Polymorphisms within vitamin D binding protein gene within a Preeclamptic South African population.
Hypertens Pregnancy. 2019 Sep 27:1-8. doi: 10.1080/10641955.2019.1667383
Items in all 3 categories Pregnancy, Hypertension, and Vitamin D Binding Protein:
Pregnancy and Vitamin D Binding Protein:
- Hypertension during pregnancy: low Vitamin D, poor Vit. D genes – June 2022
- During pregnancy less Vitamin D due to increased Vitamin D binding Protein – May 2020
- Spontaneous Miscarriage strongly associated with 2 vitamin D genes – March 2020
- Preeclampsia 11X more likely if poor Vitamin D Binding Protein (South Africa) - Sept 2019
- Type 1 Diabetes risk increased if high postpartum Vitamin D binding protein – Jan 2019
- Fetal Growth poor if Vitamin D-Binding Protein gene poor – Feb 2017
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus associated with 4 Vitamin D genes – Oct 2015
- Preeclampsia changes to Vitamin D Binding Protein reduces Vitamin D in placenta – Dec 2016
- Bio-available Vitamin D is reduced by half during pregnancy – Jan 2017
- Changes during pregnancy of vitamin D (decrease), DBP (2X) and albumin (0.8X) – Oct 2014
Items in Preeclampsia (categories Pregnancy & Hypertension):
- Low Vitamin D is a top predictor of adverse events during pregnancy – Feb 2024
- Preeclampsia reduced by 33 percent if high vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2023
- Risk of preeclampsia should drop to nearly zero at 60 ng of Vitamin D – July 2022
- Hypertension during pregnancy: low Vitamin D, poor Vit. D genes – June 2022
- Low Vitamin D associated with preeclampsia - meta-analysis Feb 2022
- Low Vitamin D associated with pre-eclampsia -40th meta-analysis – Feb 2022
- Preeclampsia reduced by Vitamin D - many studies
- Preeclampsia (hypertension while pregnant) varies with season (O.R. 0.57) – June 2021
- Preeclampsia (low vitamin D) doubles the risk of later cardiovascular problems – Sept 2019
- Preeclampsia 11X more likely if poor Vitamin D Binding Protein (South Africa) - Sept 2019
- Preeclampsia 2X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – April 2019
- Preeclampsia reduced 1.7 X by aspirin (but reduced 7 X by Vitamin D) – Feb 2018
- Preeclampsia risk reduced 7X by 4,000 IU of Vitamin D daily – RCT March 2018
- Preeclampsia of offspring cut in half if mother who smoked had vitamin D fortified margarine – Dec 2017
- Preeclampsia reduced 2X by Vitamin D, by 5X if also add Calcium – meta-analysis Oct 2017
- Child 49 percent higher risk of being overweight if preeclampsia during pregnancy – Sept 2017
- Preeclampsia risk reduced 60 percent if supplement with Vitamin D (they ignored dose size) – meta-analysis Sept 2017
- Preeclampsia recurrence reduced 2 X by 50,000 IU of vitamin D every two weeks – RCT July 2017
- Preeclampsia is not reduced by vitamin D (if you ignore vitamin D level, dose size, frequency and duration) – July 2017
- Preeclampsia doubles the risk of mild cognitive impairment – July 2017
- No Preeclampsia during pregnancy if more than 60 ng of vitamin D – RCT July 2013
- Preeclampsia changes to Vitamin D Binding Protein reduces Vitamin D in placenta – Dec 2016
- Preeclampsia risk reduced by higher levels of vitamin D (VDAART 4,400 IU) - RCT Nov 2016
- MAGNESIUM IN MAN - IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH AND DISEASE – review 2015
- Preeclampsia 4X less likely if vitamin D levels increased by 8 ng during pregnancy – March 2016
- Preeclampsia 2X more likely if low vitamin D, unless adjust for vitamin D factors (BMI, skin color) – Dec 2015
- Preeclampsia and eclampsia associated with lower vitamin D, etc. – Sept 2015
- Preeclampsia increased risk of Congenital Heart Defects by 60 percent (vitamin D not mentioned) Oct 2015
- Preeclampsia reduced by Vitamin D (50,000 IU bi-weekly) and Calcium – Oct 2015
- Burka clothing reduces vitamin D levels, which causes pregnancy problems – Oct 2015
- Preeclampsia – hypothesis as to why vitamin D helps – June 2015
- Preeclampsia inversely proportional to serum Magnesium – Oct 2014
- Hypertension in pregnancy (preeclampsia) more frequent in winter (low vitamin D) – Jan 2015
- Preeclampsia rate cut in half by high level of vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2014
- Preeclampsia 40 percent less likely if mother had more than 20 ng of vitamin D – Jan 2014
- Preeclampsia 2.7X more frequent if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2013
- During pregnancy even 400 IU helps metabolic status – RCT July 2013
- 2X more preeclampsia when vitamin D less than 30 ng, etc. - meta-analysis March 2013
- 7X increase in early severe preeclampsia associated with low vitamin D – Aug 2012
- 200 IU of Vitamin D does not prevent preeclampsia – RCT Aug 2012
- Preeclampsia 3X more likely if low vitamin D at 25th week – April 2012
- Low vitamin D results in severe preeclampsia and low birth weight – Mar 2011
- Women with low vitamin D 4X more likely to have preeclampsia in pregnancy – Nov 2010
- Seasonal variation on preeclampsia is correlated with sunlight intensity - June 2010
Vitamin D Binding Protein (GC) gene can decrease the bio-available Vitamin D that can get to cells,
- GC is not the only such gene - there are 3 others, all invisible to standard Vitamin D tests
- The bio-available calculation does not notice the effect of GC, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, and VDR
- The actual D getting to the cells is a function of measured D and all 4 genes
- There is >2X increase in 8+ health problems if have poor VDBP (GC)
- It appears that VDBP only blocks oral vitamin D,
- but NOT Vitamin D from sun, UV, topical or inhaled (tissue activated)
- A clue: - Vitamin D from UV is 2X better for MS than oral Vitamin D
Download the PDF from Sci-Hub via VitaminDWiki
Authors: Naidoo Y1, Moodley J2, Ramsuran V3, Naicker T4.
- 1 Discipline of Optics and Imaging, Women's Health and HIV Research Group , Durban , South Africa.
- 2 KZN Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa.
- 3 KwaZulu-Natal Research and Innovation Sequencing Platform, University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine , Durban , South Africa.
- 4 Department of Optics and Imaging, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa.
Objectives: The vitamin D binding protein encoded by the GC gene contains two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4588 and rs7041) that have been associated with disease outcome, these include periodontitis coronary heart disease and hypertension. In pregnancy, these SNPs influence vitamin D metabolism that could result in hypertensive disorders such as PE. The etiology of PE, still remains elusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of rs4588 and rs7041 within the GC gene among PE and normotensive pregnant women, residing in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Study design: Our study consisted of n = 600 participants (normotensive (n = 246, N); early onset PE (n = 167, EOPE); and late-onset PE (n = 246, LOPE)). We extracted DNA from whole blood and genotyped for rs4588 and rs7041 SNPs using the TaqMan assay.
Results: Regardless of HIV status, we observed the rs4588 (CC genotype) more frequently in PE (EOPE+LOPE) compared to the normotensive participants with an OD ratio of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.35-1.5; p < 0.001). We report a significant difference in the frequency of rs7041 (GT genotype) in the EOPE group compared to the normotensive group with an OD ratio of 11.48 (95% CI, 2.6-103.7; p < 0.001). The rs7041 GT genotype had a higher frequency in the EOPE compared to the LOPE group, with an OD ratio of 15.15 (95% CI, 2.3-639.2; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: This is the first study to describe the prevalence of SNPs of the rs4588 and rs7041 within the GC gene in women with PE within the high HIV endemic area of KZN, South Africa. Notably, a significant association of the rs7041 (TT genotype) and rs4588 (CC genotype) occurred at a higher frequency in PE compared to the normotensive cohort. Future studies will examine the functional effect of the GC region in relation to pregnancy and vitamin D deficiency.
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