Majority of South Asian children and youths have low vitamin D (85 pcnt of neonates) – March 2022

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High burden of hypovitaminosis D among the children and adolescents in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

J Health Popul Nutr. 2022 Mar 17;41(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s41043-022-00287-w.
Mahbubul H Siddiqee # 1 2, Badhan Bhattacharjee # 3 4, Umme Ruman Siddiqi 5, Mohammad Meshbahur Rahman 6

Background: Vitamin D is vital for the growth and development of children. While deficiency and/or insufficiency of vitamin D among South Asian children are frequently reported in the literature, the lack of a meta-analysis has left its true extent poorly characterized. In this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and perform meta-analyses of the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among the children of the South Asian countries.

Methods: Two major electronic search engines (PubMed and Scopus) and one database (Google scholar) were used; original studies, conducted among South Asian children and adolescents and published between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2019. A random-effect meta-analysis was also performed to calculate the pooled prevalence of hypovitaminosis D followed by subgroup analyses for countries and age groups.

Results: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 41 studies with a total population size of 18,233 were finally selected.

• The overall prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 61% [95% CI: 46% to 71%] with highly significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.72%; p < 0.0001).
  • Note: Hypovitaminosis is <20 ng/mL
• The average level of serum vitamin D ranged from 5 ng/mL to 34 ng/mL, with a weighted mean of 19.15 ng/mL (weighted standard deviation 11.59 ng/mL).

Country-wise analysis showed that hypovitaminosis D in

• Afghanistan was the highest [96.2%; 95% CI: 91% to 99%], followed by
• Pakistan [94%; 95% CI: 90% to 96%],
• India [64%; 95% CI: 46% to 79%],
• Bangladesh [35.48%; 95% CI: 32% to 39%],
• Nepal [35%; 95% CI: 1% to 83%], and
• Sri Lanka [25%; 95% CI: 16% to 36%].

Age group analyses revealed that hypovitaminosis D was most prevalent among

• neonates [85%; 95% CI: 76% to 91%], followed by
• school-going children [57%; 95% CI: 33% to 80%], and
• preschool children [55%; 95% CI: 35% to 75%].

Conclusion: This study generates quantitative evidence and specific extent of hypovitaminosis D in the South Asian countries as a public health concern. Being the first systematic review for this region, results from this study will create awareness and will facilitate adopting mitigation strategies by the policymakers and the governments to address this problem.
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

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Vitamin D Deficincy in the region

• Two thirds of South Asians have low Vitamin D (less than 20 ng) – meta-analysis Oct 2021
• Vitamin D levels from lowest to highest: Middle East, China. India, S EU. N EU – Dec 2019
• Indonesian women – 95 percent do not have sufficient Vitamin D – Nov 2017
• Why India's vitamin D deficiency is grim - 40 pages Feb 2014
• VitaminDWiki pages with INDIA in title (48 as of March 2022)

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Vitamin D Deficincy in the world

• Optimum category listing has 99 items

Vitamin D deficiency is a major global public health problem – Maps Nov 2013
Prevalence of low vitamin D status in children worldwide

Prevalence of low vitamin D status in adults worldwide

• Overview Middle East and vitamin D

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