Vitamin D fortification of the innate immune system can be limited by 15 genes

Created April 2020

Key Vitamin D Target Genes with Functions in the Immune System

by Oona Koivisto ,Andrea Hanel and Carsten Carlberg

School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland

Nutrients 2020, 12(4), 1140; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041140

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D on Immune Function) the only one as of April 2020

This study does not mention those genes which restrict how much vitamin D gets to and remains in the blood and those genes which restrict how much vitamin D gets from the blood the cells. This study does not mention those genes which reduce the foritification of the adaptive immune system. 1. Immunity category starts with {include} A few of the recent Immunity and Vitamin D studies * Clear Association between Influenza and low Vitamin D - March 2020 * Immune system is capable of producing 1 Quadrillion unique antibodies - Jan 2019 * Immune system is fortified by micronutrients such as vitamin D – Review Jan 2020 * Vitamins and Metals needed by the Immune System – Jan 2020 * Diabetes, immune system and Vitamin D – book chapter – 2019 * I have a PhD in immunology and this is how I keep my daughter from getting sick during the winter * Helicobacter pylori infection and low vitamin D – many studies * Vitamin D and the Immune System – chapter Aug 2019 * Vitamin D Receptor, the gut, the immune system, and the Middle East – May 2019 * Treatment of neonate sepsis greatly aided by Vitamin D – RCT June 2019 * How Vitamin D reduces inflammation, improves immunity and fights autoimmunity – review Dec 2018 * Vitamin D decreases oxidative stress – meta-analysis Nov 2018 * Common cold prevented and treated by Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea – review April 2018 1. Vitamin D Receptor is associated in over 58 autoimmune studies 1. Genetics category listing contains the following {include} * Omega-3, Magnesium, Zinc, Quercetin, non-daily Vit D, Curcumin, intense exercise, Ginger, Essential oils, etc** Note: The founder of VitaminDWiki uses 10 of the 12 known VDR activators

📄 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

The biologically active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), modulates innate and adaptive immunity via genes regulated by the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR). In order to identify the key vitamin D target genes involved in these processes, transcriptome-wide datasets were compared, which were obtained from a human monocytic cell line (THP-1) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated in vitro by 1,25(OH)2D3, filtered using different approaches, as well as from PBMCs of individuals supplemented with a vitamin D3 bolus. The led to the genes ACVRL1, CAMP, CD14, CD93, CEBPB, FN1, MAPK13, NINJ1, LILRB4, LRRC25, SEMA6B, SRGN, THBD, THEMIS2 and TREM1 . Public epigenome- and transcriptome-wide data from THP-1 cells were used to characterize these genes based on the level of their VDR-driven enhancers as well as the level of the dynamics of their mRNA production. Both types of datasets allowed the categorization of the vitamin D target genes into three groups according to their role in

(i) acute response to infection,
(ii) infection in general and
(iii) autoimmunity.

In conclusion, 15 genes were identified as major mediators of the action of vitamin D in innate and adaptive immunity and their individual functions are explained based on different gene regulatory scenarios.

From the PDF

Figure 5. Functional profile of key immune-related vitamin D target genes.

Schematic picture of a cell indicating the main location of the proteins encoded by the 15 key genes.

The information is based on GeneCards (www.genecards.org) and publications cited in the text.

The classification of the proteins (group 1: orange, group 2: green, group 3: blue) is based on their transcriptome profile (Figure 4).

The main immune-related function of the protein groups is indicated inred.