Vitamin D activation is mainly done by the tissues, not the Liver and Kidneys
Speculation of the full activation of Vitamin D by the tissues has ranged from 50% up to 90%
Many charts of Vitamin D activation only show the liver & Kidney, and ignore activation by tissues
85% activation by Tissues – 2011
New vitamin D analogs and changing therapeutic paradigms
Kidney Int. 2011 Apr;79(7):702-7. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.387
Cunningham J1, Zehnder D.
Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK. drjohncunningham@googlemail.com
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Vitamin D compounds have been used successfully to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism for almost three decades. Side effects of increased levels of serum calcium and phosphate and potential complications have increasingly been recognized as problematic, and this has become an even more difficult clinical challenge with the desire to capitalize on some of the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D. Nonclassical nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) effects on the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and immune system, with the prospect of improved patient survival, have moved to center stage. Selective vitamin D compounds with minimal effects on mineral metabolism and with maximal cardiovascular and renal benefits are now needed. New vitamin D compounds already in clinical use, which have an improved side-effect profile and differential nonclassical effects compared with calcitriol, are limited to the three licensed pharmaceuticals: paricalcitol, 22-oxacalcitriol, and doxercalciferol. Other compounds are under early development and it is anticipated that these novel therapeutic concepts will result in new vitamin D therapies that will help to reduce the high mortality rate patients with kidney disease experience.
74 citations of this study as of July 2023
2 Activation paths have some different genes
Genetics category listing contains the following
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See also VitaminDWiki
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