The Association Between Vitamin D Status, Vitamin D Supplementation, Sunlight Exposure, and Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:666-674, DOI: 10.12659/MSM.912840
Zonglei Zhou, Ruzhen Zhou, Zengqiao Zhang, Kunpeng Li
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sichuan University West China School of Public Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
Also, this study found that Parkinson’s 2.6X more likely if < 20 ng/mL
Note: Multiple Sclerosis is another disease for which UV appears to be better than Vitamin D
- Embrace the Sun – benefits of the sun (Nitric Oxide etc.) – book June 2018
- Many wavelengths of light provide health benefits, not just UV – March 2016
- Regular sun exposure benefits health – Dec 2016
- Parkinson’s patients – 41 percent now supplement with Vitamin D – Nov 2017
- The sun appears to generate Co-Q10 in our bodies when we eat our greens – Greger April 2016
Multiple Sclerosis
- Multiple Sclerosis suppressed by an Ultraviolet wavelength not associated with Vitamin D (mice) – Nov 2016 important clue
- Multiple Sclerosis 2X more likely if low winter UV – June 2018
All studies in both Mutliple Sclerosis and UV are listed here:
- Multiple Sclerosis treated equally by UVB and weekly 50,000 IU of Vitamin D – RCT July 2023
- Mutiple Sclerosis half as likely in children spending 30 to 60 minutes per day in the sun – Dec 2021
- Sun reduces risk of Multiple Sclerosis via both Vitamin D and another way – Dec 2019
- UV helped EAE mice (MS) designed to not respond to Vitamin D – Oct 2019
- Multiple Sclerosis 2X more likely if low winter UV – June 2018
- Multiple Sclerosis half as likely if get plenty of sunshine (not a news item) – March 2018
- Clinically Isolated Syndrome progresses to Multiple Sclerosis, unless UVB treatments – RCT Dec 2017
- Vitamin D and Sun conference – Germany June 2017
- Multiple Sclerosis suppressed by an Ultraviolet wavelength not associated with Vitamin D (mice) – Nov 2016
- Multiple Sclerosis helped by UV – possibly via cytokines, etc. – Oct 2015
- Hypothesis – Multiple Sclerosis risk increases with low UV, viral infections, and antibiotics in childhood – March 2015
- How UVB reduces autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis – April 2014
- UV decreases Multiple Sclerosis via cis-urocanic acid (and via vitamin D) – June 2013
- MS prevention by UV is 2X better than prevention by vitamin D levels – Jan 2012
- There is more in UV than vitamin D which suppresses MS in mice – April 2010
- UV produces more than vitamin D – Aug 2011
- Lack of UV 20X more associated with MS than any other variable – Dec 2010
- Hypothesis - more in sunshine than vitamin D to reduce MS – Feb 2010
- MS UV and Vitamin D – 2009
- Lack of UV increased offspring MS - April 2010
- Mouse MS: UVB but not Vitamin D reduced incidence - April 2010
Overview Parkinson's and Vitamin D contains the following summary
- Vitamin D associated with Parkinson’s Disease in 55 studies, more studies needed- March 2022
- Parkinson's category has
117 studies - Parkinson’s Disease and Vitamin D – review of 52 studies – May 2022
- Parkinson patients: 60 % taking Vitamin D – Dec 2019
- Low Vitamin D increases Parkinson's by 3X– July 2010 "only" a 30 year test, need more study
- Parkinson's disease prevented by Vitamin D, but small doses do not treat it - Aug 2023
- 10 clinical trials for PD with vitamin D intervention as of June 2023
- Parkinson’s Disease Summer School – alternative therapies included 60-80 ng of Vitamin D – Sept 2019
- Associated with PD are: Meta-analyses (
12 ), Cognition ( 24 studies), Multiple Sclerosis ( 18 studies), VIRUS ( 4 studies), Omega-3 ( 3 studies), Vitamin D Receptor ( 11 studies) - Note by the Founder of VitaminDWiki: I have twice recommended lots of Vitamin D to treat PD. Both got much better, but one had his doctor him cut back to just 2,000 IU. All of his recovery got reversed. With lots of vitamin D he could sing and bike, but now he can barely talk or walk
Items in both categories Noontime sun and Cognition are listed here:
- Little sun in first trimester, 2.9 X more likely to have learning disabilities – June 2019
- Fewer cognitive problems if more sun or Vitamin D
- Alzheimer’s associated with low sun and low vitamin D – Sept 2018
- Less vitamin D generated from sunlight by schizophrenia patients – 2016
- Fewer cognitive problems in regions with more sunshine (vitamin D) – April 2014
Items in both categories Noontime sun and Parkinson's are listed here:
- Risk of Parkinson’s decreases with time in summer sun - Jan 2024
- Parkinson’s patients 50X less likely to get even a little sun– meta-analysis Jan 2019
- Parkinson’s disease 2 times less likely if get 2 hours of daily sun – Nov 2016
- 9 minutes a day of sun improved BMD Parkinsons disease patients – Jan 2011
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
BACKGROUND: This literature review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the association between deficiency of vitamin D, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and Parkinson’s disease, and whether vitamin D from supplements and sunlight improves the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Systematic literature review was performed using databases that included the Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase. The Jadad scale (the Oxford quality scoring system) and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) were used to evaluate the quality of the studies.
RESULTS: Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. Both 25-hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.29–2.43; P<0.001) and deficiency (<20 ng/mL) (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.98–3.27; P<0.001) were significantly associated with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease when compared with normal controls
Sunlight exposure (>15 min/week) was significantly associated with a reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease (OR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.00–0.10; P<0.001).
The use of vitamin D supplements was effective in increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (SMD, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.40–2.18; P<0.001), but had no significant effect on motor function (MD, –1.82; 95% CI, –5.10–1.45; P=0.275) in patients with Parkinson’s disease.CONCLUSIONS: Insufficiency and deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and reduced exposure to sunlight were significantly associated with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease. However, vitamin D supplements resulted in no significant benefits in improving motor function for patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Sunshine references
- 31] Sato Y, Honda Y, Iwamoto J et al: Abnormal bone and calcium metabolism in immobilized Parkinson's disease patients. Mov Disord, 2005; 20: 1598-603
- 42] Abou-Raya S, Helmii M, Abou-Raya A: Bone and mineral metabolism in older adults with Parkinson's disease. Age Ageing, 2009; 38: 675-80
- 43] Sato Y, Kikuyama M, Oizumi K: High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mass in Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 1997; 49: 1273-78
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