Fact Epstein-Barr Virus was first discovered in 1961
Fact ~90% of adults have evidence of previous EBV infection
Fact Symptoms come and go with Long-Haul, Multiple Sclerosis, amd CFS
Fact Virus cause some cancers
EBV Implicated with Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, stomach cancer, MS Some Auto-Immune diseases and CFS - see below
Fact Multiple Sclerosis is extinguished by high-dose vitamin D
Possibility High-dose Vitamin D might also fight CFS, Long-Haul
Vitamin D Receptor activators such as Resveratrol may also be needed
Table of contents
- Investigation of Long COVID Prevalence and Its Relationship to Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation - June 2021
- EBV may cause Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - 2020
- EBV has a protein which is similar to that used to make myelin - Feb 2024
- "Epstein Barr Virus"and "Vitamin D" - 3,790 studies in Aug 2023
- "Epstein Barr Virus" and COVID - 16,700 studies in Aug 2023
- "Epstein Barr Virus" "long covid" 2,940 studies as of Aug 2023
- Long-Haul EBV on the web
- 13+ VitaminDWiki pages contain EPSTEIN or EBV in the title
- 69+ VitaminDWiki pages have LONG-HAUL or LONG-COVID in the title
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37 VitaminDWiki pages in both categories Virus and Vitamin D Receptor - Many ways to increase Receptor activation and get more vitamin D to cells
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Investigation of Long COVID Prevalence and Its Relationship to Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation - June 2021
Pathogens 2021, 10(6), 763; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060763
by Jeffrey E. Gold 1, jeff_gold at world.org , Ramazan A. Okyay 2, Warren E. Licht 3 and David J. Hurley 4
1 World Organization, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA
2 Department of Public Health, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş 46040, Turkey
3 Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
4 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients sometimes experience long-term symptoms following resolution of acute disease, including fatigue, brain fog, and rashes. Collectively these have become known as long COVID. Our aim was to first determine long COVID prevalence in 185 randomly surveyed COVID-19 patients and, subsequently, to determine if there was an association between occurrence of long COVID symptoms and reactivation of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in 68 COVID-19 patients recruited from those surveyed. We found the prevalence of long COVID symptoms to be 30.3% (56/185), which included 4 initially asymptomatic COVID-19 patients who later developed long COVID symptoms. Next, we found that 66.7% (20/30) of long COVID subjects versus 10% (2/20) of control subjects in our primary study group were positive for EBV reactivation based on positive titers for EBV early antigen-diffuse (EA-D) IgG or EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM. The difference was significant (p < 0.001, Fisher’s exact test). A similar ratio was observed in a secondary group of 18 subjects 21–90 days after testing positive for COVID-19, indicating reactivation may occur soon after or concurrently with COVID-19 infection. These findings suggest that many long COVID symptoms may not be a direct result of the SARS-CoV-2 virus but may be the result of COVID-19 inflammation-induced EBV reactivation.
Spreadsheet data from the study
Study was cited by 254 other studies as of Feb 2024
- Stress-Induced Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation - Sept 2021 PDF
- SARS-CoV-2 and EBV; the cost of a second mitochondrial “whammy”? - Oct 2021 PDF
Comment on Long-Haul COVID and virus such as EBV - Aug 27, 2021
Preventing The Post-COVID Syndrone (long-haul COVID) Sunil Wimalawansa, Linked-In
COVID-19 significantly impair the immune system, including its regulation. SARS-CoV-2 infections in persons with vitamin D deficiency is subjected to a double whammy.
Postmortem sample indicates that SARS.CoV-2 is present within brain tissues and in endocrine organs. Resultant significant immune dysfunction causes enhance viral replication and dissemination, and autoimmunity, and activating "dormant" microbes. The latter include activation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; Infectious mononucleosis) its complications like thrombocytopenic purpura, and intracellular bacteria, like tuberculosis.
The post-Covid syndrome is likely to cause by SARS-CoV-2 and/or EBV, and other dormant viruses. At present, its natural history, duration, and the optimal way to treat it are unknown. Nevertheless, maintaining serum 25(OH)D above 50 ng/mL seem to prevent this syndrome and supplementing vitamin D expedites the recovery following post-COVID syndrome. It is likely due to restoring the robust immune system).
Moreover, the efficacy of vaccines is enhanced with vitamin D adequacy. Therefore, administering a one-time high dose of oral vitamin D (e.g., 200,000 IU), as we have advocated since January 2021, is a sensible measure to enhance the acquired immunity and avoid a third booster dose. Prevention is better than cure.
EBV may cause Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - 2020
Early Growth Response Gene Upregulation in Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV)-Associated Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)
Biomolecules 2020, 10(11), 1484; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10111484
by Jonathan Kerr. Department of Microbiology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital (NNUH), Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UY, UK
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
EBV has a protein which is similar to that used to make myelin - Feb 2024
Scientists want to tackle multiple sclerosis by treating the kissing virus Economist
- "Almost all ms patients show signs of ebv infection, but so do around 95% of healthy adults"
- "...Harvard University tracked more than 10m American military employees who were given regular blood tests for hiv. During the study, 955 of the soldiers were diagnosed with ms. The scientists then went back and tested the blood samples taken before the soldiers’ diagnoses, for signs of ebv infection. All but one had antibodies for the virus, a rate far higher than would be expected by chance."
- "A paper published in Nature in 2022 showed that a protein produced by ebv shares a similar structure with a protein in human cells crucial for the production of myelin."
"Epstein Barr Virus"and "Vitamin D" - 3,790 studies in Aug 2023
"Epstein Barr Virus" and COVID - 16,700 studies in Aug 2023
- Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 Reactivation in Acute COVID-19 Patients - Aug 2022 PDF
- Epstein–Barr virus and COVID-19 - May 2022 PDF
- High incidence of Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human-herpes virus-6 reactivations in critically ill patients with COVID-19 - May 2021 PDF
- Positive Epstein–Barr virus detection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients - May 2021 PDF
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with acute COVID-19 with Epstein-Barr virus reactivation - Sept 2021 PDF
"Epstein Barr Virus" "long covid" 2,940 studies as of Aug 2023
- Investigation of Long COVID Prevalence and Its Relationship to Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation - June 2021 PDF
- Impact of Pre-Existing Chronic Viral Infection and Reactivation on the Development of Long COVID - preprint
- Association between Epstein-Barr-Virus reactivation and development of Long-COVID fatigue - Aug 2022 - PDF
Long-Haul EBV on the web
- Could the 'Mono' Virus Be Driving Long-Haul COVID? WebMD June 30, 2021
- "Two-thirds of a group of 30 COVID long-haul patients had high levels of Epstein-Barr antibodies, suggesting that EBV lying dormant in their bodies had been reactivated by their coronavirus infection, researchers reported."
- Evidence of Epstein Barr Virus Reactivation in Long COVID Patients Dr. Been video 27 minutes Aug 3, 2021
- Long COVID in Kids: The New Mono? Aug 19, 2021
- "Mononucleosis was nicknamed the kissing disease for one simple reason: college students, most at risk for developing this infection, presumably spend massive amounts of time sharing germs with their friends."
- "While most people recover in two weeks with rest and fluids, the virus that causes mono, Epstein Barr (EBV), is also associated with a chronic inflammatory and painful condition called myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). Also known as Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), this syndrome has itself been compared to Long COVID.4 "
- "And the list goes on. Through a protein on the virus, EBV has also been identified as a common infectious activator or trigger of several autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and celiac disease.5"
- Long COVID may be the result of Epstein-Barr virus reactivating in many patients Aug 18, 2021
- Reporting on the Pathogens study on this page
13+ VitaminDWiki pages contain EPSTEIN or EBV in the title
This list is automatically updated
Items found: 15
69+ VitaminDWiki pages have LONG-HAUL or LONG-COVID in the title
Items found: 69
37 VitaminDWiki pages in both categories Virus and Vitamin D Receptor - Vitamin D preventing and treating COVID - 30,000 publications – Oct 2024
- COVID maximum downregulation of Vitamin D receptor and CYP27B1 resulted in death - Feb 2024
- COVID in hospital stopped by Vitamin D Receptor activators (curcumin, quercetin) – RCT June 2023
- Children with COVID 4X more likely to have poor Vitamin D Receptors (Note: COVID deactivates VDR) – April 2023
- Diabetes 3X more likely if had COVID ICU (VDR was deactivated) - April 2023
- COVID variants protect themselves by deactivating different VDR variants– March 2023
- Dengue Fever decimated by Vitamin D - many studies
- COVID kids were more likely to have a poor VDR (4.3 X), than low Vitamin D (2.6 X) – Sept 2022
- Cancers are associated with low vitamin D, poor vaccination response and perhaps poor VDR – July 2022
- COVID 3X more likely if a poor Receptor (cells get less Vitamin D from the blood) – July 2022
- Long-COVID is now the biggest COVID concern - many studies
- COVID death 12X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor (less D gets to cells) - many studies
- COVID severity, ICU, and mortality all associated with poor vitamin D receptor (but not D, everyone had low D) -Dec 2021
- Different Vitamin D Receptor problems cause different COVID problems - Dec 2021
- COVID-19 severity associated with 3 vitamin D genes – Oct 2021
- Poor Vitamin D receptor blocked Vitamin D from fighting avian influenza viruses (in mice) – July 2021
- Epstein-Barr is yet another virus that deactivates the Vitamin D receptor (COVID later suspected as well)– 2010
- COVID-19 symptoms and comorbidities associated with the type of Vitamin D Receptor – Oct 2021
- Enveloped virus infection (RSV, coronavirus, HIV, etc.) 1.5X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis Dec 2018
- COVID-19 outpatients getting Quercetin nanoemulsion had excellent outcomes (Q increased Vitamin D in cells) – RCT – June 2021
- A virus that most adults have (Cytomegalovirus) decreases the amount of Vitamin D which gets to the cells – Jan 2017
- COVID virus alters the activation of 100 vitamin D related genes in the lung – April 2021
- Common sense COVID-19 risk reduction - masks, social distancing, vitamin D - Oct 2020
- AI is examining 170,000 potential COVID-19 treatments, Vitamin D is one of only 6 found – Sept 4, 2020
- Vitamin D Receptor activation should reduce ARDS associated with COVID-19 - June 2020
- Dengue viral production decreased 1000X if activate Vitamin D Receptor (in lab) – July 2020
- Vitamin D, Quercetin, and Estradiol all increase vitamin D in cells and increase genes which reduce COVID-19 – May 21, 2020
- Quercetin and Vitamin D - Allies Against COVID-19
- Risk of enveloped virus infection is increased 50 percent if poor Vitamin D Receptor - meta-analysis Dec 2018
- Hand, foot, and Mouth disease is 14X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Oct 2019
- Treating herpes reduced incidence of senile dementia by 10 X (HSV1 reduces VDR by 8X) – 2018
- Severe hand, foot, and mouth virus is 2.9 X more likely if poor Vitamin D receptor – Oct 2018
- Hepatitis B virus reduced by 5X the Vitamin D getting to liver cells in the lab – Oct 2018
- Some enveloped virus are 1.2 X more likely if have a poor Vitamin D Receptor -Aug 2018
- Severe Pertussis is 1.5 times more likely if poor vitamin D receptor – Feb 2016
- Dengue Fever associated with poor vitamin D receptor – July 2002
- Dengue virus 2X to 4X more likely if vitamin D receptor gene problems
Many ways to increase Receptor activation and get more vitamin D to cells
Vitamin D Receptor activation can be increased by any of: Resveratrol, Omega-3, Magnesium, Zinc, Quercetin, non-daily Vit D, Curcumin, intense exercise, Ginger, Essential oils, etc Note: The founder of VitaminDWiki uses 10 of the 13 known VDR activators
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Epstein-Barr Virus probably causes Long-COVID, CFS, and MS - many studies7488 visitors, last modified 28 Feb, 2024, This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)Attached files
ID Name Uploaded Size Downloads 18543 Association EB Long-COVID.pdf admin 02 Oct, 2022 325.41 Kb 245 18542 EB long-COVID preprint.pdf admin 02 Oct, 2022 1.21 Mb 235 18541 High incidece EB COVID.pdf admin 02 Oct, 2022 278.57 Kb 279 18540 EB COVID letter.pdf admin 02 Oct, 2022 649.85 Kb 246 18539 EB COVID.pdf admin 02 Oct, 2022 761.28 Kb 295 16864 Ivermetin Peru data.zip admin 10 Jan, 2022 7.16 Mb 312 16731 COVID EBV Sept 2021.pdf admin 11 Dec, 2021 1.24 Mb 390 16730 EBV COVID 2021.pdf admin 11 Dec, 2021 999.73 Kb 904 16729 EBV CFS.pdf admin 11 Dec, 2021 581.42 Kb 378 16728 SARS-CoV-2 and EBV.pdf admin 11 Dec, 2021 459.89 Kb 861 16727 EBV stress.pdf admin 11 Dec, 2021 2.05 Mb 717 16140 Long COVID EBV_compressed.pdf admin 26 Aug, 2021 311.89 Kb 508 16139 LH symptoms EBV.jpg admin 26 Aug, 2021 47.40 Kb 911 16138 LH EBV.jpg admin 26 Aug, 2021 51.54 Kb 963
- Many ways to increase Receptor activation and get more vitamin D to cells