Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Prior to Cardiothoracic Surgery
Heart, Lung and Circulation. Volume 23, Issue 10, October 2014, Pages 978–980
Lesley A. Brauna, b, c, Ondine Spitzerb, Bianca Levkovicha, Michael Baileyd, Cathy Stangutsb, Lisa Hoseb, Franklin Rosenfeldtc, e, rosenfeldt@bigpond.com
a Pharmacy Department, The Alfred Hospital
b Monash Centre for the Study of Ethics in Medicine & Society, Monash University
c Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Alfred Hospital
d Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University
e Department of Surgery, Monash University
Monash University is in Melbourne, Australia.
2/3 had < 25 ng/mL of vitamin D – which they felt placed patients at high risk for falls
Note by VitaminDWiki: One surgeon refuses optional surgery on patients who have not have their vitamin D levels optimized
See also VitaminDWiki
- Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
- Vitamin D is not a cardiovascular fad like Vitamins C, E, Folic Acid, selenium, beta-caroteen, etc. – Circulation Nov 2013
- Almost 6X more likely to die after coronary bypass if vitamin D deficient – Dec 2012
- Magnesium prevents cardiovascular events – Meta-analysis March 2013
- Cardiovascular disease 50 % more likely if low vitamin D - meta-analysis Nov 2012
- Cardiovascular Disease is associated with lack of Vitamin D - meets most of Hill's Criteria -Aug 2014
- Why is too much vitamin D bad for bad hearts – Jan 2014 “might be bad”
- 96 % of heart failure patients had less than 30 ng of vitamin D – March 2011
- Overview Fractures and Falls and Vitamin D
- Overview Cholesterol and vitamin D
- Overview Hypertension and Vitamin D
Background
Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common chronic medical conditions in the world and also prevalent in Australia. A growing body of evidence suggests that low vitamin D also has adverse effects on cardiovascular health, including coronary risk factors and adverse cardiovascular outcomes such as myocardial infarction, cardiac failure and stroke.
There is some evidence suggesting that a greater proportion of people with cardiovascular disease have low vitamin D compared to the general population. We examined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in elective cardiothoracic surgical patients presenting to the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne, Australia and compared this to recent Victorian statistics for people of the same age group.
Methods
Consecutive adult elective cardiothoracic surgical patients listed for either coronary artery bypass graft surgery or heart valve repair or replacement surgery attending The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne between July 2011 and October 2012 were invited to participate. This ensured that patients were enrolled over all four seasons. Fasting serum samples were taken on the day of surgery, immediately after admission.
Eighty volunteers participated in the study. Of the group, 40% were due to have coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 35% valve surgery and 25% a combination of the two;
- 74% reported having hypertension,
- 69% hyperlipidaemia,
- 26% diabetes and
- 39% had a BMI >30 kg/m2.
Results
Test results revealed that 92.5% of patients had Vitamin D levels < 75nmol/L, 67.5% had levels < 60 nmol/L, 52.5% had levels between 30-59 nmol/L and 15% had levels < 30 nmol/L. Inadequate vitamin D levels were found in 80% of obese patients (BMI > 30 kg/m2) compared to 59% of non-obese patients.
Conclusions
Based on our small screening study, a substantial proportion of elective cardiothoracic surgical patients have less than optimal serum vitamin D3 levels prior to surgery. We found two-thirds of patients had serum vitamin D levels below 60 nmol/L, placing them at higher risk of falls. This finding is of concern as these patients would have received multiple consultations with various medical practitioners prior to hospital admission and yet their inadequate vitamin D status remained.
Failing to identify patients with low vitamin D and correcting it with supplementation places older adults at unnecessary risk, especially of falls, which are associated with a high risk of mortality. In an ageing population with CVD, vitamin D status needs to be assessed and any inadequacy corrected. Whether low vitamin D status prior to cardiac surgery affects post-surgery outcomes, is another issue which deserves future investigation.
Corresponding author at: Professor Frank Rosenfeldt, Head Cardiac Surgical Research Unit, Alfred Hospital, GPO Box 315, Prahran, Victoria 3181.
Copyright © 2014 Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.