Severity of Vitamin D Deficiency Predicts Mortality in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Disease Markers, Volume 2019, 10 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3652894
Jarosław Wajda,1 Maciej Świat,2,3 Aleksander J. Owczarek,4 Aniceta Brzozowska,5 Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz,5 and Jerzy Chudek6,7
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Background. Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is considered an independent risk factor for death due to cardiovascular events including ischemic stroke (IS). We assessed the hypothesis that decreased levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) are associated with increased risk of mortality in patients with IS.
Methods. Serum 25-OH-D, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF23) levels were assessed in serum of 240 consecutive patients admitted within the 24 hours after the onset of IS. Mortality data was obtained from the local registry office.
Results.
- Only three subjects (1.3%) had an optimal 25-OH-D level (30-80 ng/mL),
- 25 (10.4%) had a mildly reduced (insufficient) level,
- 61 (25.4%) had moderate deficiency, and
- 151 (62.9%) had a severe VD deficiency.
20% subjects had secondary hyperparathyroidism. The serum 25-OH-D level was significantly lower than that in 480 matched subjects ( vs. ng/mL).
Of all the patients, 79 (32.9%) died during follow-up observation (44.9 months).
The mortality rates (per year) were 4.81 and 1.89 in a group with and without severe VD deficiency, respectively (incidence rate ratio: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.44–4.68). There was no effect of secondary hyperparathyroidism and iFGF23 levels on mortality rates. Age, ng/mL, and functional status (modified Rankin scale) were significant factors increasing the risk of death in multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression test.
Conclusions. Severe VD deficiency is an emerging, strong negative predictor for survival after IS, independent of age and functional status. VD supplementation in IS survivals may be considered due to high prevalence of its deficiency. However, it is uncertain whether it will improve their survival.
VitaminDWiki – Stroke category contains
Overview Hypertension and Vitamin D Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
Stroke more likely if low Vitamin D
- Stroke 74% less likely if high vitamin D (7,295 women 20-50 years old) – July 2017
- Stroke is 13.5 X more likely if low vitamin D and high blood pressure – March 2015
- Ischemic stroke 17 X more likely if low vitamin D – April 2017
- Stroke is strongly associated with Calcification of cerebral arteries (perhaps low Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Mg…) – March 2018
- Ischemic Stroke 3X more likely if Vitamin D Receptor gene change (Fok 1) – Jan 2014
Post-Stroke worse if low Vitamin D
- Poor Acute Ischemic Stroke 4X more likely if low Vitamin D - Nov 2023
- Stroke risks increased if low Vitamin D: Death 3.6 X, recurrence 5.5 X – Meta-analysis Nov 2019
- Stroke outcome at 3 months was 3X worse if bad stroke and low vitamin D – Jan 2020
- Death after Ischemic Stroke 2.5 X more likely if less than 10 ng of Vitamin D – May 2019
- Vascular dementia (after strokes) 32X more likely in Hypertensives with low vitamin D – Oct 2015
- Depression following a stroke is 2.7 X more likely if low vitamin D – Sept 2018
- Stroke incidence not associated with low Vitamin D (but stroke outcome is) – Aug 2019
Post-Stroke better if add Vitamin D
- Post-stroke Vitamin D supplementation helped in 11 ways – May 2023
- Improved recovery from ischemic stroke with Vitamin D (300,000 IU injection) – RCT June 2018
- Better outcome following Ischemic stroke if injected with 600,000 IU of vitamin D – RCT Feb 2017
- Ischaemic stroke – Vitamin D doubled survival (Injection followed by monthly 60,000 IU) – RCT Aug 2016
- Stroke patients need more than 2,000 IU of vitamin D (found this time in Japan) – RCT June 2019
Post-Stroke better if Vitamin D actually gets to cells
- Resveratrol fights Parkinson, Alzheimers, Diabetes, Cardiovascular, ALS, Stroke, etc.– Nov 2018
- Stroke rehabilitation (and prevention) requires Vitamin D actually getting to cells – March 2020
Stroke Meta-analysis
- Vitamin D is the best Vitamin to prevent a stroke - meta-analysis Jan 2024
- Recurrent Stroke 5X more-likely if very low vitamin D - meta-analysis Feb 2023
- Ignoring dose size etc, meta-analysis concludes that Vitamin D does not help (stroke risk in this case) – Aug 2022
- Stroke 22 percent more likely if low Vitamin D – meta-analysis July 2021
- Stroke risks increased if low Vitamin D: Death 3.6 X, recurrence 5.5 X – Meta-analysis Nov 2019
- Ischemic Stroke risk reduced by 2.5 if have good level of vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2018
- Vitamin D associated with 50 percent less ischemic stroke – meta-analysis Aug 2012
- Cerebrovascular disease 40 percent less likely if high level of vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2012
- 50 percent fewer strokes with vitamin D, even though ignored dose size – meta-analysis March 2012
Stroke Mortality
- Low Vitamin D associated with CHD, stroke, death, etc, (Mendelian analhysis) - Dec 2021
- After stroke, 40% less likely to die if 400 mg of Magnesium daily - Oct 2023
- Death after Ischemic Stroke 2.5 X more likely if less than 10 ng of Vitamin D – May 2019
- Low vitamin D at time of stroke predicts 3 X more likely to die in a month (unless add Vit D) – Dec 2017
- Death within 2 years of surviving an ischemic stroke 10X less likely if high vitamin D – July 2017
- Stroke mortality 3X worse among seniors with less than 26 ng of vitamin D – June 2014
- Much higher death rate 10 years after TIA – Nov 2011 – vitamin D might help
- Too much and too little Calcium both increase death after strokes – Jan 2011
Stroke and Intervention:
- Post-stroke Vitamin D supplementation helped in 11 ways – May 2023
- Post-stroke fatigue cut in half by Vitamin D (just 600 IU daily in 3 months) – Nov 2021
- Stroke patients getting weekly 50,000 IU Vitamin D did better – trial March 2021
- Stroke not prevented by just 2,000 IU of vitamin D plus 840 mg Omega-3 (VITAL) – Feb 2020
- Stroke patients need more than 2,000 IU of vitamin D (found this time in Japan) – RCT June 2019
- Improved recovery from ischemic stroke with Vitamin D (300,000 IU injection) – RCT June 2018
- Ischaemic stroke – Vitamin D doubled survival (Injection followed by monthly 60,000 IU) – RCT Aug 2016
23+ VitaminDWiki Stroke pages have ISCHEMIC OR ISCHAEMIC in the title
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