A novel update on vitamin D in recurrent pregnancy loss (Review)
Mol Med Rep. 2021 May;23(5):382. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12021
Haoyu Zhao 1, Xiaoqi Wei 2, Xiuhua Yang 2
- Recurrent pregnancy loss (miscarriage) risk should be reduced by vitamin D, vitamin B12 – March 2021
- Spontaneous Miscarriage strongly associated with 2 vitamin D genes – March 2020
- Recurrent miscarriage occurs 2.2 more often if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Aug 2019
- Miscarriage 32 percent more likely if work night shift (probably low Vitamin D) – April 2019
- Second miscarriage associated with low vitamin D – review June 2018
- Miscarriage 2 times more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2017
- Recurrent miscarriage associated with half as much vitamin D getting to fetus – Sept 2016
- Just 400 IU of daily Vitamin D reduced miscarriage (recurrent) by 3.5 times – RCT July 2016
- Miscarriage 70 percent more likely if low vitamin D (see also data on CYP27B1) – May 2016
- Miscarriage in first trimester 2.5X more likely if less than 20 ng of vitamin D – July 2015
Search VitaminDiiki for MISCARRIAGE OR "Spontaneous abortion" 1250 as of March 2021
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Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is usually characterized as ≥3 miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation. Patients with RPL may have autoimmune abnormalities or alloimmune problems. Vitamin D has a major function on the mechanism of immunomodulation at the maternal-fetal interface. However, whether vitamin D can be used as an effective method to treat patients with RPL requires investigation. It has been reported that vitamin D could prevent the occurrence of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) by reducing the expression levels of anti-β2 glycoprotein and tissue factor in RPL cases with APS. In addition, there is an opposite relationship between vitamin D and thyroid peroxidase antibody levels in autoimmune thyroid disease cases with RPL. Vitamin D changes the ratio of T helper (Th) 1/Th2 and regulatory T cell/Th17 to a certain extent, as well as affects the activity of natural killer cells and the production of cytokines to reduce the incidence of RPL. The objective of the current review was to address the research progress of vitamin D in RPL in recent years, which could facilitate the use of vitamin D treatment to enhance the pregnancy outcome of RPL. Collectively, it was suggested that vitamin D may be used as an important and effective immunotherapeutic agent for patients with RPL.