Can oral vitamin D prevent the cardiovascular diseases among migrants in Australia? Provider perspective using Markov modelling
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12399
Thilanga Ruwanpathirana1, Alice Owen1, Andre M.N. Renzaho2, Ella Zomer3, Manoj Gambhir4 and Christopher M. Reid1,*
Propose giving just 1,000 IU of vitamin D to Australian migrants
– what about the dark skinned natives?
Assuming complete compliance for 10,000 people for 10 years
Prevent 31 non-fatal cardiovascular events
Prevent 11 fatal cardiovascular events
See also VitaminDWIki
Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
Chance of death after heart failure reduced by 1000 IU of vitamin D – Feb 2012
Cardiovascular category is associated with other categories: Diabetes 31, Omega-3 31 , Vitamin K 25 , Intervention 22 . Mortality 20 , Skin - Dark 18 , Magnesium 17 , Calcium 14 , Hypertension 14 , Trauma and surgery 13 , Stroke 13 , Kidney 12 , Metabolic Syndrome 11 , Seniors 10 , Pregnancy 8 as of Aug 2022
- Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
- Cardiovascular Disease is treated by Vitamin D - many studies 39+ meta-analyses
- Coronary Artery Disease and Vitamin D - many studies 18+
- Cardiovascular problems reduced by Omega-3 - many studies 34+
- Arteries and Atherosclerosis and Vitamin D - many studies 71+
- Atrial Fibrillation decreased by Vitamin D or Magnesium - many studies 26+
- Statins and Vitamin D - many studies 25+
- Arterial Stiffness and Vitamins – only Vitamin D was found to help – meta-analysis Feb 2022
- Those raising Vitamin D above 30 ng were 1.4 X less likely to die of Heart Attack (VA 19 years) – Oct 2021
- Giving free vitamin D to every Iranian would pay for itself by just reducing CVD – Oct 2021
- Sudden Cardiac Arrest – 2.8 X higher risk if low vitamin D – 2019
- Peripheral arterial disease risk is 1.5X higher if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2018
- Heart attack ICU costs cut in half by Vitamin D – Oct 2018
- Cardiovascular disease 2.3 X more-likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Aug 2022
Cholesterol, Statins
- Cholesterol is needed to produce both Vitamin D and Cortisol
- Overview Cholesterol and vitamin D
- Statins and Vitamin D - many studies statins often reduce levels of vitamin D
- Statin side-effects are reduced by Vitamin D – US patent Application – April 2019
Pages listed in BOTH the Dark Skin and Cardiovascular categories
- 26 health factors increase the risk of COVID-19 – all are proxies for low vitamin D
- After Heart Failure Blacks are 45 percent more likely to re-enter the hospital in a month – Oct 2020
- Hypertension not controlled by 26 ng of Vitamin D (50,000 IU bi-weekly A-A) – RCT Nov 2017
- Cardiovascular death reduction in dark skin migrants by just 1,000 IU of vitamin D – May 2015
- Types of vitamin D, African American teenage girls, and measures of heart fitness – Dec 2014
- Low vitamin D is a risk factor for vascular diseases in African Americans - Aug 2012
- Low vitamin D increases risk of cardiovascular disease in African Americans – 2011
- Low vitamin D associated with obesity-related diseases for ethnic minorities – Sept 2011
- Vitamin D accounts for 25 percent of the racial differences in blood pressure – Oct 2011
- Striking ethnic health disparity – blacks dying due to lack of vitamin D – Nov 2011
- Studies linked low vitamin D and dark skin to Obesity, Diabetes, and heart – June 2011
- 50000 IU vitamin D2 weekly helped blacks with heart problems – Feb 2011
- Not yet certain that vitamin D reduces cardiovascular and diabetes in blacks – Mar 2011
- Improved blood flow in blacks with just 2000 IU of vitamin D – Feb 2011
- Calcium with Vitamin D2 then D3 helps A-A after heart failure – Jan 2011
- Aortas of 16 year old blacks helped by 2000 IU of vitamin D – July 2010
- Race CVD and Vitamin D - Newsletter Mar 2010
- VitDCouncilMarch2010
Pages listed in BOTH the categories Mortality and Cardiovascular
- Sudden Cardiac Arrest 10.8 X more likely if severe vitamin D deficiency – May 2024
- Fewer deaths (All-cause, Cardiovascular, Cancer) when Vitamin D levels are above 36 ng – April 2024
- Risk of Cardiovascular death decreased 5X (lowest to highest Vitamin D level)- Feb 2024
- Low Vitamin D associated with CHD, stroke, death, etc, (Mendelian analhysis) - Dec 2021
- Death rates of Cardiovascular patients keep decreasing until 90 nmol of Vitamin D - May 2023
- Less likely to die of various causes if higher Vitamin D (data from 300,000 people) – Oct 2022
- Metabolic Syndrome with low vitamin D increases CVD mortality by 1.7 X – July 2022
- 1.7 X less risk of Heart Failure death if previously had taken any amount of vitamin D - Jan 2022
- 1.7 X less risk of Heart Failure death if previously had taken any amount of vitamin D - Jan 2022
- Those raising Vitamin D above 30 ng were 1.4 X less likely to die of Heart Attack (VA 19 years) – Oct 2021
- Omega-3 reduced cardiovascular deaths by 16 percent (427,678 people) – March 2020
- Cardiovascular death 1.5X more likely if less than 20 ng of Vitamin D – 22nd meta-analysis Nov 2019
- Mortality associated with Vitamin K insufficiency (PREVEND Study) – Nov 2017
- Cardiovascular deaths 12 percent less likely if have 10 ng more vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2017
- 7X increased chance of death if coronary artery disease and low vitamin D – Oct 2013
- Fewer heart attacks, hip fractures and deaths if more skin cancer – Sept 2013
- Vitamin D protects against many types of health problems – review May 2013
- Almost 6X more likely to die after coronary bypass if vitamin D deficient – Dec 2012
- Predicted cardiac surgery death associated with low vitamin D levels – Dec 2012
- 3 X increased chance of death if have asthma – study of 200,000 people over 10 years – Nov 2012
- Low levels of vitamin D associated with all cause mortality – Oct 2012
- Death in less than 2 years of Heart Failure associated with low vitamin D - April 2012
- Heart Failure early death 2X more likely if less than 20 nanograms of vitamin D – June 2012
- Chance of death after heart failure reduced by 1000 IU of vitamin D – Feb 2012
- Heart patients 10 percent more likely to die for every 4 ng less vitamin D – May 2011
- Did not find association between vitamin D and cardiovascular mortality – Sept 2010
- Table of outcomes for seniors vs vitamin D level
Observation
Vitamin D has been proven to reduce a great many health problems
for those who are vitamin D deficient = most everyone
It particularly helps for those who are the ((High Risk of little Vitamin D|most dificient), such as
Almost always at least 2,000 IU is needed to get a benefit, not just 1,000 IU
The study was designed to model the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of oral Vitamin D supplementation as a primary prevention strategy for cardiovascular disease among a migrant population in Australia. It was carried out in the Community Health Service, Kensington, Melbourne. Best-case scenario analysis using a Markov model was employed to look at the health care providers’ perspective. Adult migrants who were vitamin D deficient and free from cardiovascular disease visiting the medical centre at least once during the period from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2012 was included to the study. The blood pressure-lowering effect of vitamin D was taken from a published meta-analysis and applied in the Framingham 10 year cardiovascular risk algorithm (with and without oral vitamin D supplements) to generate the probabilities of cardiovascular events. A Markov decision model was used to estimate the provider costs associated with the events and treatments. Uncertainties were derived by Monte Carlo simulation. Vitamin D oral supplementation (1,000 IU/d) for 10 years could potentially prevent 31 (IQR 26 to 37) non-fatal and 11 (IQR 10 to 15) fatal cardiovascular events in a migrant population of 10,000 assuming the 100% compliance. The provider perspective incremental cost effectiveness per year of life saved was AU$ 3,992 (IQR 583 to 8558). This study suggests subsidised supplementation of oral vitamin D may be a cost effective intervention to reduce non-fatal and fatal cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk migrant populations
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