Vitamin D Status and the Relationship with Bone Fragility Fractures in HIV-Infected Patients: A Case Control Study
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(1), 119; doi:10.3390/ijms19010119, Published: 2 January 2018
Chiara Iaria 2, Antonino Catalano 1, Antonino Lasco 1, Vincenzo Arcoraci 1, Alberto Lo Gullo 1, Alessandra Bitto 1, Francesco Squadrito 1 and Antonio Cascio 3
1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
2 Infectious Diseases Unit-ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy
3 Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother and Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- HIV increases Calcium in soft tissues and reduces Calcium in bones – Aug 2013
- HIV leads to low vitamin D which leads to osteoporosis – a growing problem May 2012
HIV category listing contains the following
Pregnant women in HIV therapy adding Vitamin D had 3X fewer deaths - RCT April 2022
HIV treatment augmented by high-dose vitamin D, daily or weekly – Dec 2021
Low vitamin D with HIV increases risk of infections – TB by 3.5X, CMV by 10.1X – Aug 2020
HIV therapy reduces Vitamin D levels, supplementation helps - Nov 2019
Cognitive problems 2X more likely if HIV and low vitamin D – June 2019
Use of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Hepatitis-B, AIDS) requires more vitamin D – Sept 2018
Vertebral fractures 9X more likely in HIV patients having low vitamin D – Dec 2017
HIV patients helped by monthly 120,000 IU of Vitamin D – RCT Oct 2017
Those with HIV who doubled their vitamin D levels reduced their chance of death by 47 percent – Oct 2013
A gut-friendly form of vitamin D should be used for those with HIV and gut problems
Alternately, just use 2X to 3X more vitamin D than for a person who has a good gut
3X more African girls and women have HIV than African males Washington Post Dec 2023
Note: Many women have lower vitamin D levels than men due to hormones and not being outdoors as much
In addition, dark-skinned women often avoid the sun due to a desire to have a lighter skin shade
Fractures other than HIV
- Overview Fractures and Falls and Vitamin D
- Hip fracture 58 percent more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2017
- Vitamin D and fractures – 24 meta-analyses and counting – Dec 2014
There are similar low levels of vitamin D in Seniors, HIV, and Obese
each of those groups have bone fracture problems
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
HIV-infected patients show high risk of fracture. The aims of our study were to determine the prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFs) and their associations with vitamin D in HIV patients. 100 patients with HIV infection and 100 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were studied. Bone mineral density was measured by quantitative ultrasound at the non-dominant heel. Serum osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type 1 served as bone turnover markers. Bone ultrasound measurements were significantly lower in patients compared with controls (Stiffness Index (SI): 80.58 ± 19.95% vs. 93.80 ± 7.10%, respectively, p < 0.001). VFs were found in 16 patients and in 2 controls. HIV patients with vertebral fractures showed lower stiffness index (SI) (70.75 ± 10.63 vs. 83.36 ± 16.19, respectively, p = 0.045) and lower vitamin D levels (16.20 ± 5.62 vs. 28.14 ± 11.94, respectively, p < 0.02).
The majority of VFs (87.5%) were observed in HIV-infected patients with vitamin D insufficiency, and regression analysis showed that vitamin D insufficiency was significantly associated with vertebral fractures (OR 9.15; 95% CI 0.18–0.52, p < 0.04). VFs and are a frequent occurrence in HIV-infected patients and may be associated with vitamin D insufficiency.
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