Hypovitaminosis D is Independently Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Patients
PLoS ONE 8(7): e68689. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068689
Ilaria Barchetta, Marzia De Bernardinis, Danila Capoccia, Marco Giorgio Baroni, Mario Fontana, Antonio Fraioli, Sergio Morini, Frida Leonetti, Maria Gisella Cavallo gisella.cavallo@uniroma1.it
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) and hypovitaminosis D represent two of the most diffuse condition worldwide, reaching pandemic proportions in industrialized countries, and are both strongly associated with obesity. This study set out to evaluate the presence of an independent association between hypovitaminosis D and MS in an adult population of obese subjects with/without MS.
Methods: We recruited 107 consecutive obese subjects, 61 with MS (age(mean±SD) 45.3±13.3 years, BMI(mean±SD): 43.1±8.3 kg/m2) and 46 without MS (age: 41.8±11.5, p = n.s., BMI:41.6±6.5 kg/m2, p = n.s.) comparable for sex, BMI, waist circumference and body fat mass, evaluated by bioimpedentiometry. 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels were measured by colorimetric method. Insulin resistance was estimated by fasting blood insulin, HOMA-IR and ISI.
Results: Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly lower in MS obese patients than in obese subjects without MS (median(range) 13.5(3.3–32) vs 17.4(5.1–37.4), p<0.007). Low 25(OH)D3 levels correlated with glycaemia (p<0.007), phosphate (p<0.03), PTH (p<0.003) and the MS (p<0.001). Multivariate model confirmed that low 25(OH)D3 levels were associated with the diagnosis of MS in obese patients independently from gender, age, serum PTH and body fat mass.
After stratifying the study population according to 25(OH)D3 concentrations, patients in the lowest quartile showed a markedly increased prevalence of MS compared to those in the highest quartile (OR = 4.1, CI 1.2–13.7, p = 0.02).
Conclusions: A powerful association exists between hypovitaminosis D and MS in obese patients independently from body fat mass and its clinical correlates.
This indicates that the association between low 25(OH) D3 levels and MS is not merely induced by vitamin D deposition in fat tissue and reinforces the hypothesis that hypovitaminosis D represent a crucial independent determinant of MS.
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See also VitaminDWiki
- Metabolic Syndrome 13 percent more likely for every 10 ng less vitamin D – Meta-analysis Jan 2014
- Metabolic syndrome is associated with vitamin D independently of obesity – 2012
- Overview Metabolic Syndrome and vitamin D
- Metabolic Syndrome 10% less likely for every 4 ng increase in Vitamin D – Jan 2013
- 2.7X more likely to have low level of vitamin D if have Metabolic Syndrome – Nov 2012
- Sudden death 6X more likely with Metabolic Syndrome and low vitamin D - March 2012