Omega-3 may reduce weight gain and maintain weight loss – Aug 2018

---

Omega-3 fatty acids in obesity and metabolic syndrome: a mechanistic update

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Vol 58, August 2018, Pages 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.012
Kembra Albracht-Schulte a,b, Nishan Sudheera Kalupahanaa,b,d,⁎, Latha Ramalingama,b, Shu Wang a,b,
Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman a,b, Jacalyn Robert-McComb b, c, Naima Moustaid-Moussa a,b, naima.moustaid-moussa at ttu.edu
a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
b Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
c Department of Kinesiology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

Strategies to reduce obesity have become public health priorities as the prevalence of obesity has risen in the United States and around the world. While the anti-inflammatory and hypotriglyceridemic properties of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are well known, their antiobesity effects and efficacy against metabolic syndrome, especially in humans, are still under debate. In animal models, evidence consistently suggests a role for n-3 PUFAs in reducing fat mass, particularly in the retroperitoneal and epididymal regions.
In humans, however, published research suggests that though n-3 PUFAs may not aid weight loss, they may attenuate further weight gain and could be useful in the diet or as a supplement to help maintain weight loss. Proposed mechanisms by which n-3 PUFAs may work to improve body composition and counteract obesity-related metabolic changes include modulating lipid metabolism; regulating adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin; alleviating adipose tissue inflammation; promoting adipogenesis and altering epigenetic mechanisms.

Conclusions from PDF
The management of obesity has shifted from a narrow focus on BMI to the wider field that includes the complications of obesity, with the goal to reduce obesity-associated comorbidities [209]. While n-3 PUFAs have not yet shown consistent benefits in terms of weight loss in humans, improvements in the metabolic profile of obese individuals have been demonstrated.
Therefore, n-3 PUFAs may be an important adjunct to obesity management along with lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy.
Further study of the genetic and epigenetic molecular targets related to metabolism, appetite and energetics could aid the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for obesityassociated metabolic disorders.

---

VitaminDWiki - 14 studies in both categories Omega-3 and Obesity

This list is automatically updated

---

Overview Obesity and Vitamin D contains the following summary

• FACT: People who are obese have less vitamin D in their blood
• FACT: Obese need a higher dose of vitamin D to get to the same level of vit D
• FACT: When obese people lose weight the vitamin D level in their blood increases
• FACT: Adding Calcium, perhaps in the form of fortified milk, often reduces weight
• FACT: 168 trials for vitamin D intervention of obesity as of Dec 2021
• FACT: Less weight gain by senior women with > 30 ng of vitamin D
• FACT: Dieters lost additional 5 lbs if vitamin D supplementation got them above 32 ng - RCT
• FACT: Obese lost 3X more weight by adding $10 of Vitamin D
• FACT: Those with darker skins were more likely to be obese Sept 2014
• OBSERVATION: Low Vitamin D while pregnancy ==> more obese child and adult
• OBSERVATION: Many mammals had evolved to add fat and vitamin D in the autumn
  • and lose both in the Spring - unfortunately humans have forgotten to lose the fat in the Spring
• SPECULATION: Low vitamin D might be one of the causes of obesity – several studies
• SUGGESTION: Probably need more than 4,000 IU to lose weight if very low on vitamin D due to
    risk factors such as overweight, age, dark skin, live far from equator,shut-in, etc.
• Obesity category has 442 items

See also: Weight loss and Vitamin D - many studies   Child Obesity and Vitamin D - many studies   Obesity, Virus, and Vitamin D - many studies
Obese need more Vitamin D

• Normal weight     Obese     (50 ng = 125 nanomole)

Click here for 2014 study

---

Vitamin D and Omega-3 category starts with

409 Omega-3 items in category Omega-3 helps with: Autism (7 studies), Depression (28 studies), Cardiovascular (34 studies), Cognition (52 studies), Pregnancy (44 studies), Infant (34 studies), Obesity (14 studies), Mortality (7 studies), Breast Cancer (5 studies), Smoking, Sleep, Stroke, Longevity, Trauma (12 studies), Inflammation (18 studies), Multiple Sclerosis (9 studies), VIRUS (12 studies), etc
CIlck here for details

---

Other Omega-3 in VitaminDWiki

• Happy Nurses Project gave Omega-3 for 3 months – reduced depression, insomnia, anxiety, etc for a year – RCT July 2018
• Benefits of Omega-3 beyond heart health - LEF Feb 2018
• Brain is helped by Omega-3 during all phases of life – Aug 2018
• Omega-3 – fewer than 5 percent of adult women get the RDA – April 2018
• Preterm birth rate of pregnant smokers cut in half if take Omega-3 – RCT May 2017
• Omega-3 and Human Health: chapter in a book – Oct 2018
• ICU length of stay reduced when supplement with Omega-3 – meta-analysis July 2018
• Omega-3 index replaces the Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio – March 2018
• Founder of VitaminDWiki has taken Omega-3 for several decades