Yet another reason to take Vitamin D while pregnant – fight COVID - meta-analysis

The Vitamin D Serum Levels in Pregnant Women Affected by COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients Volume 15 Issue 11 10.3390/nu15112588

Luiza Szarpak 1,Stepan Feduniw 2,3,*ORCID,Michal Pruc 1,4ORCID,Michal Ciebiera 5ORCID,Basar Cander 6,Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah 7 and Łukasz Szarpak 8,9,10 ORCID

1 Research Unit, Polish Society of Disaster Medicine, 05-806 Warsaw, Poland

2 Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland

3 Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland

4 Research Unit, International Academy of Ecology and Medicine, 02091 Kyiv, Ukraine

5 Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland

6 Department of Emergency Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey

7 Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland

8 Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA

9 Research Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Bialystok Oncology Center, 15-027 Bialystok, Poland

10 Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 00-136 Warsaw, Poland

Vitamin D can modulate immune responses, and its deficiency is linked to increased autoimmunity and susceptibility to infection. In the general population, it has been observed that serum vitamin D levels are connected with the risk of COVID-19 and its severity. Our study aims to examine reported findings on the effect of vitamin D serum levels on infection of COVID-19 during pregnancy. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies. Serum vitamin D serum levels in COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative pregnant women were 24.61 ± 20.86 ng/mL and 24.12 ± 17.33 ng/mL, respectively.

In mild vs. moderate to critical COVID-19 pregnant women, vitamin D serum levels were 16.71 ± 9.04 ng/mL vs. 10.7 ± 9.37 ng/mL and severe vs. non-severe were 13.21 ± 11.47 ng/mL vs. 15.76 ± 10.0 ng/mL. Only one study reported vitamin D serum levels in the placenta of COVID-19-positive pregnant women compared with the control and results varied and amounted to 14.06 ± 0.51 ng/mL vs. 12.45 ± 0.58 ng/mL, respectively.

Vitamin D deficiency tends to be common in pregnant women who have COVID-19, and the level of this vitamin has been demonstrated to have a strong correlation with the severity of the illness. As vitamin D serum levels correlate with COVID-19 symptoms and even with its occurrence, appropriate vitamin D supplementation in the prenatal period is suggested.

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