monthly 120,000 IU Vitamin D plus daily Calcium was great during pregnancies – RCT
• Near the end of pregnancy 50,000 IU vitamin D weekly was great – RCT
• Prenatal Vitamin D (35,000 weekly, 3rd trimester) resulted in 1 cm taller infants at age 1 year – RCT
• No multiple sclerosis relapses during pregnancy if 50,000 IU of Vitamin D weekly – RCT
• Pregnancy – adding 35,000 IU Vitamin D weekly was nice, but not enough – RCT
• Insulin resistance during pregnancy improved with 50,000 IU of vitamin D every 2 weeks – RCT
• Preeclampsia recurrence reduced 2 X by 50,000 IU of vitamin D every two weeks – RCT
• Pregnant women were 2.6 times more likely to stop smoking when given financial rewards – RCT
• Leg cramps in pregnant women not changed by 1,000 IU of vitamin D for 6 weeks (no surprise) – RCT
• 3,800 IU Vitamin D during pregnancy did not help much – RCT
• Asthma reduced 31 percent when Omega-3 taken during pregnancy – RCT
• Preeclampsia 3.5 times more likely if low vitamin D (affects 348 Vit. D genes) – RCT
• Gestational Diabetes reduced 40 percent by 5,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT
• Perinatal depression decreased 40 percent with just a few weeks of 2,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT
• Zinc helps pregnancies – 14 percent fewer preterm births, etc. – Cochrane RCT
• Five times less mite allergy when vitamin D added in mid pregnancy and to infant – RCT
• Infant much healthier if Gestational Diabetic mother got 2 doses of vitamin D – RCT
• Gestational Diabetes helped by Vitamin D and Calcium (also less C-section and LGA) – RCT
• Gestational diabetes – Vitamin D and Calcium provided huge benefits – RCT
• Improved births with 2,000 IU vitamin D during pregnancy in India - RCT
• Vitamin D during pregnancy increases infant levels for two months – RCT
• 5,000 IU Vitamin D was not enough to reduce preeclampsia but did help future infant – RCT
• Gestational diabetes reduced by just two 50,000 IU doses of vitamin D – RCT
• Women taking 4,000 IU reduced pregnancy risks in half RCT
• Pregnancy helped by single dose of 60,000 IU of Vitamin D – RCT
• Adding 4,000 IU of vitamin D daily at 20 weeks pregnancy not help much – RCT
• Maternal vitamin D: slight differences between daily vs single doses – RCT
• Bones better after pregnancy with just 200 IU of vitamin D plus 600 Calcium – RCT
• Needed more than 1600 IU of vitamin D during pregnancy – RCT
• PCBs increased the chance of being Vitamin D deficient by 3 percent
• Stillbirth rates dropped from 4.1% to 2.8% as Finland increased Vitamin D fortification
• Ectopic pregnancies: 5X increase in 50 years (now 2%), 6.4 X more likely if Vitamin D < 30 ng
• Preterm birth rate reduced 60% by Vitamin D (40 ng)
• Medicaid pays for 70 percent of US pregnancies for women under age 25
• Pregnancies helped by Vitamin D
• Some groups are giving Vitamin D before pregnancy
• The benefits of Vitamin D during pregnancy to the child often fade by age 5
• Autism risky if low vitamin D during pregnancy and early life (mice, fecal transplant reversed it)
• Plasticizers during pregnancy linked to more autism symptoms in kids, mostly when mom was vitamin D deficient - cohort
• Ensure a healthy pregnancy and baby - take Vitamin D before conception
• Preeclampsia changes to Vitamin D Binding Protein reduces Vitamin D in placenta
• Type 1 Diabetes risk increased if high postpartum Vitamin D binding protein
• During pregnancy less Vitamin D due to increased Vitamin D binding Protein
• Fetal Growth poor if Vitamin D-Binding Protein gene poor
• Preeclampsia 11X more likely if poor Vitamin D Binding Protein (South Africa)
• All pregnant women (in UK) should have free vitamin D – Gillie
• Adding Vitamin D prevents ~100X more birth problems per dollar than adding folic acid
• Vitamin D is 100X better than folic acid during pregnancy
• First trimester problems 5X more likely if start supplemention with 4,000 of Vitamin D weeks AFTER conception
• Preterm births are VERY costly
• Vitamin D reduces PCOS (typically 50,000 IU weekly or bi-weekly) -Review March 2026
• Preeclampsia reduced by Vitamin D (50,000 IU bi-weekly) and Calcium
• Antibiotics during pregnancy may cause childhood health problems
• Veiled Somali pregnant women in Sweden had low vitamin D and were weak
• Autism rate in siblings reduced 4X by vitamin D: 5,000 IU during pregnancy, 1,000 IU to infants
• 35 tissues activate Vitamin D locally (Kidney not required)
• Dr. Hollis interview on the importance of Vitamin D during pregnancy
• Stressors as a fetus or child can cause health problems in adult (perhaps via epigenetics)
• Post-birth stress index (allostatic load) – propose adding low Vitamin D as 11th item
• COVID vaccines during pregnancy resulted in 37 types of adverse events. -preprint
• Pregnancy and placenta: benefits of vitamin D – 2010
• Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D
• Preterm birth not associated with first tri-mester vitamin D
• Blacks have more preterm births due to low nutrients such as vitamin D
• Recurrent preterm birth and low vitamin D
• Preterm birth 3X more likely and C-section 4X if less than 20 ng of vitamin D
• Preterm births reduced in half if 40 ng of vitamin D in 3rd trimester
• Magnesium (Sulfate) reduces risk of cerebral palsy for those at risk of preterm births
• Vitamin D Webinar - cost of preterm birth etc- Baggerly
• Third trimester Vitamin D levels were lower if preterm labor was expected
• Preterm birth - many of risk factors are associated with low vitamin D
• Risk of Cesarean 2X higher if low vitamin D
• Japan recommends tiny 360 IU Vitamin D while pregnant or lactating - 2025
• Native Americans' pregnancy death rates are 4X higher than those of white pregnant Americans
• Massive improvement in vaginal microbiome during pregnancy with Vitamin D
• Pregnancy and Vitamin D: 250 IU daily average did not help
• Low Vitamin D while pregnant - chart of possible problems
• Low Vitamin D – 2X more likely to have preemie AND mother later to have heart problems
• Vitamin D is needed while pregnant - 200 IU to 4,000 IU daily (17 clinical guidelines)
• Prenatal Vitamin B12 improves brains, 13 of 19 studies
• Vitamin D deficiency while pregnant: 60X more likely if religious clothing requirement (Africa)
• Low Vitamin D while pregnant increased risks: preterm birth 2.4X, development delay 4.4X
• 40% increased chance of neruoproblem in child if mother was infected by COVID
• Small for Gestational Age (SGA) far less likely if take Vitamin D while pregnant - Dec 2025
• Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and low Vitamin D
• Premature birth 2.5X more likely if mother had low vitamin D and was having twins
• Preterm birth of twins 2.2X more likely if low vitamin D
• Pregnancy loss increase 24% if get CT scan within 2 months of conception
• 37 VAERS Events after COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy
• COVID vaccination is safe during pregnancy - but they excluded all conceptions that did not result in a live birth
• Autism risk if toxins, heavy metals, microplastics, etc during pregnancy (unless add Vitamin D)
• Health Problems Associated with Low Vitamin D at Birth
• Pregnant women are vitamin D deficient - Map 2013
• Pregnancy problems reduced by Vitamin D - Grassroots Health 2015
• Pregnancy complications cut in half by 4,400 IU of Vitamin D
• Pregnancy
• An OBGYN has been giving high-dose Vitamin D for pregnancies for over a decade - video
• FDA and March of Dimes: Vitamin D fights some health problems (recommends a tiny amount)
• Males fetuses get less Vitamin D if mother obese or preeclampic (amount is behind paywall)
• Smoking while Pregnant increases atopic dermatitis if not add Vitamin D
• Schizophrenia increased 40 percent for Spring births after Danes stopped vitamin D fortification
• Preventing a Lifetime of Illness Before Birth
• Newborns were 72X more likely to be Vitamin D deficient above the Arctic Circle
• Preeclampsia doubles the risk of mild cognitive impairment
• HIV pregnancy often results in HIV infant unless expensive ART therapy or Vitamin D
• Morning Sickness might be eliminated by Vitamin D
• Prenatal Vitamin D Deficiency - Wagner video
• Prenatal vitamins – including vitamin D – reduced autism by 40%
• Toxoplasma gondii parasite (from cats) decapitates sperm and causes pregnancy complications (Vitamin D fights it)
• 4.4 X more likely to have a preterm birth if low vitamin D while pregnant (India)
• Early fetal death without miscarry (missed abortion) 1.8X higher risk if low Vitamin D
• Recurrent Pregnancy Loss is 4 X more likely if very low Vitamin D (China)
• Fetal Loss Syndrome 4.9 X more likely if low Vitamin D
• Perhaps increased need for IVF if poor vitamin D receptor
• To get more Calcium during pregnancy active Vitamin D (Calcitriol) at least doubles
• COVID vaccines during pregnancy cause 37 types of problems, CDC still recommends them
• Gestational Diabetes Risk is increased 4.2 X if low Vitamin K2 MK-7
• Vitamin D given while pregnant helps child for about 3 years
• Consensus: Vitamin D is the most needed supplement before, during, and after pregnancy
• Fetal clavicle bone better if pregnant mom took just 1200 IU of vitamin D daily
• Intestinal permeability during pregnancy - maintained by Vitamin D, Omega-3, etc.
• Increased health problems as an adult if mother had low vitamin D while pregnant
• Increased risk of child obesity if low vitamin D while pregnant
• Increased obesity risk in child if low vitamin D while pregnant
• Preterm birth risk increased 1.6 X if supplement with Calcium
• Microplastics suspected to cause Digestive, Reproductive, and Respiratory problems (mice and women)
• Low Vitamin D during pregnancy identified with just 5 questions (for less than 12 ng)
• 3X fewer preterm deliveries if take 2,000 IU of Vitamin D daily (small study, 9% refused)
• Hemorrhage after birth is 4X more likely if low vitamin D (dark skin, etc)
• Dark-skinned people have low vitamin D (Obese pregnant women in UK in this case)
• Vitamin D and pregnancy, preterm birth, preeclampsia - Whittle
• Multiple Sclerosis risk reduced 30 percent by each additional 10 ng of vitamin D at birth (1500 Danes)
• Hospital costs for an extreme preemie adds 58,000 dollars to the cost of full term birth
• Vitamin D while pregnant with twins – 98% taking Vitamin D, 38 ng average (Poland)
• Dr. Sears podcast with Carole Baggerly about Vitamin D (with transcript)
• Preterm birth rate increased 60 percent in 50 years (US)
• Preterm birth rates increased in 15 European countries
• Preterm births appear reduced 34% by Vitamin D, 11% by Omega-3
• Stillbirth rate typically 1 in 200, perhaps only 1 in 800 with Omega-3
• Conception 1.5 X more likely if taking any amount of Omega-3
• Pfizer’s RSV vaccine found to increase risk of preterm births by 24%, etc.
• Should Omega-3 be mandatory in Pregnancy (yes)
• Vitamin D and Omega-3 benefits to pregnancy and infants
• Far more pregnancy problems if have Lupus and low vitamin D (not a surprise)
• Omega-3 recommended in Australia during pregnancy
• Vitamin D intervention reduces preterm births and low birth weight by 60 percent – Cochrane Reviews
• Pregnancies with more than 40 ng of vitamin D are great (Sweden, 2,000 pregnancies)
• Preterm birth reduction by nutrients - Vitamin D is the best, Omega-3 is next best
• Far more pregnancy problems with Lupus if low vitamin D (not a surprise)
• Fewer fetal follicles (future eggs) if low vitamin D during pregnancy (sheep)
• ADHD 4.9 X higher risk if less than 12 ng of vitamin D during early pregnancy
• Omega-3 fatty acid in pregnancy reduces risk of preterm and early preterm birth
• Pregnancy vegetarian guidelines, even with standard supplements, have less than 600 IU of Vitamin D
• First birth labor lasts an hour longer if low vitamin D
• Preterm birth rate increased in US but decreased in Finland (high Vitamin D)
• Risk of low birth weight cut in half after taking lots of vitamin D while pregnant
• Increased vitamin D might decrease air pollution health problems (Pregnant women in India in this case)
• Pregnancies starting with high vitamin D often have fewer toxic metals in 3rd trimester
• Preterm Birth 2.7X more likely if low vitamin D (dark skin in this case)
• Atopic Dermatitus more likely if e-cigarette, passive smoke while pregnant or Caesarean
• Chinese neonates 3.6 X more likely to have low vitamin D if previous month was cold
• Weight loss drugs increase unplanned pregnancies (perhaps due to Vitamin D)
• Preconception checkups being considered in Japan – recommends vitamin D above 30 ng (only 2% are above)
• Season of birth associated with Pneumonia (10 %) and Multiple Sclerosis (30 %)
• Autoimmune Addison's Disease – increased risk if born in Dec or Jan
• UV at time of conception associated with Vitamin D Receptor activation 65 years later
• Little sun in first trimester, 2.9 X more likely to have learning disabilities
• Preterm birth varies with season: 25 percent more likely if conception in autumn
• Accutane for acne associated with birth defects, abortions
• Bone resorption during pregnancy reduced by weekly 28,000 IU of Vitamin D
• 7 percent less likely to get immune mediated disease if born in the fall
• 40 cents of Vitamin D given once during pregnancy reduced respiratory problems by 3%
• Wheezing reduced 35 percent if vitamin D added during pregnancy
• Call to action – more Vitamin D for pregnancies, loading doses are OK – Holick
• Breastfeeding Vitamin D loading dose of 300,000 IU is OK - UK govt.
• Low Vitamin D is a top predictor of adverse events during pregnancy
• 95 percent of pregnant women in Finland took vitamin D – PHD Dissertation
• 2.8 X higher risk of eating disorder in teen girls if mom had low Vitamin D while pregnant
• Autism reduced 24% for each 4 ng more Vitamin D while pregnant ( ADHD 12%)
• Miscarriage (Recurrent Spontaneous) associated with poor CYP27B1 gene
• Miscarriage 70 percent more likely if low vitamin D (see also data on CYP27B1)
• Miscarriages strongly associated with poor placental, decidua gene which locally activates Vitamin D
• Recurrent miscarriages decreased by increased Vitamin D levels
• Wounds and pregnancy masks treated by topical Vitamin D
• Preterm birth chance reduced –17P (expensive drug) or Vitamin D
• 1 in 3 have a Postpartum health problem (many are associated with low Vitamin D)
• Female preemies become women with low hand grip strength
• Male preemies had poor heart rate regulation as adults (preemies have low vitamin D)
• Preterm Births decreased by Omega-3 (analysis of 184 countries)
• Preterm birth cost for employers approximately 50,000 dollars
• Preterm Births reduced by Omega-3, Zinc, and Vitamin D
• Maternal vitamin D deficiency can result in problems 1 or 2 decades later
• Prevention of allergies, eczema, asthma, in children – Vitamin D during pregnancy is a principal solution
• Less Asthma if mother took vitamin D while pregnant
• Asthma in child 2.3 X more likely if both parents asthmatic (unless add Vitamin D) – VDAART
• Little Vitamin D while pregnant in Asia – survey
• Nausea and vomiting while pregnant associated with low Vitamin D
• Reduced fetal immune system stem cells if low Vitamin D at a point in pregnancy
• Vitamin D levels of breastfeeding mothers and infants in 3 cities
• Effects of low vitamin D on pregnancy and neonate – review
• Majority of pregnant women do not get 400 IU of Vitamin D daily
• Autism 17 times more likely with excessive Folic Acid and B-12 (now added to bread)
• Neural tube defects more likely due to low vitamin D than low Folate
• Diabetes 30% more likely in those with low birth weight
• Vitamin D gestation known unknowns located by a computer in pubmed publications
• 2 Pregnancy problems in Iran decreased by 20X when add Vitamin D
• 3% fewer respiratory problems in children if single 100K vitamin D in 3rd trimester
• COVID lockdowns reduced Vitamin D levels - should supplement
• Better neurodevelpment at age 2 if high Vitamin D during all phases of pregnancy
• US maternal death rate increasing (low D not mentioned)
• Temporary conception problems after vaccinations, etc.
• Pfizer COVID vaccination during pregnancy clinical trial is still not published
• Higher vitamin D level in mother results in higher level in newborn
• Many pregnant women are deficient when taking the recommended amount of Vitamin D
• High-dose Vitamin D for Multiple Sclerosis is OK while pregnant
• MAGNESIUM IN MAN - IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH AND DISEASE – review 2015
• Birth defects about 15 percent more likely if low vitamin D while pregnant
• During pregnancy the levels of Vitamin D, Magnesium, and Calcium drop
• Diseases correlated to month of birth – 2008
• Health problems are related to birth month
• Heavy infant (macrosomia) 1.24 X more likely if maternal vitamin D less than 20 ng
• Children had poor lung function if mothers had low vitamin D while pregnant
• Phototherapy to reduce infant Jaundice decreases Vitamin D, Mg, etc.
• Jaundice and vitamin D
• Preterm birth might be prevented by Vitamin D, Omega-3, etc. (International survey)
• March of Dimes pays for study of Vitamin D
• Antidepressants might increase infertility and pregnancy problems
• T1 Diabetes in child not prevented by a tiny amount of vitamin D during pregnancy
• Omega-3 index of 5 greatly decreases the risk of an early preterm birth
• Omega-3 helps pregnancy in many ways: preterm 26 percent less likely etc – review
• Vitamin D is important for pregnancies (pigs as well as people)
• Free 1,600 IU Vitamin D daily during pregnancy helps a lot (natives in Alaska)
• Early menarche, miscarriage and stillbirth are associated with heart disease (all are associated with low Vitamin D)
• 2.3 X more poor Neurodevelopment in infant if COVID late in pregnancy
• Miscarriage 2.5X more likely if second-hand smoke and low vitamin D
• Vitamin D before, during, and after pregnancy
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 10X more-likely if low vitamin D in first trimester
• Low vitamin D is big problem during pregnancies (Saudi Arabia in this case)
• Risk of preeclampsia should drop to nearly zero at 60 ng of Vitamin D
• Gestational Diabetes 2.1 X more likely if less than 30 ng of Vitamin D
• Gestational Diabetes 2.4X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor (region in China)
• Poor sleep associated with low Vitamin D (pregnant Saudis in the case)
• Vaccine trials excluded pregnancies, but it is OK to be vaccinated while pregnant
• Lots of sugar while pregnant doubles asthma risk – 2017
• Vitamin D deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world
• Hypertension during pregnancy: low Vitamin D, poor Vit. D genes
• Pregnant while black increases chance of death – mothers 3X, infants 2X (low Vitamin D)
• Postpartum depression 3.6 X higher risk if low vitamin D
• Vitamin D is needed before, during and after Pregnancy
• Air pollution decreases Vitamin D levels (while pregnant in this case)
• Arab preterm infants often have less than 10 ng of vitamin D - 2010
• Preterm birth interventions – 4 studies found possible vitamin D benefit – Cochrane
• Preterm birth 3X more likely if low vitamin D
• Preterm Births - promising preventions – anti-oxidants, Vitamin D, Omega-3, Zinc, etc.
• Low vitamin D during pregnancy increases risk of future health problems (obesity etc.)
• More UV during first trimester, less Osteoporosis in offspring
• Vitamin D congress on pregnancy and childhood diseases
• Overweight children associated with low vitamin D during pregnancy – 2015, 2018
• Low vitamin D in womb linked to more weight at age 6
• Infant risk of obesity increased by 50 percent if low vitamin D during pregnancy
• Postpartum depression 7X more likely if less than 10 ng of vitamin D
• Severe COVID while pregnant - none had taken any vitamin D
• Increase of plastic compounds (phthalates) in urine during pregnancy associated with decreased Vitamin D
• COVID while pregnant: 2.6 X more likely to be Vitamin D deficient (need to supplement)
• COVID breakthru 2X more likely if pregnant (should take Vitamin D)
• Fraternal twin births increasing (twins often associated with low vitamin D)
• Autism risk increased if short time between pregnancies (no surprise)
• COVID 2.6 X more likely if low Vitamin D (during pregnancy in this case)
• 3 years after congenital virus infection there was a 12X increase in infant deaths (Zika, Brazil)
• Preterm birth 8X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor
• Preterm birth associated with many genes, including the Vitamin D Receptor again
• 3X fewer infant dental caries if good level of vitamin D while pregnant
• Reduction of infant asthma may require good vitamin D when lung development starts (4 weeks)
• Pregnancy needs at least 40 ng of vitamin D, achieved by at least 4,000 IU – Hollis
• Pregnant women need at least 40 ng of Vitamin D (Wagner, genes)
• Pregnancies need a lot of vitamin D, even before conception - Hollis
• Vitamin D researcher Dr Bruce Hollis - Interview etc
• Pregnancy and Vitamin D bibliography - Dr. Grant
• Recurrent pregnancy loss (miscarriage) risk should be reduced by vitamin D, vitamin B12
• Researchers found flu vaccine increased miscarriage risk by 7X
• Second miscarriage associated with low vitamin D – review
• Spontaneous Miscarriage strongly associated with 2 vitamin D genes
• Recurrent miscarriage associated with low Vitamin D
• Breastfeeding is almost always associated with infant vitamin D deficiency
• 400 IU of vitamin D helped a few adults (Orthodox Jewish mothers - heavy clothing) – 2001
• Burka clothing reduces vitamin D levels, which causes pregnancy problems
• Anemia in pregnant teens 7X more likely if low vitamin D
• Household air pollution increases the risk of pregnancy disorders, Vitamin D reduces the risk
• COVID-19 more severe if low Vitamin D (1.8X for pregnancy)
• Seasonal variation on preeclampsia is correlated with sunlight intensity
• Slow fetal growth if mother was obese and had low vitamin D (40 ng is good)
• Less than 3 percent of pregnant women in Shanghai had even 30 ng of vitamin D
• Maternal Vitamin D not associated with health in China (virually none had a healthy level)
• Less labor pain if higher level of vitamin D
• The more caffeine while pregnant (coffee, cola) the more bone pain in premature infants
• Wide variation in vitamin D recommendations (in this case, pregnant in Australia)
• Far less vitamin D in breast milk if COVID-19 (no surprise)
• If having twins, need more vitamin D
• After lactation Vitamin D levels are low, increased risk of Breast Cancer, vitamin D should decrease risk
• Having twins takes more vitamin D
• COVID-19 while pregnant is not good (increased risk of dying by 22X)
• 3.7X decrease in Very Low Weight Births (following huge increase in Vitamin D sales)
• Several advanced-maternal-age problems reduced if given Vitamin D during pregnancy (mice in this case)
• Less medicine for labor pain (12 vs 18 mg) if high vitamin D (44 vs 26 ng avg)
• Pregnancy loss 9X more likely if male had less than 20 ng of Vitamin D
• All pregnancy studies in VitaminDWiki
• Child 49 percent higher risk of being overweight if preeclampsia during pregnancy
• Preeclampsia 2X more likely if low vitamin D, unless adjust for vitamin D factors (BMI, skin color)
• Infant 7.6 X more likely to be Vitamin D deficient if mother had been
• Hypertension in pregnancy (preeclampsia) more frequent in winter (low vitamin D)
• Preeclampsia (hypertension while pregnant) varies with season (O.R. 0.57)
• Higher birth weight resulted in more fit adults (Vitamin D not mentioned)
• Vitamin D of 32 to 60 ng is needed before, during, and after pregnancy
• COVID-19, dark skin, pregnancy - Dr. Grimes, etc.
• COVID-21 (COVID-19 with mutations) causing increased pregnancy problems in Brazil and India
• Examples of “Toxic” vitamin D levels which had no long-term consequences, including 350 ng during pregnancy
• COVID-19 while pregnant increased many infant health problems by 1.5X
• 5839 genes changed during pregnancy (many genes were related to Vitamin D)
• Preemies 2.5 X more likely to get hip replacement etc. (low vitamin D)
• Pregnancy recommendations – huge differences in Vitamin D, Mg, iron, Iodine, DHA, etc
• Recurrent pregnancy loss (miscarriage) is associated with low vitamin D in 6 ways
• Miscarriage 10 percent more likely for each 10 ng less vitamin D at preconception
• Recurrent miscarriage associated with half as much vitamin D getting to fetus
• Smoking while pregnant resulted in 2X more likely to be Vitamin D deficient
• Recurrent miscarriage occurs 2.2 more often if poor Vitamin D Receptor
• Low vitamin D in pregnancy linked to potentially harmful vaginal bacteria in black women
• Vitamin D plus Inositol might help pregnancies during COVID-19
• Preeclampsia reduced 1.7 X by aspirin (but reduced 7 X by Vitamin D)
• ADHD 3.7 X higher risk if depressed pregnancy (low vitamin D)
• Higher risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss if poor Vitamin D Receptor
• Preterm birth risk increased 16 pcnt if heat wave (perhaps outside less)
• Fetus conceived by slender mom grown by obese mom is more likely will become obese
• 8 percent fewer preterm births if adequate Selenium from food
• How 60 ng of vitamin D enabled pregnancy - a personal story
• Emergency Caesarean 2X more likely if less than 12 ng of Vitamin D
• WHO recommends zero vitamin D during pregnancy, rest of the world disagrees – 2018, 2020
• Vitamin D during pregnancy – single 200,000 IU similar to daily 5,000 IU
• Vitamin D during pregnancy – single 200,000 IU similar to daily 5,000 IU (but need more)
• Unplanned c-section birth 40 percent less often if sufficient vitamin D
• Low birth weight associated low Vitamin D (little sunshine in China in this case)
• 7X more likely to have low birth weight babies when mother very low on vitamin D
• Low birth weight 3X more likely if mother had less than 25 nanograms of vitamin D
• About 21 ng of vitamin D during pregnancy in Belgium
• Vitamin D Status May Help Explain Maternal Race and Ethnic Factors in Primary Cesarean Section Delivery
• Vitamin D and Pregnancy – most gave too little or too late
• PCBs reduce vitamin D levels (during pregnancy)
• Group is giving only 200 IU of Vitamin D to 70 million women and children to prevent Rickets
• No differences in newborn anthropometry for very low vs. low vitamin D mothers
• Multiple Sclerosis 2X more likely if vitamin D deficient as a fetus decades earlier
• Multiple Sclerosis more likely if mother had less than 25 ng of vitamin D
• Vitamin D helps pregnancies sometimes (10 things wrong with the review)
• Childhood allergies (Atopy) 4.8 X more likely if low vitamin D in early pregnancy
• Low maternal Vitamin D results in larger portion of brain associated with autism
• Preterm birth more likely if dark skinned and low vitamin D (not white-skinned)
• Autism rate cut in half when multivitamins (including vitamin D) used during pregnancy
• Autism risk reduced 2X by prenatal vitamins (Vitamin D or Folic)
• Boys who were born Small for Gestational age are 1.9X more likely to be infertile
• Getting vitamin D during pregnancy is even more important than avoiding alcohol
• Small for gestational age birth was 6.5X more likely if mother was vitamin D deficient
• More postpartum infections if low vitamin D (in winter)
• 10 percent of all women had after-birth infections – majority had low vitamin D (PhD) – 2019
• Eating fish improves cognition (Omega-3 fish during pregnancy in this case)
• Seafood (Omega-3) during pregnancy increased childhood IQ by 8 points – review
• Autoimmune disorders associated with low vitamin D during pregnancy
• Herpes virus infection while pregnant increases Autism risk by 2 X (Vitamin D not mentioned)
• Virus-Pregnancy
• Vitamin D food fortification during pregnancy reduced gestational diabetes in daughters by 13 percent
• Preeclampsia of offspring cut in half if mother who smoked had vitamin D fortified margarine
• Poor motor development in infant was 40 percent more likely if low maternal vitamin D
• Pregnant women in Australia to take Omega-3 when told of reduction in preterm births
• Canadian pregnancies have enough vitamin D – if white, summer, supplement, eat meat, etc.
• Flu vaccinations during pregnancy should NOT be the standard of care until tests show it is OK
• Preterm birth 9 X more likely if fetus had a poor Vitamin D Receptor and previous miscarriage
• Preterm births strongly related to Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor, Iodine, Omega-3, etc
• Male infant born alive 1.25 X more likely if sufficient Vitamin D
• Vitamin D and progesterone are synergistic during pregnancy
• Women with more than minimum vitamin D were 3.4 X more likely to achieve pregnancy and 1.6 X more likely to have live births
• Preterm birth rate not vary with vitamin D level (when all are less than 30 ng)
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus associated with 4 Vitamin D genes
• More UVB at 12th week of pregnancy associated with less Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
• Universal pregnancy vitamin D supplementation for a hospital in India – study stopped after 1 month
• Preterm labor 20 times more likely if low vitamin D, etc. (India)
• IQ 4 points lower in male children if fluoridated water while pregnant (perhaps Magnesium)
• Preeclampsia (low vitamin D) doubles the risk of later cardiovascular problems
• Vitamin D and Human Reproduction – 51 page chapter
• Medicaid pays medical bills of 40 percent of children and 46 percent of pregnancies
• Vitamin D cuts pregnancy risks in half – low birth weight, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes – Cochrane
• Fat-soluble vitamins critical for conception, pregnancy and breast feeding (pigs)
• Off topic: Folic Acid - the horror story (for a small percentage of people)
• Association between season of birth and suicide – perhaps vitamin D
• Odds of living to 100 increase by 40 percent if had been born in the fall – 2011
• Conception in winter increases rate of Autism, learning disabilities, dyslexia
• 93% of newborns of military in Hawaii had low vitamin D
• Don’t be pregnant in Scotland
• Preterm birth increases risk of heart disease by 1.5 X by age 40
• Depression after childbirth 5 X less likely if good Omega-3 index
• Autism associated with low Zinc during pregnancy (Zinc is needed by Vitamin D Receptor)
• Increased cows milk allergy if Folic acid or Folate added to vitamin D during pregnancy
• Gestational Diabetes 3 X more likely if poor Vitamin D receptor (Turkey)
• Childhood Asthma somewhat reduced by 2400 IU vitamin D late in pregnancy (néed more, earlier)
• Babies 3.6X more likely to go to hospital for asthma if asthmatic mother had low vitamin D while pregnant
• Pregnant women with low vitamin D (e.g. asthmatics) were more likely to have infants with vitamin D problems (asthmatics)
• Asthma 7 percent less likely for every 40 IU increase in (early) maternal diet
• Male infant 23 percent more likely if preconception vitamin D was high (after prior preg loss)
• Vitamin D Deficiency-Related Reproductive Consequences
• Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) risk reduced 20 percent for each 100 IU of vitamin D during early pregnancy
• Infant Problem-Solving Skills Linked to Mother’s DHA Omega-3 Level During Pregnancy
• Omega-3 during pregnancy and breastfeeding is recommended
• Typical pregnancy is now 39 weeks – Omega-3 and Vitamin D might restore it to full 40 weeks
• Preeclampsia 2X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor
• Low vitamin D in pregnancy and 2X worse language skills later
• Natural pregnancy 4X more likely if sperm had a lot of CYP24A1
• Miscarriage 32 percent more likely if work night shift (probably low Vitamin D)
• Frequent miscarriage associated with both lower vitamin D and poor Vitamin D receptor
• 45 percent more likely to be Vitamin D deficient during pregnancy if polluted air
• Postpartum Depression 3.3 X more likely if low vitamin D
• Air pollution while pregnant associated with lower vitamin D (perhaps indoors more)
• Vitamin A is needed in some 3rd world pregnancies (but not too much)
• American College of Nurse‐Midwives continues to state that 600 IU Vitamin D is enough
• Low Vitamin D if low UV (Pregnant Japanese, 2012)
• Folic acid reduces both premature births and neural tube defects
• Women who had supplemented with any vitamins were 6 X less likely to have autistic offspring
• Premature births predicted in office by 2024 - Bill Gates (vs. reduce preemies by half now with Vitamin D)
• Vitamin D, Calcium and protein very important to bone health
• Less child bone if mother lacked vitamin D
• Vitamin D prevents pregnancy depression (US Prevention Task Force say it cannot be prevented)
• Preeclampsia 3X more likely if low vitamin D at 25th week
• Preeclampsia is not reduced by vitamin D (if you ignore vitamin D level, dose size, frequency and duration)
• Preeclampsia inversely proportional to serum Magnesium
• Premature birth and infant mortality worse if dark skin (low vitamin D) - 2015
• Vitamin B12 levels drop a lot during adolescent pregnancies
• 1.8X increased risk of Obesity if antibiotics were used during pregnancy
• Gut Microbiome is important during pregnancy
• Infant higher Vitamin D if mom took sun, took Vit D, was not obese, or ate eggs (China)
• Heavier offspring if mothers had more sunlight (sheep in this case)
• Vitamin D protects against many types of health problems – review
• Pregnancy and vitamin D – no solid evidence in UK review (mid 2012)
• Doctor prescribed 200,000 IU Vitamin D2 weekly during pregnancy (wrong type, far too much)
• World Health Organization considering new pregnancy Vitamin D recommendations - behind paywall
• 10,000 IU of vitamin D during pregnancy resulted in spectacular infant development – Coimbra
• Recurrent pregnancy loss – Low Vitamin D is a suspected risk factor
• A paltry 400 IU Vitamin D recommended during pregnancy - NICE UK
• Off Topic: Premature birth results in less schooling and income (age 28, 228,000 Danes)
• Alaska recommends more vitamin D: Infancy 800 IU, Pregnancy 1400 IU (avoid rickets)
• Melasma (pregnancy mask) treated by Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, etc.
• Omega-3, Vitamin D, Folic acid etc. during pregnancy and subsequent mental illness of child
• Asthma trial underway - 4,000 IU during pregnancy
• Australia no longer testing every pregnant woman for vitamin D
• Pregnant women will get Vitamin D – going beyond clinical trials
• Increased risk of atopic dermatitis with low vitamin D during pregnancy perhaps due to poor methylation
• Low vitamin D in pregnancy – epigenetic pancreas problems in offspring (mice)
• Birth weight more than 9.9 lbs increases risk of breast cancer by 1.5 (wonder about Vitamin D)
• Vitamin D - Effects on Human Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Fetal Well-being
• Vitamin B12 in addition to Foliate is needed to reduce neural tube defects
• Vitamin D during lactation – range from 4,000 IU daily to 150,000 IU monthly
• Gates funding Vitamin D studies during pregnancy to improve growth
• Pregnancy – low vitamin D associated with many health problems (Barker Hypothesis)
• Pregnant Malays near equator are vitamin D deficient (9 in 10 have less than 20 ng)
• Preconception vitamin D is great - every extra 10 ng associated with 10 percent more likely to have live birth
• Ultraviolet light (like Vitamin D) is great, especially while pregnant
• The earlier the better- preconception vitamin D
• Not enough vitamin D during pregnacy in Australia – PHD
• More pregnancies and fewer abortions when Omega-3 was added (cows in this case)
• Decidua immunity and Vitamin D – dissertation
• First trimester Vitamin D deficiency in associated with placental inflammation, etc.
• Predicted vitamin D levels during pregnancy were sort of similar to those measured
• US OB-GYN Vitamin D survey – lack consensus, lots to learn
• Jaundice of pregnancy (intrahepatic cholestasis ) is associated with low vitamin D
• Vitamin D and autism - treat: 300 IU per kg per day, prevent: during pregnancy 5,000 IU
• Risk a small infant (SGA) increased by 9 percent for every ng lower vitamin D
• Half as many Small for Gestational Age infants when take 600 IU of vitamin D while pregnant
• Air pollution while pregnant reduced vitamin D level in infant
• Maternal Diabetes and Risk of Autism in Offspring – JAMA
• ADHD 2 X more likely if Tylenol used a lot during pregnancy (Autism increased too)
• Fetal femur bone length associated with maternal vitamin D
• Gestational Diabetes 1.9 X more likely if low vitamin D – review
• Low vitamin D in mother rat altered 426 genes in newborn rat
• Pregnancy Vitamin D levels less than 40 ng probably results in poor fetal tooth mineralization
• Vitamin D needed by pregnant women and neonates (in developing countries now too - 2 tables)
• Clinical trials for pregnancy with Vitamin D intervention – 51 as of
• Omega-3 – fewer than 5 percent of adult women get the RDA
• Depressed black pregnant women should take vitamin D
• Many fertilization and pregnancy problems associated with low vitamin D in Saudi Arabia
• Pregnant Arab women 25 X more likely to have low vitamin D if indoors a lot
• 3 X increased risk of being Vitamin D deficient if gut problems while pregnant
• Maternal and foetal health – review of the importance of Vitamin D
• Higher vitamin D levels during pregnancy resulted in less obese infants
• Preterm birth 4X more likely if very low Vitamin D (Chinese)
• 60 percent of preemies have brain damage from lack of brain Oxygen, which is associated with low vitamin D
• Birth problems associated with low Zinc
• Hypothesis being tested: 5000 IU prevent second autistic child
• Hypothesis: male autism risk increased if placental virus and low vitamin D
• Pregnancies helped by Vitamin D – recommendations and trials underway – review
• An Exploratory Study of Postpartum Depression and Vitamin D
• Supplementation while pregnant and psychotic – 20 percent Omega-3, 6 percent Vitamin D
• Oral contraceptive use associated with higher levels of vitamin D – thesis
• 78 percent of pregnant immigrants in Sweden had less than 10 ng low vitamin D
• A gestational dose of vitamin D per day keeps the MS doctor away (2X reduction)
• A good Vitamin D Receptor (or perhaps more vitamin D) protects against lead during pregnancy
• ADHD decreased by 11% for each 10 ng increase in vitamin D in early pregnancy
• Vitamin D and fertility and birth problems with dark skin
• Gestational Diabetes increasing, especially in dark skinned women (low vitamin D) - 2007
• Congenital heart defects twice as likely if low vitamin D while pregnant
• Congenital Heart Disease is associated with gestational diabetes in first trimester (need Vitamin D and Omega-3 early)
• Mild acidic diet with vitamin D eliminated hypocalcemia before birth (cows)
• Poor sleep quality in mid-pregnancy 3.5 X more likely if low vitamin D
• Gestational Diabetes in 10 percent of pregnancies, vitamin D probably helps
• Bone loss during black pregnancies – 4000 IU of vitamin D was not enough
• How employers can save a million dollars per 1,000 pregnancies
• Prenatal soft drink resulted in 2 times more overweight babies at age 12 months (vitamin D not mentioned)
• WHO (mistakenly) still advises against vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy
• Extended breastfeeding cut in half the risk of Multiple Sclerosis
• Born too soon – premature births report by W.H.O. – 2010
• All pregnant women in Scotland to get free vitamin D
• Pregnant Women might find Global Warming Dangerous (lower vitamin D)
• Vitamin D Receptor is associated with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and preterm birth
• Healthy Pregnancies and infants for women having 40 – 80 ng of vitamin D
• Off topic: Caesarean section increases risk of Eczema (Atopic dermatitis) by 1.8 X
• Vitamin D levels in moms and infants are low and sometimes very low
• Asthmatic pregnant women had 30 percent more preterm births if air pollution (vitamin D not mentioned)
• Less bad gut bacteria in infant if even tiny amount of vitamin D during pregnancy
• 33 percent of pregnant women in Turkey had undetectable vitamin D levels
• 120000 IU vitamin D twice during pregnancy helped some
• Gestational diabetes 30 percent less likely if consumed more than 400 IU of vitamin D daily
• Autism 3X more likely after closely spaced pregnancy vs 3 year apart
• Turkey recommended 1200 IU Vitamin D during pregnancy, only 1 in 7 took more than 1,000 IU
• Autism 2.1 times more likely if obese and PCOS (relationships to vitamin D not mentioned)
• High vitamin D in moms decreased MS incidence in daughters by 40%
• Vitamin D supplementation of all pregnant women (in UK) would be cost effective – just considering preeclampsia
• High blood pressure during pregnancy (preeclampsia) associated with low vitamin D, c-section
• Low vitamin D results in severe preeclampsia and low birth weight
• Almost 3X more likely to get preeclampsia if low vitamin D and high PTH
• Preeclampsia 40 percent less likely if mother had more than 20 ng of vitamin D
• 7X increase in early severe preeclampsia associated with low vitamin D
• Women with low vitamin D 4X more likely to have preeclampsia in pregnancy
• Preeclampsia – hypothesis as to why vitamin D helps
• Why preeclampsia is 5X more likely if vitamin D insufficient
• Dark-skined mothers: preeclampsia 12X more likely if gestational hypertension
• Vitamin D before and during pregnancy
• Preterm birth trend toward 2.5 X more likely if less than 10 ng of Vitamin D
• Micronutrients (such as Vitamin D) needed during pregnancy
• Costs of Pregnancy much reduced by Vitamin D
• Is Vitamin D Supplementation Responsible for the Allergy Pandemic
• Sleep Problems in Pregnancy Tied to Premature Births (no surprise, both related to low vitamin D)
• Importance of Vitamin D and fish rarely mentioned during midwife-led prenatal booking visits
• Gastric bypass then pregnant – low Calcium, Zinc, high Magnesium and Vitamin D
• Autism associated with low vitamin D during pregnancy
• Only a select group of women will get a modest benefit from 800 IU of vitamin D
• Low vitamin D plus gestational diabetes resulted in increased ICU use, SGA
• Pregnant women got vitamin D from govt – NONE achieved Vitamin D sufficiency
• Autistic child 2.4 X more likely if less than 10 ng of vitamin D during 2nd trimester
• Prenatal VITAMIN D is more important than other prenatal vitamins
• Risk of preterm birth twice as likely when less than 10 ng of vitamin D
• Vitamin D and pregnancy workshop in South Carolina
• Neonates were 288 gram (0.6 lbs) heavier if mother stopped smoking while pregnant
• Smoking while pregnant: are the problems due to low vitamin D
• Pregnancy complications reduced with 4000 IU of vitamin D - 2RCT
• Birth asphyxia 2.4 times more likely if mother was vitamin D deficient – 2016
• Saudi pregnancies – only 1 in 16 had even 20 nanograms of vitamin D
• Low Vitamin D during pregnancy or as infant causes health problems decades later
• Dark skin pregnancies 2.6 times more likely to have low vitamin D
• Licorice while pregnant reduced cortisol to fetus, increasing the risk of ADD by 3X, etc
• Vitamin D during pregnancy – dramatic changes in both metabolism and genes
• Pregnancy success increased 30 percent if sunny (or vitamin D) one month earlier
• Autism risk increased by 44% if there were pregnancy and labor complications (probably low vitamin D) – Kaiser
• If pregnant and achieve high vitamin D, we propose 400 dollar insurance rebate
• High level of Mercury in umbilical cord was 2.9 times more likely if eat fish instead of vitamin D supplements
• Do not test UK pregnancies for low vitamin D (since 800 IU does not help)
• Alcohol while pregnant lowers the vitamin D levels in Winter and Spring
• Pregnancies in the winter lacking vitamin D need more Calcium
• Strong decrease in both birth weights and pregnancy duration (concurrent with decrease in vitamin D)
• Vitamin D, DHA, Folic, Iodine benefits during pregnancy
• Preterm birth rate reduced 57 percent by Vitamin D
• Implications of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and lactation
• Gestational Diabetes 3.7 X more likely if smoke and have low vitamin D (no surprise)
• Barriers to effective vitamin D supplementation during ante-natal care – Spring 2011
• Less vitamin D makes for low birth weight for white babies
• More maternal vitamin D increases child cognition (petri dish, serotonin)
• Bio-available Vitamin D is reduced by half during pregnancy
• Epileptics have problems with conception
• Stop Zika birth defects
• Vitamin D levels rise during pregnancy
• Ethnicity and low vitamin D levels during pregnancy
• Rancid Omega-3 increased the odds of newborn mortality by 13 times (rats)
• Omega-3 supplementation during pregnancy reduce early preterm births (save 1500 USD per child)
• Neural tube defects – ALL of the women had low vitamin D
• Neural tube defects strongly associated with low vitamin D – 2016
• Birth asphyxia 2.4 more likely if low maternal vitamin D
• Zika and pregnancy – What We Think, What We Know, and What We Think We Know
• Autistic measure 5X more likely if low vitamin D in second trimester
• Heavy smoking during pregnancy increased risk of schizophrenia 38 percent decades later (low vitamin D)
• Many groups of pregnant women are at high risk of being vitamin D deficient
• Zika – 21 bad pregnancy outcomes in US as of
• Plan your pregnancy to reduce Zika exposure
• Depression after pregnancy and vitamin D
• Bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy 3X more likely when low on vitamin D
• Vaginosis during pregnancy 5X more likely if low vitamin D
• Might multiple pregnancy need even more vitamin D
• Twins, no tan, winter, and smoking all associated with low levels of vitamin D during pregnancy
• Restless legs syndrome 3X more likely during pregnancy (low vitamin D)
• Abortion 3X higher risk if very low vitamin D
• Preterm birth has become the leading cause of infant mortality (vitamin D not mentioned) – JAMA
• Zika Virus and Pregnancy -review with questions and answers
• Zika virus infection and pregnancy – not much can be done
• Zika and pregnancy ultrasound guidance (perhaps not just microc. and 1st trimester)
• The placenta and vitamin D
• Prevention of vitamin D deficiency in mothers and infants worldwide - a paradigm shift.
• Type I diabetes 2X more likely if mother had low vitamin D
• Less muscle and insulin resistance for children of vitamin D deficient mothers
• Zika virus and pregnancy - evidence, management, and prevention
• Zika virus and pregnancy literature review
• Small for gestational age and insulin at age 6
• Autism with intellectual disability 2.5 times more likely if low vitamin D during pregnancy
• Increase early births by 40 percent if less than 6 months to restock vitamin D
• Preeclampsia 4X less likely if vitamin D levels increased by 8 ng during pregnancy
• Conception and vitamin D
• FAQ – Pregnancy
• Vitamin D Recommendations during Pregnancy, Lactation and Early Infancy
• Vitamin D Pregnancy Protocol in a US hospital (40 ng)
• Ensure a healthy pregnancy and infant with as little as $20 of Vitamin D
• Stillbirth - still a global problem - Lancet 2015
• Pre-mature births reduced 43 percent by Vitamin D – Cochrane review
• Pregnancy – Cochrane review – pure junk
• Breast Feeding increased risk of low bone density by 24 percent
• Pregnant in New Zealand – should supplement with vitamin D in Winter and Spring
• Vitamin D is being used to prevent premature births – Baggerly interview
• Vitamin D Global Perspective - Holick
• Dr. Holick video on vitamin D
• Opening windows while pregnant cut the number of low birth weight infants by half
• Low birth weight associated with vitamin D levels less than 11 ng
• Language understanding by infant is associated with vitamin D level during pregnancy
• All infants with small heads (less than 33 cm) were from mothers with low vitamin D levels
• Pregnancy – major changes in vitamin D metabolites
• The Nutrient That Could Save One Million Lives (vitamin D)
• New drugs are rarely tested on pregnant women, but vitamin D has been tested
• Caesarean emergency risk 2 X higher for Indian women with low Vitamin D
• Preeclampsia and eclampsia associated with lower vitamin D, etc.
• Vitamin D and pregnancy – review
• Asthma at age 20 increased if vitamin D during pregnancy was higher than 50 ng
• Stretch marks (after pregnancy) prevented and treated by Vitamin D
• Preeclampsia increased risk of Congenital Heart Defects by 60 percent (vitamin D not mentioned)
• Pregnancy supplemented with 2,000 IU vitamin D got most infants to more than 12 nanograms
• Vitamin D test costs Obamacare pregnant woman 214 dollars (vs 6 dollars for a bottle)
• Infant not helped by 200 IU of vitamin D during pregnancy (no surprise)
• Vitamin D is very important during pregnancy – 4,000 daily or 50,000 weekly - review
• Prenatal multivitamins should have lots of vitamin D
• Pregnancy and Vitamin D – 189 page systematic review
• Leading cause of death age 0-5 – vitamin D deficiency
• Miscarriage in 2nd trimester associated with low vitamin D
• Extreme preterm survival 30 percent less likely if little sunshine 23-28 weeks
• Cesarean section 60 percent increased if low vitamin D
• High level of maternal vitamin D and infant food allergy – controversy
• Respiratory distress after preterm birth is more likely if low vitamin D – review
• Increased Gestational Diabetes and poorer infant health associated with low vitamin D
• Routine monitoring of vitamin D during pregnancy is mandatory (Engl. and Port.)
• Depression in youths associated with low vitamin D during pregnancy
• Off topic: Dates (fruit) improve birthing in many ways
• Magnesium helps pregnancy – low quality evidence - Cochrane
• Increasing rate of unhealthy pregnancies and births - Early 2015
• 200 IU of vitamin D during pregnancy did not help (no surprise)
• Preeclampsia was prevented or treated by vitamin D in majority of studies – review
• Most Pregnant Women in Mediterranean Are Vitamin D Deficient
• Gallbladder performs poorly during pregnancy if low vitamin D
• 4,000 IU raised vitamin D levels during pregnancy
• Vitamin D and fertility – Lerchbaum 2012, 2014
• Vitamin D helps women in many ways – review
• Vitamin D and Folate fortification of foods
• Neural tube defects associated with lower vitamin D levels
• Neural tube defects of pregnant mice reduced by Vitamin D (perhaps less Folate needed)
• Pregnant mothers in Quatar needed more than weekly 50,000 IU Vitamin D
• Low dose Vitamin D during pregnancy and infancy results in strange acute respiratory infection response
• Newborn acute lower respiratory tract infection associated with low maternal vitamin D
• Pelvic floor muscle strength is low after giving birth if vitamin D deficient
• High risk of extremely premature birth if high BMI (low vitamin D)
• Vitamin D Deficiency and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
• Low vitamin D during pregnancy associated with four health problems in children
• NONE of the pregnant Beijing women had adequate levels of vitamin D
• Single dose of 200,000 IU of vitamin D during pregnancy did not reduce wheezing 3 years later
• Low vitamin D pregnancy associated with both low birth weight and more weight in child later
• Higher vitamin D in pregnancy resulted in 2X better infant psychomotor and mental scores
• More vitamin D during pregnancy made for higher mental scores at 14 months
• Chance of preterm birth is strongly associated with low vitamin D
• The more preterm the birth, the lower the vitamin D level (both mothers and infants)
• Preterm infants more likely to have vitamin D levels below 20 ng
• WHO says that infants not need vitamin D until 6 months and only 200 IU after - 2013
• Decreased risk of preterm birth if have more than 36 ng of vitamin D
• Low maternal vitamin D level at 4 months associated with 3X more lung problems in boys
• Turkey has yet not learned to GIVE vitamin D DURING pregnancy (5 ng average)
• Changes during pregnancy of vitamin D (decrease), DBP (2X) and albumin (0.8X)
• Healthy Start vitamin D supplementation in UK is a farce
• Metabolites of pregnant blacks vary with vitamin D level
• Why higher levels of vitamin D reduces premature birth
• Pregnant blacks 50 pcnt more likely to be depressed if 3 ng less vitamin D
• Even after informing mothers of the importance of vitamin D supplementation few did so
• UK survey of vitamin D knowledge of midwives - 2011
• Vitamin D levels lower during darker skin pregnancy, but bone density is OK
• Depression 50 percent more likely if low vitamin D in early pregnancy
• Depression and Vitamin D during Pregnancy – Dissertation
• Depression during pregnancy twice as likely if consume little vitamin D
• Far fewer lower respiratory tract infections at 36 months if good vitamin D during pregnancy
• Dark skinned pregnant women far from equator were very vitamin D deficient
• Smoking increased 2.7X the probability of low vitamin D levels in pregnancy
• Maternal vitamin D supplementation – only 1 in 300 in Spain
• High maternal vitamin D resulted in 30 percent less infant problems with breathing
• Presentation: pre and post natal vitamin D, with audience comments – Manchester UK
• WHO still says mistakenly says NO vitamin D during pregnancy, and only 200 IU after
• Labor takes 2 hours longer and infants are born 5 days earlier now (perhaps low vitamin D)
• Higher vitamin D during pregnancy associated with stronger hand grip at age 4
• Off topic – Making birth defects ‘preventable’ Folic acid and the politics of risk reduction
• Mothers and infants in India have very low levels of vitamin D
• 90 percent of Indian mothers and infants had less than 20 ng of vitamin D
• Less bone mass at age 9 if low vitamin D during pregnancy and childhood – Lancet 2006
• Low vitamin D during pregnancy resulted in 2.7 percent less bone content at age 20
• Breast milk can be a good a good source of vitamin D (not)
• Depression in pregnant blacks strongly associated to vitamin D levels
• Just 700 IU of vitamin D during pregnancy reduced rate of asthma at age 7 by 26 percent
• Maternal supplementation (vitamin D is an emerging topic) Lancet
• A UK doctor doubts that more than 400 IU is needed during pregnancy of white women
• Morbid obesity increases chance of extreme preemie by 3X (low vitamin D not mentioned)
• Pregnancy and low vitamin D in Qataris and women around the world
• Pregnant women should have 4,000 IU of vitamin D – Topic review
• Will 1600 IU vitamin D prevent gestational diabetes – no, not enough,
• 80 percent of South Asian Women in UK had less than 10 ng of vitamin D in winter
• Vitamin D in Pregnancy: Current Concepts
• Vitamin D in pregnancy: A metabolic outlook
• Vitamins D and A, before and after birth
• Autism has different causes but same inflammation in brain in half of autistics
• Getting pregnant in May increases chance of premature birth by 10 percent
• Premature delivery associated with low vitamin D in Japanese women
• Pregnancy needs 4000 IU of vitamin D: current opinion
• Vitamin D and Obstetrics Improving Pregnancy and Childbirth - presentations
• Hypothesis: Low maternal vitamin D increases probability of heart disease later in adult
• Less vitamin D made for more severe preeclampsis
• How to reduce preeclampsia
• Obese mothers with adequate vitamin D gave birth to low D and fat infants
• Bone changes during and after pregnancy
• Vitamin D and pregnancy – looks promising, but concerned about too much – Review
• Gestational diabetes 2.2X more likely below 10 ng of vitamin D
• Very low vitamin D for first pregnancies and those with dark skin
• Off topic - the cost of being female
• Variety of pregnancy problems with low vitamin D – systematic review
• Infants born early had low vitamin D levels
• Dial D for danger – absurd editorial in Thorax
• Nordic mothers vitamin D deficient even though meet recommendations
• Finland max 2000 IU vitamin D since cannot get more from food - 2011
• Eclampsia 2X more frequent in Swedish winter
• Vitamin D prior to and after birth
• Calcium and bone disorders in pregnancy
• Smoking while pregnant lowers vitamin D and increases child asthma by 3.6 X
• 83 percent insufficient vitamin D during early pregnancy near equator
• 80 percent recent increase in Strokes following pregnancy
• 400 IU vitamin D for infants and 2000 IU during pregnancy if high risk
• Majority of infant seizures in India due to lack of vitamin D
• Vitamin D given after low weight birth did not decrease death rate
• Vitamin D deficiency and pregnancy - from preconception to birth
• OBGYN College in UK still recommends only 400 IU during pregnancy
• Cochrane Report on Vitamin D for pregnancies ignored the facts
• No association of first trimester fetal size with vitamin D
• Wonder if low pH of umbilical cord is associated with low vitamin D
• Vitamin D May Be a Link to Black-White Disparities in Adverse Birth Outcomes
• 40 years ago a vitamin D mistake was made
• Abu Dhabi 2012 - Grant
• Abu Dhabi 2012 - Hollis
• Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency is Common during Pregnancy
• 800 IU Vitamin D while pregnant decrease child asthma by 2X
• 300 IU vitamin D daily raised child levels to 20 ng from 8 ng
• Many pregnant women have low levels of nutrients
• Review of recent publications on vitamin D and pregnancy
• Only 19 percent of Turkish mothers had normal levels of vitamin D – 2009
• Vitamin D and pregnancy review - 1 ng increases IFV success by 1 percent
• 70% of pregnant women had complications due to lack of vitamin D
• New Insights into Vitamin D During Pregnancy, Lactation and Early Infancy
• The vitamin D requirement during human lactation
• Vitamin D levels in first trimester vary with latitude
• Mixed results of studies of vitamin D during pregnancy
• Hypothesis – vitamin D links breastfeeding difficulties and depression
• Depressed mothers more likely to have small babies
• Incredible – Obstetrics group says pregnant women not need vitamin D tests
• 5X more likely to be deficient of vitamin D during pregnancy than anything else
• Pregnancy outcomes not associated with low vitamin D – review
• Bone fractures not associated with vitamin D status
• Vitamin D – pregnancy and lactation in high and low income countries
• Some males conceived in the fall in the North were shorter
• Review of vitamin D and pregnancy
• Profound vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy
• Birth control pills could contain Folic acid and vitamin D
• 2X more allergies if 11th womb week was in Spring – Vitamin D or pollen
• Vitamin D Levels at Birth May Predict Obesity Risk at age 3
• Half of newborn deaths are due to excessive weight of their mothers
• Breast Cancer and pregnancy both better with vitamin D
• Vitamin D levels of mothers fell significantly due to pregnancy
• Hypothesis - low vitamin D causes health problems during pregnancy and for infant
• Pregnant women vitamin D insuficiency Black 97 Hispanic 81 White 67 percent
• 400 IU vitamin D is barely enough for pregnant white women - more would be better
• Recommend 400 IU to prevent rickets
• Study quantified the problems of increased TV watching by toddlers
• 97 percent of pregnant Blacks had less than 32 ng of vitamin D - 2010
• Vitamin D Deficiency in a London hospital - 2010
• 82% of pregnant in Southern US had vitamin D less than 32 ng
• Vitamin D for Good Bone Health – Orthopaedic Surgeons
• Pre-Birth Vitamin D Levels Determine Your Health for Life
• 36% of pediatricians recommend adding vitamin D
• More Vitamin D Leads to Fewer Pregnancy Problems – Rodale Press
• Vitamin D Newsletter
• Winter babies are more prone to food allergies