Hypothesis: Low maternal vitamin D increases probability of heart disease later in adult – May 2013

Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Life and the Potential Programming of Cardiovascular Disease in Adulthood.

J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2013 May 30.
Gezmish O, Oksan.Gezmish at med.monash.edu.au, Black MJ.
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.

Vitamin D deficiency is a major worldwide public health problem affecting people of all ages, from infants to the elderly. Of particular concern is the high incidence of vitamin D deficiency in women during pregnancy and lactation, leading to the exposure of the growing fetus/infant to inadequate levels of vitamin D, which is essential for normal development. Vitamin D deficiency in adulthood is linked to the etiology of hypertension and to a multitude of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. It is now well-established that the antecedents of cardiovascular disease can originate very early in life. The purpose of this review is to highlight how maternal vitamin D deficiency, and its effects in upregulating the fetal renin-angiotensin system and altering cardiomyocyte growth in the fetal heart, has the potential to program long-term vulnerability to cardiovascular disease.

PMID: 23719723

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See also VitaminDWiki

• Transgeneration vitamin D deficiency related to MS was found in mice – Aug 2012
• Cardiovascular disease 50 % more likely if low vitamin D - meta-analysis Nov 2012
• Overview Pregnancy and vitamin D which has the following summary
  

  IU	Cumulative Benefit	Blood level	Cofactors	Calcium	$*/month
  200	Better bones for mom with 600 mg of Calcium	6 ng/ml increase	Not needed	No effect	$0.10
  400	Less Rickets (but not zero with 400 IU) 3X less adolescent Schizophrenia Fewer child seizures	20-30 ng/ml	Not needed	No effect	$0.20
  2000	2X More likely to get pregnant naturally/IVF 2X Fewer dental problems with pregnancy 8X less diabetes 4X fewer C-sections (>37 ng) 4X less preeclampsia (40 ng vs 10 ng) 5X less child asthma 2X fewer language problems age 5	42 ng/ml	Desirable	< 750 mg	$1
  4000	2X fewer pregnancy complications 2X fewer pre-term births	49 ng/ml	Should have cofactors	< 750 mg	$3
  6000	Probable: larger benefits for above items Just enough D for breastfed infant More maternal and infant weight		Should have cofactors	< 750 mg	$4

See also web

• Maternal vitamin D deficiency leads to cardiac hypertrophy in rat offspring 2010 by Gezmish