Perhaps higher risk of fracture if low BMD plus low vitamin D – July 2022

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Diagnosis of Low Bone Mass Density: Serological versus Radiological Methods

Int J Gen Med . 2022 Jul 1;15:5937-5945. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S357417. eCollection 2022.
Osama A Shaikhomar 1, Abdelghnay H Abdelghnay 2 3, Haitham M H Qutob 4

Context: Bone remodeling comprises balanced coupling of bone formation and resorption, and low bone mineral density (BMD) demonstrates high rates of bone resorption. Osteoporosis is a chronic asymptomatic disease with fragile bones and impending risk of fractures mediated by minor trauma. Whereas bone mineralization and integrity are determined by calcium and vitamin D, specific serum markers such as bone specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) play a vital role in bone formation.

Materials and methods: Serum calcium, vitamin D, ALP, and OC levels were measured in 2,145 Saudi students aged 18-22 years at Umm Al-Qura University. The BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and the findings were statistically evaluated. The following statistics were utilized in the analysis: the SPSS software was used to record, tabulate, and statistically evaluate the results.

Results: Low BMD cases accounted for 27.46% of all cases investigated, with considerably higher serum calcium, bone-specific ALP, and OC levels compared to control cases, but significantly lower serum vitamin D levels. In low BMD instances, there was no association between serum markers and DEXA findings.

Conclusion: Serum indicators by themselves may be useful for screening and predicting patients at risk of osteoporosis, as well as assessing treatment response. The combination of serum markers and DEXA measures is more effective in detecting low BMD.
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Although the high serum levels of bone formation markers indicate newly-formed bones, those bones were found to be less mineralized which might negatively alter the bone microarchitecture and strength and predispose to the risk of fracture. 38,40
Therefore, serum markers might not be used for the diagnosis of low BMD. Instead, they may be used for prediction of people at risk of developing fractures, especially in postmenopausal women and for evaluation of the response to osteoporosis therapy. 28,29

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VitaminDWiki - Overview Osteoporosis and vitamin D contains

• FACT: Bones need Calcium (this has been known for a very long time)
• FACT: Vitamin D improves Calcium bioavailability (3X ?)
• FACT: Should not take > 750 mg of Calcium if taking lots of vitamin D (Calcium becomes too bio-available)
• FACT: Adding vitamin D via Sun, UV, or supplements increased vitamin D in the blood
• FACT: Vitamin D supplements are very low cost
• FACT: Many trials, studies. reviews, and meta-analysis agree: adding vitamin D reduces osteoporosis
• FACT: Toxic level of vitamin D is about 4X higher than the amount needed to reduce osteoporosis
• FACT: Co-factors help build bones.
• FACT: Vitamin D Receptor can restrict Vitamin D from getting to many tissues, such as bones
• It appears that to TREAT Osteoporosis:
•        Calcium OR vitamin D is ok
•        Calcium + vitamin D is good
•        Calcium + vitamin D + other co-factors is great
•        Low-cost Vitamin D Receptor activators sometimes may be helpful
• CONCLUSION: To PREVENT many diseases, including Osteoporosis, as well as TREAT Osteoporosis
• Category Osteoporosis has 221 items
• Category Bone Health has 314 items

Note: Osteoporosis causes bones to become fragile and prone to fracture
  Osteoarthritis is a disease where damage occurs to the joints at the end of the bones

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VitaminDWiki - Osteoporosis category contains

• 221 items in category - see also Overview Osteoporosis and vitamin D
• Overview Fractures and vitamin D
• Bone - Health 314 items
• VitaminDWiki pages with BONE MINERAL DENSITY or BMD in title 29+ pages
• Search VitaminDWiki for OSTEOPENIA 1740 items as of July 2020
• 13 articles are in both Osteroporosis and Vitamin D Receptor categories
• 10 articles are in both Osteroporosis and Meta-analysis categories
• 20X increase in vitamin D sold and 36 percent decrease in osteoporosis business in Australia – Nov 2013

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VitaminDWiki - Falls and Fractures category contains

• 258 items in FALLS and FRACTURES
• Vitamin D and Calcium cost-effectively reduce falls and fractures – April 2019
• see also Overview Seniors and Vitamin D
  • Overview Fractures and Falls and Vitamin D
  • Overview Fractures and vitamin D
  • Muscles and Vitamin D - many studies

Falls

• Fall prevention - Vitamin D is one of the ways - umbrella review Jan 2024
• Deaths due to falls doubled in just a decade (age-adjusted, perhaps decreased vitamin D) – June 2019
• Preventing Falls in Older Adults – Vitamin D combination is the best - JAMA Meta-analysis Nov 2017
• Falls cut in half by 100,000 IU vitamin D monthly - RCT 2016
• Falls reduced by a third if achieved 40 ng level vitamin D– RCT Sept 2018
  • Note: It took 6 months to get to that level. Most trials last only 3 months
• Vitamin D prevents falls – majority of meta-analyses conclude – meta-meta analysis Feb 2015
• Falls reduced by Vitamin D: 13 percent reduction if more than 700 IU – review of 38 trials – Aug 2022

Left hand column section as of Nov 2024

Fracture

• Hip fractures are predicted by 10 factors – low Vitamin D is the biggest – Aug 2023
• Vitamin D and fractures – 24 meta-analyses and counting – Dec 2014
• Low trauma bone fractures in seniors – considering Vitamin D loading dose for all, without testing – Nov 2019
• Vitamin K (any amount and any kind) reduced bone fractures by 24 percent – meta-analysis – May 2019
• 77+ Hip fracture items in VitaminDWiki title   Click here for details examples:
  • Risk of Hip fracture cut in half if Vitamin D was prescribed - Aug 2023
  • Call to action: Vitamin D to prevent of treat hip fracture (50,000 weekly for 8 weeks, then bi-weekly) – Holick July 2020

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VitaminDWiki pages with BONE MINERAL DENSITY OR BMD in title (26 as of July 2022)

This list is automatically updated

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Hip fracture in VitaminDWiki title (67 as of June 2022)

This list is automatcially updated