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Effects of low vitamin D on pregnancy and neonate – review Jan 2015

Maternal–Fetal Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency: A Critical Review

Maternal and Child Health Journal, January 2015, Volume 19, Issue 1, pp 94-101
Letícia Schwerz Weinert, Sandra Pinho Silveiro (Brazil)

Table of Contents
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Research into the extra-skeletal functions of vitamin D has been expanding in recent years. During pregnancy, maternal vitamin D status may be of concern because of the key role of this vitamin in fetal skeletal development and due to the association between hypovitaminosis D and adverse maternal–fetal outcomes. Therefore, the objective of this manuscript was to review the maternal–fetal impact of gestational vitamin D deficiency and the benefits of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy. A literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase employing the following keywords: vitamin D deficiency, pregnancy, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and hypovitaminosis D. All relevant articles in English language published since 1980 were analysed by the two authors.
Neonatal complications derived from vitamin D deficiency include

  • low birth weight,
  • growth restriction, and
  • respiratory tract infection.

In the mother, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with

  • altered glucose homeostasis and
  • increased incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus,
  • pre-eclampsia, and
  • bacterial vaginosis.

However, the current state of the evidence is controversial for some other endpoints and the actual benefit of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy remains unclear.

Additional longitudinal studies may clarify the actual impact of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, and randomised trials are required to define the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the incidence of adverse outcomes in the mother and infant.
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VitaminDWiki observation: Adding Vitamin D during pregnancy is a ‘’low hanging fruit’’

VitaminDWiki - Pregnancy category contains

922 items in Pregnancy category

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VitaminDWiki – Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D contains

Most were taking 2,000 to 7,000 IU daily for >50% of pregnancy
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Problem
Vit. D
Reduces		Evidence
0. Chance of not conceiving3.4 times Observe
1. Miscarriage 2.5 times Observe
2. Pre-eclampsia 3.6 timesRCT
3. Gestational Diabetes 3 times RCT
4. Good 2nd trimester sleep quality 3.5 times Observe
5. Premature birth 2 times RCT
6. C-section - unplanned 1.6 timesObserve
     Stillbirth - OMEGA-3 4 timesRCT - Omega-3
7. Depression AFTER pregnancy 1.4 times RCT
8. Small for Gestational Age 1.6 times meta-analysis
9. Infant height, weight, head size
     within normal limits		 RCT
10. Childhood Wheezing 1.3 times RCT
11. Additional child is Autistic 4 times Intervention
12.Young adult Multiple Sclerosis 1.9 timesObserve
13. Preeclampsia in young adult 3.5 timesRCT
14. Good motor skills @ age 31.4 times Observe
15. Childhood Mite allergy 5 times RCT
16. Childhood Respiratory Tract visits 2.5 times RCT

RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial

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