Hallmarks of aging and immunosenescence: Connecting the dots
Immune system cells Changes with aging Implications
Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews Volume 59, June 2021, Pages 9-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.006, PDF behind paywall
Leane PerimRodriguesaVitória RodriguesTeixeiraaThuanyAlencar-SilvaaBiancaSimonassi-PaivaabRinaldo WellersonPereiraaRobertPogueabJuliana LottCarvalhoac
Aging is a natural physiological process that features various and variable challenges, associated with loss of homeostasis within the organism, often leading to negative consequences for health. Cellular senescence occurs when cells exhaust the capacity to renew themselves and their tissue environment as the cell cycle comes to a halt. This process is influenced by genetics, metabolism and extrinsic factors. Immunosenescence, the aging of the immune system, is a result of the aging process, but can also in turn act as a secondary inducer of senescence within other tissues. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding hallmarks of aging in relation to immunosenescence, with a focus on aging-related imbalances in the medullary environment, as well as the components of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Aging within the immune system alters its functionality, and has consequences for the person's ability to fight infections, as well as for susceptibility to chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype is described, as well as the involvement of this phenomenon in the paracrine induction of senescence in otherwise healthy cells. Inflammaging is discussed in detail, along with the comorbidities associated with this process. A knowledge of these processes is required in order to consider possible targets for the application of senotherapeutic agents - interventions with the potential to modulate the senescence process, thus prolonging the healthy lifespan of the immune system and minimizing the secondary effects of immunosenescence.
VitaminDWiki – Immunity category starts
see also
Virus category listing hasOverview Influenza and vitamin D
Vitamin D helps both the innate and adaptive immune systems fight COVID-19 – Jan 2022
Vitamin D aids the clearing out of old cells (autophagy) – many studies
600,000 IU of Vitamin D (total) allowed previously weak immune systems to fight off a virus antigen - Nov 2020
Search for treg OR "t-cell" in VitaminDWiki 1440 items as of Jan 2020
228 VitaminDWiki pages contained "infection" in title (June 2024)
Search VitaminDWik for BACTERIA in title 25 items as of Aug 2019
Vitamin D and the Immune System – chapter Aug 2019
7X less risk of influenza if Vitamin D levels higher than 30 ng – Oct 2017
Common cold prevented and treated by Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea – review April 2018
Vitamin D improves T Cell immunity – RCT Feb 2016
Immune system - great 11-minute animated video - Aug 2021
Only the brain is more complex, nothing about Vitamin D
18 titles in VitaminDWiki contained INNATE or ADAPTIVE as of Jan 2023
Increasing publications on vitamin D and Infection
VitaminDWiki – Items in both categories Immunity and Seniors
- Vitamin D and Aging: Central Role of Immunocompetence – Carlberg Jan 2024
- Aging of the Immune system (Immunosenescence): micronutrients and gut microbiota – Oct 2022
- Long-Haul more prevalent among seniors - June - 2022
- Immune system degrades with age (perhaps Vitamin D can help) - Jan 2022
- 600,000 IU of Vitamin D (total) allowed previously weak immune systems to fight off a virus antigen - Nov 2020
- When over 50, poor health is associated with poor vitamin D– review Oct 2019
- Antibiotic use cut in half by elderly (over 70) after monthly 60,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT Dec 2013
- Elderly taking extra vitamin D should expect fewer falls AND less flu – June 2011
VitaminDWiki – Items in both categories Virus and Immunity
- Need better COVID drugs for immunocompromized (ignores Vitamin D) - Sept 2024
- Many viral diseases can be fought by immune system-augmented Vitamin D - Sunil Aug 2024
- Pfizer COVID vaccinations resulted in altering immune systems (increased IgG4 ) – Aug 2024
- Viral infections reduced 40% by monthly 100,000 IU Vitamin D – RCT review Aug 2024
- Global surge in infectious diseases as over 40 countries report outbreaks 10-fold over pre-pandemic levels - June 2024
- Vitamin D: Viral infections, Infectious diseases, EBV and MS, Virus and Cancers – Grant March 2024
- Immune System tolerance is inversely related to the number of COVID vaccinations (PubMed analysis) - Oct 2023
- Fight infections such as COVID with 50 ng of Vitamin D – Sunil Dec 2022
- The vitamins and minerals that help the immune system respond to respiratory viruses – Dec 2022
- A year after 2nd COVID vaccination, stems cells not available to fetus immune system – Nov 2022
- Vitamin D, immune System, Infection, and COVID- Video Oct 2022
- Vitamin D energizes the innate and adaptive immune systems to fight lung inflammation – Sept 2022
- Long-Haul more prevalent among seniors - June - 2022
- Vitamin D, Immune function, and SARS-CoV2 – May 2022
- Innate immune suppression by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations - April 2022
- Immune system both activates and uses vitamin D (in brain, fight COVID, etc.) - March 2022
- COVID can be fought by healthy immune systems (vitamins, etc.) - Feb 2022
- Vitamin D helps both the innate and adaptive immune systems fight COVID-19 – Jan 2022
- Vaccine definition by the CDC seems to now include Vitamin D - Sept 2021
- Immune system - great 11-minute animated video - Aug 2021
- Vitamin D for infections and COVID (50,000 IU weekly for 3 months) – July 2021
- Vitamin D and COVID-19 both affect immune cells – June 2021
- T-cells need at least 40-50 ng of Vitamin D to fight COVID-19 - June 2021
- COVID-19 activates and Vitamin D de-activates 12 cytokines (mini-review)– May 2021
- Long-haul COVID-19 - another hint that Vitamin D should help - Dec 2020
- Strong innate immune systems do not get viral symptoms (COVID-19) – April 2021
- How healthy innate immune systems adapt to viral mutations - Feb 2021
- immune system charts (vitamin D, virus, mutation, etc)
- 600,000 IU of Vitamin D (total) allowed previously weak immune systems to fight off a virus antigen - Nov 2020
- Ways to boost immune system to fight COVID-19 (no protocol) - Oct 2020
- COVID-19 patients with low vitamin D had far fewer natural killer cells – Dec 2020
- Protect your immune system from COVID-19, flu, colds, etc with 10,000 IU of vitamin D etc. - Nov 2020
- 19X fewer COVID-19 infections if innate immune system activated – trial Oct 21, 2020
- Nutrients etc, which fight viruses and fortify the immune system
- Covid-19, T cells, and Vitamin D
- Mild COVID-19 quickly treated by Zinc lozenges in 4 people – June 6, 2020
- Clear Association between Influenza and low Vitamin D - March 2020
- Immune system is capable of producing 1 Quadrillion unique antibodies - Jan 2019
- Immune system is fortified by micronutrients such as vitamin D – Review Jan 2020
- Vitamin D probably can both prevent Influenza and augment vaccine effectiveness – Aug 2018
- Common cold prevented and treated by Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea – review April 2018
- Immunity increased by Vitamin D via cells and genes (HIV etc.) – March 2018
- Flu
- Congenital Zika Syndrome (more than microcephaly) – Spring 2016
- Dengue fever immune response and micronutrients (vitamins D, E, A, and Zinc, Iron, Chromium) – Nov 2015
- Adaptive immunity (cancer, viruses, autoimmune) and vitamin D – April 2016
- Many Infectious diseases (virus) treated and prevented by Vitamin D – review July 2009
- Immune response to respiratory viruses – vitamin D connection – review May 2015
- Vitamin D may protect against Ebola
- Malaria in mice brains, and associated inflammation, prevented by Vitamin D intervention – July 2014
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