Severe COVID while pregnant - none had taken any vitamin D

Impact of vitamin D on the course of COVID-19 during pregnancy: A case control study

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol . 2021 Oct;213:105964. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105964

Selcan Sinaci 1, Doga Fatma Ocal 2, Didem Fatma Yucel Yetiskin 2, Derya Uyan Hendem 2, Gul Nihal Buyuk 2, Sule Goncu Ayhan 2, Atakan Tanacan 2, A Seval Ozgu-Erdinc 2, Ozlem Moraloglu Tekin 3, Dilek Sahin 3

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Objective: We aimed to evaluate the vitamin D status of pregnant women with COVID-19, and the association between vitamin D level and severity of COVID-19.

Methods: In this case control study, 159 women with a single pregnancy and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and randomly selected 332 healthy pregnant women with similar gestational ages were included. COVID-19 patients were classified as mild, moderate, and severe. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25-hydroxycholecalciferol <20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L), and 25-OH D vitamin <10 ng/mL was defined as severe vitamin D deficiency, also 25-OH D vitamin level between 20-29 ng/mL (525-725 nmol/L) was defined as vitamin D insufficiency.

Results: Vitamin D levels of the pregnant women in the COVID-19 group (12.46) were lower than the control group (18.76). 25-OH D vitamin levels of those in the mild COVID-19 category (13.69) were significantly higher than those in the moderate/severe category (9.06). In terms of taking vitamin D supplementation, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. However, it was observed that all of those who had severe COVID-19 were the patients who did not take vitamin D supplementation.

Conclusion: The vitamin D levels are low in pregnant women with COVID-19. Also, there is a significant difference regarding to vitamin D level and COVID-19 severity in pregnant women. Maintenance of adequate vitamin D level can be useful as an approach for the prevention of an aggressive course of the inflammation induced by this novel coronavirus in pregnant women.

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There was no statistically significant relationship between vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 severity (p > 0.05). However, it was observed that all of those who had severe COVID-19 were the patients who did not take vitamin D supplementation .

In those taking vitamin D supplementation, the mild COVID-19 rate was 77.8 %; while moderate and severe was 22.2 %, as seen in Table 6.

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