Table of contents
- Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 9595 Mongolian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study
- VitaminDwiki: Overview of Rickets and vitamin D contains
- VitaminDWiki category Deficiency of Vitamin D
- VitaminDWiki categories Deficiency & Infant-child
- VitaminDWiki pages with MONGOLIA in title
Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 9595 Mongolian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study
Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 4175; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114175
by Jorick Bater 1,*ORCID,Sabri Bromage 1ORCID,Tuyatsetseg Jambal 2,Enkhjargal Tsendjav 3,Enkhsaikhan Lkhagvasuren 4,5,Yanjmaa Jutmann 6,Adrian R. Martineau 7 andDavaasambuu Ganmaa 1,8
1Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
2T School of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science & Technology, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
3The Mongolian Health Initiative, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
4Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
5Department of Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
6Department of Math and Statistics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlootte, NC 28223, USA
7Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
8Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Wome’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Very low D if not Sept-Nov
Population-based data relating to vitamin D status of children in Northeast Asia are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in 9595 schoolchildren aged 6–13 years in Ulaanbaatar (UB), the capital city of Mongolia. Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency were collected by questionnaire, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay, standardized and categorized as deficient (25[OH]D <10 ng/mL) or not. Odds ratios for associations between independent variables and risk of vitamin D deficiency were calculated using multivariate analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. The prevalence of vitamins D deficiency was 40.6% (95% CI 39.7% to 41.6%). It was independently associated with female gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for girls vs. boys 1.23, 95% CI 1.11–1.35), month of sampling (aORs for December–February vs. June–November 5.28 [4.53–6.15], March–May vs. June–November 14.85 [12.46–17.74]), lower levels of parental education (P for trend <0.001), lower frequency of egg consumption (P for trend <0.001), active tuberculosis (aOR 1.40 [1.03–1.94]), household smoking (aOR 1.13 [1.02 to1.25]), and shorter time outdoors (P for trend <0.001). We report a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Mongolian schoolchildren, which requires addressing as a public health priority.
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VitaminDwiki: Overview of Rickets and vitamin D contains
Rate of rickets is usually < 0.1% of births, unless dark skin, breastfed, preemie, twin, Mongolian, or Russian
Rate of rickets has greatly increased with the drop in vitamin D levels during the past 40 years
400 IU can prevent/treat most rickets Turkey gave vitamin D to EVERY child and eliminated Rickets
Can have rickets without a low serum level of vitamin D (~20% of the time)
Giving enough Vitamin D to the mother (before and after birth) PREVENTS most forms of Rickets
Rate of rickets in some countries varies from 10% to 70% (typically poor health overall)
Rickets has been more than doubling in many countries
Rickets is strongly associated with severe breathing problems (weak ribs)
Bowed legs is not the primary indication of rickets (3 other indications of rickets are seen more often)
Rickets is typically due to low cellular Vitamin D - April 2024
Some Rickets is due to poor genes - Vitamin D needed lifelong – June 2020
Vitamin D and Rickets consensus took 80 years
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- Rickets almost eradicated in counties giving free Vitamin D, perhaps the world can learn – Dec 2019
- Low Vitamin D in Mongolia, supplementing would save lives (20 percent have rickets) – Oct 2019
- Rickets – 1 in 10,000 in Canada and UK, 1 in 2 in Russia and Mongolia
VitaminDWiki category Deficiency of Vitamin D
- Overview Deficiency of vitamin D
- Many reasons why vitamin D deficiency has become epidemic
- 23 of the 40 reasons are recent
- Many doctors continue to believe 2,000 IU of vitamin D is max (Hungary in this case)– Dec 2021
- 73 percent of US infants still do not even get 400 IU of Vitamin D - June 2020
- Vitamin D levels are dropping rapidly – what you need to do
- 4 Reasons why Vitamin D levels are crashing
- Update Reasons for Low Vitamin D and what to do with a concise table
- Air Pollution reduces Vitamin D
- Vitamin D levels in 56 countries (many have less than 20 ng) – 2021
- Trends in vitamin D status around the world – Nov 2021
- Vitamin deficiency in US military – Vitamin D is the most prevalent and is growing rapidly – June 2021
- Smoking reduces vitamin D - many studies 77 studies as of Feb 2024
- Low Vitamin D is worse for your health than smoking
- Many categories of people are at High Risk of low vitamin D -
67 studies - 26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
- Diseases arising from depletion are cured by repletion - Hippocrates 400 BC
VitaminDWiki categories Deficiency & Infant-child
- Only 3.4% of Portuguese children get vitamin D supplements (good dose taken weekly costs only 50 cents) – May 2024
- Nutrient consumption – only 7% of recommended DRV of Vitamin D (German Children in this case) – Jan 2024
- Vitamin D recommended for infants by 98% of Belgian pediatricians - 2024
- Respiratory infection, children and Vitamin D - many studies
- Depressed infants have very low Vitamin D (7.5 ng) – June 2023
- 94 percent of children with Chronic Neurological Diseases had low vitamin D – April 2023
- Vitamin D Deficiency in children in SE Asia – Oct 2022
- 24 Vitamin D global guidelines for children, huge diversity – Sept 2022
- Half of infants had less than 20 ng of Vitamin D with 800 IU (need more) – RCT Sept 2022
- Poor children were 2X more-likely to be vitamin D deficient (Ireland) – July 2022
- Vitamin D levels in new borns are so low that they are considering supplementing to prevent Rickets (Japan) – July 2022
- Newly diagnosed Children with Cancer have low vitamin D, especially if black - May 2022
- Arctic school children in Russia: only 1 in 11 has more than 30 ng of Vitamin D – April 2022
- Majority of South Asian children and youths have low vitamin D (85 pcnt of neonates) – March 2022
- Half of Mongolian schoolchildren have less than 10 ng of vitamin D – Nov 2021
- 93 percent of US children had less than 40 ng of vitamin D a decade ago – Oct 2021
- 73 percent of US infants still do not even get 400 IU of Vitamin D - June 2020
- Recurrent Wheezing in children is associated with low Vitamin D – several studies
- Children with low Vitamin D slept 1 hour less, had 1 hour later bedtimes – July 2020
- Respiratory viral infection (RSV) and low vitamin D - many studies
- Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Infants reduced 5.9 X by daily 600 IU of vitamin D (China) - March 2020
- Germany raised Vitamin D RDA to 800 IU - helped infants, but not children (who need even more) – June 2019
- Turkey needs to give Vitamin D to children too (infants get D for free) – June 2019
- Preemies still have low vitamin D at age 6 – Oct 2019
- Children in Mongolia helped by 800 IU of Vitamin D (need a lot more) – RCT Oct 2019
- Teeth from 19th century London indicate that most children were Vitamin D Deficient - Oct 2019
- Obesity 3X more likely in US children having low vitamin D – July 2019
- Allergic Rhinitis in infants treated by 1,000 IU vitamin D daily – June 2019
- Vitamin D levels have been crashing since 1995 (Polish Children, Elite Military, etc)
- Child exposed to smoke is 1.5 X more likely to have low vitamin D – Oct 2018
- Children need vitamin D - good global overview, poor recommendations for Italian children - May 2018
- Reasons for children having low vitamin D (proposed by 10 societies) - May 2018
- Both parents smoke – child’s vitamin D level was 30 percent lower and worse asthma – May 2018
- Vitamin D needed to get children to just 20 ng in winter 800 IU white skin, 1100 IU dark (Sweden) – RCT June 2017
- Vitamin D deficiency in pediatric critical illness: Time to move on from observational studies – Nov 2016
- Many US kids have less than 40 ng of Vitamin D – 99 out of 100 blacks, 91 out of 100 whites – Jan 2017
- Children in Intensive Care need Vitamin D loading dose of 10000 IU per kg (nearing a consensus) - Oct 2016
- 3X increase in UK children who are vitamin D deficient in just 5 years – Nov 2015
- 3X more kids were vitamin D deficient when entering UK hospitals than 4 years before – Oct 2014
- 93% of newborns of military in Hawaii had low vitamin D – March 2013
- Giving vitamin D to ALL children reduced (rickets) symptoms by 60 percent – Aug 2012
- 83 percent of children had less than 20 ng of vitamin D – 15 ng avg for hispanic – Aug 2012
- Death of Babies in UK due to vitamin D deficiency – Jan 2012
- Low D in developing countries – less than 5 ng in some children in China – Oct 2010
- Very short children were very low on vitamin D and Calcium – Aug 2010
- Obama task force told that childhood Obesity linked to Vitamin D Deficiency – Aug 2010
VitaminDWiki pages with MONGOLIA in title
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Half of Mongolian schoolchildren have less than 10 ng of vitamin D – Nov 20213543 visitors, last modified 21 Nov, 2021, This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)Attached files
ID Name Uploaded Size Downloads 16622 Mongolia Season.jpg admin 21 Nov, 2021 14.50 Kb 250 16621 Mongolian less than 10 ng.jpg admin 21 Nov, 2021 48.25 Kb 273 16620 Mongolia 9595 children.pdf admin 21 Nov, 2021 454.98 Kb 211