Gut-brain Axis and Migraine Headache: A Comprehensive Review
Advanced Studies of the European Headache Federation (EHF-SAS)
Review J Headache Pain, 21 (1), 15 2020 Feb 13, DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-1078-9
Mahsa Arzani 1, Soodeh Razeghi Jahromi 2, Zeinab Ghorbani 3, Fahimeh Vahabizad 1 4, Paolo Martelletti 5, Amir Ghaemi 6, Simona Sacco 7, Mansoureh Togha 8 9,
A few relevant studies on VitaminDWiki
- Headaches helped by Vitamin D in 7 studies – Jan 2020
- Migraine headache 5X less likely if optimal level of vitamin D – Oct 2018
- Acute Migraine 35 times more likely if low Magnesium levels – May 2016
- Microbiomes of both gut and airway are affected by Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor – Nov 2018
- Gut microbiome massively changed by weekly vitamin D – July 2015
Resveratrol increases activation of the Vitamin D Receptor, which increases Vitamin D in cells
- Resveratrol, Metabolic Syndrome, and Gut Microbiota – Nov 2018
- Note: Resveratrol increases the activation of the Vitamin D Receptor
- Resveratrol Role in Autoimmune Disease-A Mini-Review. – Dec 2016
- Resveratrol and inflammatory bowel disease: the evidence so far – June 2018
- Gut and airway bionome are affected by Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor – Nov 2018
Overview Gut and vitamin D has the following summary
- Gut problems result in reduced absorption of Vitamin D, Magnesium, etc.
- Celiac disease has a strong genetic component.
- Most, but not all, people with celiac disease have a gene variant.
- An adequate level vitamin D seems to decrease the probability of getting celiac disease.
- Celiac disease causes poor absorption of nutrients such as vitamin D.
- Bringing the blood level of vitamin D back to normal in patients with celiac disease decreases symptoms.
- The prevalence of celiac disease, not just its diagnosis, has increased 4X in the past 30 years, similar to the increase in Vitamin D deficiency.
- Review in Nov 2013 found that Vitamin D helped
Many intervention clinical trials with vitamin D for Gut problems (101 trials listed as of Sept 2019) - All items in category gut and vitamin D
203 items Overview Gut and vitamin D contains gut-friendly information
Gut-friendly, Sublingual, injection, topical, UV, sunshineGetting Vitamin D into your body has the following chart
Getting Vitamin D into your body also has the following
If poorly functioning gut
Bio-D-Mulsion Forte – especially made for those with poorly functioning guts, or perhaps lacking gallbladder
Sublingual – goes directly into the bloodstream
Fat-soluble Vitamins go thru the slow lymph system
you can make your own sublingual by dissolving Vitamin D in water or use nano form
Oil: 1 drop typically contains 400 IU, 1,000 IU, or 4,000 IU, typically not taste good
Topical – goes directly into the bloodstream. Put oil on your skin, Use Aloe vera cream with Vitamin D, or make your own
Vaginal – goes directly into the bloodstream. Prescription-only?
Bio-Tech might be useful – it is also water-soluble
Vitamin D sprayed inside cheeks (buccal spray) - several studies
and, those people with malabsorption problems had a larger response to spray
Inject Vitamin D quarterly into muscle, into vein, or perhaps into body cavity if quickly needed
Nanoparticles could be used to increase vitamin D getting to the gut – Oct 2015
Poor guts need different forms of vitamin D has the following
Guesses of Vitamin D response if poor gutBio Form Speed Duration 10 Injection ($$$)
or Calcidiol or CalcitriolD - Slow
C -FastLong 10 Sun/UVB Slow Long 10 Topical
(skin patch/cream, vagina)Slow
Fast nanoNormal 9 Nanoemulsion -mucosal
perhaps activates VDRFast Normal 9? Inhaled (future) Fast Normal 8 Bio-D-Mulsion Forte Normal Normal 6 Water soluble (Bio-Tech) Normal Normal 4 Sublingual/spray
(some goes into gut)Fast Normal 3 Coconut oil based Slow Normal 2 Food (salmon etc.) Slow Normal 2 Olive oil based (majority) Slow Normal 10= best bioavailable, 0 = worst, guesses have a range of +-2
Speed: Fast ~2-6 hours, Slow ~10-30 hours
Duration: Long ~3-6 months, Normal = ~2 months
Headache has the following on metals and migraines
Compared blood levels of 25 people with migraines to 25 people without GreenMedInfo
Metal Migraine No Migraine Migraine Ratio Cadmium 0.36 ug 0.09 ug 4X MORE if increase Iron 0.97 ug 0.48 ug 2X MORE if increase Lead 1.48 ug 0.78 ug 2X MORE if increase Magnesium 10.6 ug 34.5 ug 3.5X LESS if increase Zinc * 0.24 ug 5.77 ug 24X LESS if increase * Note: Zinc increases the activation of the Vitamin D Receptor, which allows more vitamin D into cells
Also- Cluster Headaches treated by high-dose Vitamin D, etc. (interview and transcript) - Feb 2022 Zinc is mentioned
- Zinc supplementation affects favorably the frequency of migraine attacks: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial - Sept 2020 No such attachment on this page
- Zinc somewhat reduced Migraine in RCT - Sept 2020
Zinc supplementation affects favorably the frequency of migraine attacks: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-020-00618-9 FREE PDF
The items in Headache and Magnesium are listed here:- Magnesium Pidolate may be a good form to reduce headaches – Aug 2020
- Headaches decreased by Vitamin D, Magnesium etc. – Review March 2022
- Cluster Headaches treated by high-dose Vitamin D, etc. (interview and transcript) - Feb 2022
- Migraine headaches cut in half by 4,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT Sept 2018
- Magnesium in Healthcare (Rickets, Stones, Pregnancy, Depression, etc.) with level of evidence – Sept 2017
- Acute Migraine 35 times more likely if low Magnesium levels – May 2016
- Migraine headaches quickly reduced with Magnesium – Meta-analysis Jan 2016
- Cluster headaches virtually eliminated in 7,000 people with high-dose vitamin D and cofactors - Feb 2022
- Headache
- Migraines may be due to lack of lack of Magnesium in half of sufferers – May 2012
- Headache with vitamin D may mean you need Magnesium
Download the PDF from VSci-Hub via itaminDWiki
The terminology "gut-brain axis "points out a bidirectional relationship between the GI system and the central nervous system (CNS). To date, several researches have shown that migraine is associated with some gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as
- Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection,
- irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and
- celiac disease (CD).
The present review article aims to discuss the direct and indirect evidence suggesting relationships between migraine and the gut-brain axis. However, the mechanisms explaining how the gut and the brain may interact in patients with migraine are not entirely clear. Studies suggest that this interaction seems to be influenced by multiple factors such as
- inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α),
- gut microbiota profile,
- neuropeptides and serotonin pathway,
- stress hormones and
- nutritional substances.
Neuropeptides including CGRP, SP, VIP, NPY are thought to have antimicrobial impact on a variety of the gut bacterial strains and thus speculated to be involved in the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the brain. According to the current knowledge, migraine headache in patients harboring HP might be improved following the bacteria eradication.
Migraineurs with long headache history and high headache frequency have a higher chance of being diagnosed with IBS. IBS and migraine share some similarities and can alter gut microflora composition and thereby may affect the gut-brain axis and inflammatory status.
Migraine has been also associated with CD and the condition should be searched particularly in patients with migraine with occipital and parieto-occipital calcification at brain neuroimaging. In those patients, gluten-free diet can also be effective in reducing migraine frequency.
It has also been proposed that migraine may be improved by dietary approaches with beneficial effects on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis including appropriate consumption of fiber per day, adhering to a low glycemic index diet, supplementation with vitamin D, omega-3 and probiotics as well as weight loss dietary plans for overweight and obese patients.Printer Friendly Follow this page for updates4483 visitors, last modified 25 Feb, 2021,