Stroke rehabilitation (and prevention) requires Vitamin D actually getting to cells

Vitamin D and Rehabilitation after Stroke: Status of Art

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(6), 1973; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10061973

by Mariacristina Siotto,Massimo Santoro *OrcID andIrene Aprile

IRCCS, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20121 Milan, Italy

* Overview Stroke and vitamin D * Stroke outcome at 3 months was 3X worse if bad stroke and low vitamin D – Jan 2020 * Stroke risks increased if low Vitamin D: Death 3.6 X, recurrence 5.5 X – Meta-analysis Nov 2019 * Stroke incidence not associated with low Vitamin D (but stroke outcome is) – Aug 2019 * Death after Ischemic Stroke 2.5 X more likely if less than 10 ng of Vitamin D – May 2019 * Ischemic stroke and low vitamin D – 3X higher risk of poor outcome, 6 X higher risk of a second stroke, Oct 2017 * Stroke outcome 6.9 X worse if black and overweight (all three related via low vitamin D) – March 2018 * Depression following a stroke is 2.7 X more likely if low vitamin D – Sept 2018 * Stroke mortality 3X worse among seniors with less than 26 ng of vitamin D – June 2014 * --- Genetics category listing contains the following {include} * Omega-3,  Magnesium, Zinc,  Quercetin,  non-daily Vit D,  Curcumin, intense exercise,   Ginger,   Essential oils, etc**  Note: The founder of VitaminDWiki uses 10 of the 12 known VDR activators

📄 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

Stroke is the first cause of disability in the population and post-stroke patients admitted to rehabilitation units often present a malnutrition status which can influence nutritional indices and then vitamin levels. Vitamin D deficiency seems implicated beyond stroke severity and stroke risk, and also affects post-stroke recovery. Some studies on vitamin D levels and outcome in stroke patients are available but very few data on vitamin D levels and outcome after rehabilitation treatment are reported. This literature review shows the possible relationship between vitamin D deficiency and recovery in post-stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation treatment. Moreover, because several studies have reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms and promoter methylation in genes are involved in vitamin D metabolism and might affect circulating vitamin D levels, these aspects are evaluated in the current paper. From the studies evaluated in this review, it emerges that vitamin D deficiency could not only have an important role in the recovery of patients undergoing rehabilitation after a stroke, but that genetic and epigenetic factors related to vitamin D levels could have a crucial role on the rehabilitation outcome of patients after stroke. Therefore, further studies are necessary on stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation treatment, including: (a) the measurement of the 25(OH) vitamin D serum concentrations at admission and post rehabilitation treatment; (b) the identification of the presence/absence of CYP2R1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1 and VDR polymorphisms , and (c) analysis of the methylation levels of these genes pre- and post-rehabilitation treatment.